Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the establishment of a comprehensive government debt management system that effectively utilizes bond funds to stabilize investment, promote development, and benefit people's livelihoods, with a total issuance of 9,582 billion yuan in new local government bonds supporting approximately 3,800 public welfare projects across various sectors [1] Group 2 - The institutional framework for debt financing has been strengthened, with a new method for distributing local debt limits introduced in 2023, focusing on precise fund allocation and post-issuance management [2] - A pilot program for self-audit and self-issue of special bond projects is set for 2025, aiming to enhance project feasibility and financing balance while ensuring timely project funding [2] Group 3 - The proactive approach to bond issuance has led to a reduction in financing costs, with 435 government bonds issued during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, achieving an average interest rate of 2.67%, resulting in an estimated savings of 3,569.09 billion yuan in financing costs for various levels of government [3] Group 4 - The overall risk of local debt has been effectively controlled through organized leadership and targeted measures, resulting in a significant alleviation of debt risks [4] Group 5 - A comprehensive monitoring mechanism for local debt has been established to track bond fund expenditures, enhancing risk analysis and management effectiveness [5] - Strengthened financial supervision and accountability measures are in place to ensure compliance with fiscal discipline and address any irregularities in debt management [5]

12月18日，美国财政部公布的这组10月的美国财政部数据，引起了不少人的注意。 中国再次减持美债，金额达到118亿美元，持仓水平创下2008年以来最低，与此同时，加拿大出手更 猛，单月抛售567亿美元，刷新了过去几年的最大波动记录。 就在这两件事发生的前后，特朗普也在公开场合释放信号，要更换美联储主席，核心诉求是推动降息。 三件事实则互相关联，背后是一场关于资本流动、政策信心和地缘博弈的深层较量。 中国持续减持美债 中国这次减持118亿美元，并不是突发行为，从过去的趋势看，减持的节奏一直在持续，方向也很明 确。 持有美债的总量已经降低到了近十几年来的最低水平，与此同时，中国在其他储备资产上的配置也在悄 然发生变化，特别是在黄金储备的增加上，连续增持的节奏说明了这不是一次性操作，而是一种长期考 量下的调整。 这种调整背后，反映的是对外部环境变化的理性应对，美元作为全球主要储备货币，地位确实依旧稳 固，但它也不再具备十年前那种无可替代的安全感。 特别是在国际局势不确定性上升的背景下，依赖单一货币体系的风险逐渐显现，一旦出现高强度的金融 制裁、政策突变，或是汇率剧烈波动，对大型经济体的外储安全构成直接威胁。 因此， ...

与此同时，1-10月份，全国政府性基金预算收入3.45万亿元，同比下降2.8%。其中，国有土地使用权出 让收入约2.5万亿元，同比下降7.4%。1-10月份，全国政府性基金支出8.09万亿元，同比增长15.4%。 2026年作为"十五五"的开局之年，部分机构预判2026年经济增长目标仍在5%左右。考虑到当前内需恢 复偏弱、房地产市场在深度调整进程中、外部不确定性较大等，2026年要推动释放潜在经济增速，须实 施更加积极的宏观政策，尤其需要更加积极的财政政策加以支持。 支持全方位扩大内需 财政部数据显示，1-10月份，全国一般公共预算收入18.65万亿元，同比增长0.8%。其中，税收收入 15.34万亿元，同比增长1.7%。1-10月份，全国一般公共预算支出22.58万亿元，同比增长2%。 21世纪经济报道记者周潇枭 北京报道今年前三季度我国经济同比增长5.2%，全年有望实现5%左右的增 长，背后很重要的支撑在于更加积极的财政政策。 今年更加积极的财政政策内涵丰富，赤字率提高到4%左右，对应赤字规模为5.66万亿元；发行超长期 特别国债1.3万亿元，支持"两重""两新"工作；发行超长期特别国债5000亿元，支持 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Japanese government plans to issue approximately 11.7 trillion yen (about 529.9 billion RMB) in government bonds to fund a new round of economic stimulus measures, addressing the funding gap created by the recently announced large-scale economic strategy [1] Group 1: Economic Measures - The large-scale economic strategy involves a supplementary budget for the fiscal year 2025, which is expected to be finalized in a cabinet meeting on the 28th and submitted to the ongoing extraordinary Diet session for approval [1] - The government aims to secure support from opposition parties to strive for passage by December [1] Group 2: Fiscal Outlook - Japan's estimated national tax revenue for the fiscal year 2025 is approximately 80.7 trillion yen, an increase of about 2.9 trillion yen from previous estimates [1] - Despite the increase in tax revenue, it remains insufficient to cover the significantly expanded costs of the economic measures, indicating that the government's fiscal operations will continue to rely on borrowing through government bonds [1]

Core Insights - The U.S. recorded a budget deficit of $284 billion in the first month of fiscal year 2026, highlighting significant challenges for the Trump administration in reducing federal borrowing in the coming years [1] - The October deficit decreased by 29% year-over-year after calendar adjustments, driven by a 22% increase in fiscal revenue due to record-high tariff income [1] - Despite a substantial rise in Medicare spending, adjusted fiscal expenditures remained roughly flat compared to the same month last year, reflecting the impact of Congress's failure to pass annual appropriations before the new fiscal year began [1] Revenue and Expenditure Analysis - The net tariff revenue for October reached $31 billion, with an average of $29 billion over the previous three months, indicating the ongoing suppression of federal borrowing demand due to tariff policies implemented by the Trump administration [1] - The approval of a temporary spending plan by the legislative body on November 12 is expected to lead to a surge in expenditures in the November budget report [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant progress made by Jilin Province in reducing local government hidden debt, allowing it to exit the high-risk debt province list, which is expected to boost local economic development and serve as a model for other provinces [3][6]. Group 1: Debt Reduction Achievements - As of September 2025, Jilin Province's hidden debt balance has decreased by nearly 90%, and the number of financing platforms has been reduced by over 70% [3]. - Jilin is the second province, after Inner Mongolia, to meet the conditions for exiting the high-risk debt province list, which will enhance local government investment flexibility and stimulate economic growth [3][6]. - The central government has increased support for Jilin's debt reduction, with over 100 billion yuan allocated from a total of 6 trillion yuan for debt resolution [6]. Group 2: Economic Indicators - Jilin's GDP is projected to grow from 1.28 trillion yuan in 2022 to 1.44 trillion yuan in 2024, with a GDP growth rate of 6.3% in 2023 and 4.3% in 2024 [5]. - The province's general public budget revenue is expected to reach 1.19 trillion yuan in 2024, reflecting a growth rate of 10.8% [5]. - The local government debt balance is projected to be 999.34 billion yuan by the end of 2024, with a debt ratio of 202.9% [8]. Group 3: Future Challenges and Opportunities - While exiting the high-risk debt list reduces policy restrictions, it may also lead to decreased support for debt resolution policies, creating a need for balance between debt management and economic development [8]. - Experts emphasize the importance of establishing a long-term debt management mechanism to align with high-quality economic development, as Jilin still faces significant debt pressure [8]. - Other provinces are also accelerating their exit from the high-risk debt list, indicating a broader trend in debt management across the country [10].

Group 1 - The Japanese government plans to introduce an economic stimulus package exceeding 20 trillion yen to alleviate rising living costs [2] - Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has committed to supporting Japan's economy, which is struggling with inflation, through active fiscal spending [2] - Investor concerns regarding the impact of these economic policies on Japan's fiscal health have led to recent sell-offs of the yen and government bonds [2]

Fiscal Performance - In October 2025, national general public budget revenue increased by 3.2% year-on-year, primarily driven by accelerated tax revenue growth[1] - National general public budget expenditure in October 2025 decreased by 9.8% year-on-year, a significant decline compared to the previous month's growth of 3.1%[1] - The completion rate of the general fiscal budget revenue from January to October 2025 was 60.5%, consistent with the same period in 2024, while the expenditure completion rate was 72.7%, exceeding the 2024 level[2] Government Fund Budget - The revenue from the government fund budget in October 2025 saw a year-on-year decline of 18.4%, contrasting with a previous increase of 5.6%[2] - The expenditure growth rate for the government fund budget in October 2025 was -38.2%, down from 0.4% in the previous month[2] - The total government fund budget revenue from January to October 2025 was 34,473 billion yuan, a decrease of 2.8% year-on-year, with land use rights transfer income dropping by 7.4%[9] Tax Revenue Insights - Tax revenue in October 2025 reached 20,700 billion yuan, reflecting an 8.6% year-on-year increase, while non-tax revenue fell by 33%[4] - From January to October 2025, domestic VAT, consumption tax, corporate income tax, and personal income tax grew by 4.0%, 2.4%, 1.9%, and 11.5% respectively, indicating a stable recovery in the macroeconomic environment[5] Expenditure Trends - The expenditure in key areas such as social security and employment, health, and education showed strong progress, with completion rates of 85.6%, 79%, and 76.4% respectively[8] - To meet the annual expenditure targets, an increase in fiscal spending in November and December 2025 is necessary[2] Risks and Outlook - Potential risks include the possibility of fiscal policies not being implemented as expected and the increase of hidden debts beyond projections[14][46] - The introduction of new policy financial tools and the allocation of 500 billion yuan from central fiscal resources to local governments are expected to support economic recovery in the fourth quarter[3]

Core Viewpoint - The Ghanaian government has set robust macroeconomic targets for the 2026 fiscal year and the medium term (2026-2029), focusing on sustainable growth and fiscal management [1] Economic Growth Targets - The government aims for an average real GDP growth of 4.9% over the medium term, with non-oil sector growth around 5.0% to promote economic diversification [1] - For the 2026 fiscal year, the real GDP growth target is set at no less than 4.8%, and non-oil GDP growth is targeted at a minimum of 4.9% [1] Inflation and Fiscal Surplus Goals - The inflation rate is targeted to be maintained within a range of 8% ± 2% [1] - The government plans to achieve a primary fiscal surplus equivalent to 1.5% of GDP starting in 2026 to strengthen fiscal health [1] External Reserves and Investor Confidence - The budget includes a plan to maintain international reserves at a level sufficient to cover at least three months of import expenses, aimed at enhancing external buffers, stabilizing the local currency, and boosting investor confidence [1] Budget Deficit Improvement - The budget deficit target for 2026 is set at 2%, showing an improvement compared to 2025 [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Vietnamese government has issued Resolution No. 86, aiming to ensure the completion of economic and social development targets by 2025, with a focus on achieving a GDP growth rate of at least 8% by 2025 and laying the groundwork for a 10% growth target in 2026 [1] Economic Growth and Stability - The government plans to reassess economic growth and actively respond to natural disasters and flooding impacts [1] - A combination of "moderately loose fiscal policy" and "proactive flexible monetary policy" will be implemented to maintain macroeconomic stability and control inflation [1] Fiscal and Investment Goals - The target is to increase fiscal revenue by at least 25% compared to the budget [1] - Ensuring sufficient public investment funding and guaranteeing the supply of essential goods during the Lunar New Year [1] Infrastructure Development - The government aims to improve the regulatory framework for the cryptocurrency and data markets [1] - Key investments will be made in major infrastructure projects, including the Lao Cai-Hanoi-Haiphong railway and the North-South expressway, through government bond issuance [1] - Preparations are underway for significant project inaugurations or groundbreaking ceremonies on December 19, 2025, coinciding with the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam [1]