自1981年以来，美国已发生过14次部分政府关门，其中大部分只持续一两天。最近一次发生在特朗普的 第一任期内，从2018年12月持续到2019年1月，长达34天。 特朗普的共和党在众议院以219对212席占多数，在参议院以53对47席占优势，但参议院的规则要求大多 数法案需要60票才能通过，这意味着通过一项拨款法案将需要七名民主党人的支持。 一场先发制人的"甩锅游戏"已于今夏开始，并在争论如果国会失败导致部分政府关门，哪一方应承担责 任。 在共和党人批准特朗普削减90亿美元对外援助和公共媒体资金的请求之前，参议院少数党领袖查克·舒 默（Chuck Schumer）在7月份的一封信中表示，由于共和党削减了国会已批准的资金，多数党不应期望 民主党在两党拨款程序中"一切如常"。 美国国会将于周二复会，留给它履行其核心职能之一，即维持联邦机构资金运转并避免部分政府关门的 时间已不足一个月，而这项工作近年来已变得越来越难以完成。 在特朗普总统新一届政府的第一年里，国会激烈的党派分歧已经加剧，特朗普政府决定不支出先前在两 党协议下批准的部分资金，以及7月份通过的一项减税法案，这些都激怒了民主党议员，无党派分析人 士称该法 ...

新华财经北京8月13日电据美国财政部最新公布的数据，美国联邦债务总额在8月11日突破37万亿美元大 关。自今年1月债务上限恢复，美国财政部援引"特别措施"以来，该国的总债务一直大致维持在36.2万 亿美元左右，直到最近通过的和解法案将债务上限提高到5万亿美元。 开源难节流更难 据美国国会预算办公室的估计，联邦政府在过去一年（2024年8月至2025年7月）共借款1.9万亿美元， 相当于美国GDP的6.5%左右。而在目前的水平上，由于支出增加和收入增长停滞，每年近2万亿美元的 滚动赤字正在推动美国联邦债务激增。 数据显示，美国政府2025年7月的赤字为2890亿美元，比2024年7月增加了450亿美元。国会预算办公室 估计，联邦政府在2025年7月的收入为3390亿美元，比2024年7月增加了90亿美元。与2024年7月相比， 关税收入增长了252%，但消费税收入下降了44%。2025年7月的支出为6280亿美元，比2024年7月高出 540亿美元。 新华财经在5月份曾有篇财经分析，假设按过去三年的平均日增速度，到2025年9月1日左右，美国联邦 债务将达到37万亿美元。看来这一预测低估了美国政府的花钱速度，这 ...

Economic Overview - The U.S. economy is currently supported by a tax and spending bill, with concerns shifting from stagnation to inflation risks [1] - The House of Representatives passed the "Big and Beautiful" tax and spending bill, with a vote of 218 to 214 [1] - Non-farm payrolls in June exceeded expectations, indicating resilience in the labor market despite uncertainties from trade and immigration policies [1][2] Employment Market Insights - In June, the U.S. added 147,000 non-farm jobs, surpassing the expected 106,000, with the unemployment rate unexpectedly dropping from 4.2% to 4.1% [2] - Government employment saw a significant increase of 73,000 jobs, particularly in state and local sectors related to education [2][5] - Private sector job growth was only 74,000, the lowest since October of the previous year, primarily driven by the healthcare sector [2][5] Legislative Impact - The "Big and Beautiful" bill extends tax cuts from 2017, benefiting high-income groups while negatively impacting low-income healthcare access [8] - The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the Senate version of the bill could leave 11.8 million Americans uninsured by 2034 [8] - The bill is projected to increase the annual GDP growth rate by 0.2 percentage points from 2025 to 2027, with a maximum effect of 0.6% [8] Long-term Economic Effects - The bill is expected to increase federal debt significantly, with estimates of over $4.5 trillion in spending costs over the next decade [9] - The International Monetary Fund warns that the bill contradicts recommendations for reducing fiscal deficits in the medium term [9][10] - Concerns are raised about the declining demand for U.S. Treasury bonds, which could lead to higher borrowing costs [10] Federal Reserve Outlook - The likelihood of a rate cut by the Federal Reserve in July has diminished, with a focus shifting towards inflation management [11] - The labor market's health, as indicated by the non-farm payroll report, provides the Fed with room to maintain current policies [11][12] - Future rate cuts may still be possible, with September being a likely timeframe for potential adjustments [12][13]

Summary of Key Points Core Viewpoint - The total U.S. federal debt has reached $36.21 trillion, with public holdings at $28.91 trillion and intergovernmental holdings at $7.30 trillion, indicating a significant increase in debt levels and raising concerns about sustainability as the debt-to-GDP ratio exceeds the IMF's recommended threshold [1][6]. Group 1: Debt Growth and Historical Context - Historical data shows that U.S. federal debt has increased significantly over time, with notable spikes during major events such as the Civil War, World Wars, and recent crises like the COVID-19 pandemic [2]. - From FY 2019 to FY 2021, federal spending rose by approximately 50%, contributing to the current debt levels [2]. Group 2: Current Debt Statistics - The average daily increase in federal debt over the past year is $4.42 billion, translating to $18,404 million per hour and $51,121 per second [4]. - The per capita federal debt has risen by $4,814, with the total per household reaching $273,919 [4]. Group 3: Future Projections and Refinancing Challenges - By September 2025, the federal debt is projected to reach $37 trillion, with approximately $7 trillion of debt maturing, presenting unprecedented refinancing challenges for the U.S. Treasury [7]. - The Treasury plans to issue $4.9 trillion in long-term bonds and $2.1 trillion in short-term bonds to manage this refinancing [7]. Group 4: Debt Composition and Interest Payments - As of March 2025, 21.29% of the public debt is short-term, while 51.22% is medium to long-term, and 16.99% is ultra-long-term [9]. - Interest payments on the debt are projected to be $582 billion, accounting for 16% of total federal spending in FY 2025, influenced by rising interest rates and inflation [10]. Group 5: Global Context and Economic Implications - The IMF highlights that rising debt levels globally, coupled with significant policy changes, are increasing financial market volatility and complicating fiscal situations for many countries [11].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. federal debt is on an unsustainable path, and addressing the debt issue should be prioritized sooner rather than later [1] Summary by Relevant Categories - **Debt Sustainability** - The current trajectory of U.S. federal debt is deemed unsustainable, indicating a need for immediate action to manage and mitigate the growing debt levels [1] - **Policy Recommendations** - It is suggested that the government should take proactive measures to address the debt situation, emphasizing the importance of early intervention [1]