人民网北京12月16日电 （记者乔业琼）据厦门疾控微信公众号消息，免疫是人体与生俱来的健康 盾牌，而疫苗则是为这面盾牌特别锻造的"强化装备"。 那些疫苗"超能力" 天花疫苗：人类唯一彻底消灭的传染病，疫苗立下头功 脊髓灰质炎疫苗：让"小儿麻痹症"成为历史名词 HPV疫苗：目前唯一种能预防癌症的疫苗 疫苗的魔法：如何教会身体"记住"敌人？ 身体的免疫系统就像一支精锐部队，而疫苗的作用，就是给这支部队： 送上"敌人画像"（灭活/减毒疫苗） 展示"敌人武器模型"（重组蛋白疫苗） 提供"敌人作战手册"（mRNA疫苗） 通过这种方式，免疫系统在不经历真实感染风险的情况下，提前认识了敌人，并形成了长期"记 忆"。当真正的病原体入侵时，记忆免疫细胞便会迅速识别并消灭它们——这个过程甚至可能快到你感 觉不到自己曾被感染。 三是"群体免疫"是什么？ 关于疫苗的"灵魂三问" 一是为什么打了疫苗还会生病？ 疫苗不是"金钟罩"，而更像是"防弹衣"。它能显著降低重症和死亡风险，就像戴了头盔虽然可能还 会受伤，但能保住性命。 二是疫苗副作用可怕吗？ 常见的局部红肿、低热，其实是免疫系统正在"认真学习"的表现。严重不良反应的发生率，比许多 ...

Core Insights - The flu activity in China has significantly increased, with most provinces entering the flu epidemic period earlier than expected this year [1][2] - The proportion of flu-like illness (ILI%) in northern provinces has surpassed the levels of the past three years, indicating a potential rise in flu cases [2][5] Flu Activity Overview - As of the 44th week of 2025, there were 347 reported outbreaks of flu-like cases, a notable increase from 144 the previous week [1] - The ILI% for southern provinces was reported at 4.6%, while northern provinces reported 5.1%, both higher than the previous week and previous years [2][3] Virus Strain Information - The dominant strain currently circulating is the H3N2 influenza virus, accounting for 98.8% of the detected influenza A cases [5][11] - The presence of H1N1 and Victoria lineage B viruses has also been noted, but H3N2 remains the primary concern [5] Vaccination Recommendations - Vaccination is emphasized as the most effective method to prevent flu, with recommendations for all individuals aged six months and older to receive the flu vaccine [6][7] - High-risk groups, including healthcare workers, the elderly, and individuals with chronic diseases, should be prioritized for vaccination [8][10] Vaccination Coverage and Challenges - Current vaccination rates in China are low, estimated at only 2%-3%, which hinders the establishment of effective herd immunity [14][15] - Suggestions have been made to expand free vaccination programs to include more groups, such as school staff and public transport workers, to improve overall vaccination rates [15][16]

Core Viewpoint - The introduction of the first domestic nine-valent HPV vaccine and its expanded vaccination range marks a significant step towards increasing accessibility and affordability of HPV vaccines in China, potentially leading to a "cervical cancer elimination" strategy [3][5]. Group 1: HPV Vaccine Market Overview - Currently, there are six approved HPV vaccines in China, with three being imported and three domestic. The market has been dominated by imported products, particularly Merck's and GSK's vaccines, which accounted for over 90% of the market share [3]. - The entry of domestic vaccines, such as those from Wantai Biological Pharmacy, has led to a decrease in prices and improved accessibility for the population [3]. Group 2: National Immunization Planning - The recent announcement by the State Council to include HPV vaccines in the national immunization program is expected to enhance vaccination rates, as evidenced by international examples where such programs have been implemented [3][4]. - As of now, specific implementation details regarding the national immunization plan for HPV vaccines have not been disclosed, but experts anticipate a phased approach prioritizing key demographics [5]. Group 3: Target Demographics and Public Health Strategy - University students are identified as a key demographic for HPV prevention, as proactive measures during this stage can yield high health investment returns [5]. - The importance of "gender-neutral vaccination" is emphasized, as studies indicate that widespread vaccination can significantly reduce cervical cancer cases and provide indirect protection to partners through herd immunity [6].

Core Insights - The first domestically produced nine-valent HPV vaccine has opened for appointments and is being administered nationwide, with the vaccination range expanded to ages 9 to 17 [1] - Currently, there are six approved HPV vaccines in China, with three being imported and three domestically produced, previously dominated by imported products [1] - The inclusion of HPV vaccines in the national immunization program is expected to enhance accessibility and contribute to the goal of "eliminating cervical cancer" [1][2] Group 1 - The domestic HPV vaccine market is seeing increased competition, leading to a decrease in prices and improved accessibility for the population [1] - As of now, 149 countries have included HPV vaccines in their national immunization programs, with an average vaccination rate of about 60% [1] - Countries like Canada, Australia, and the UK have achieved high vaccination rates of 86%, 71%, and 68% respectively in 2023 [1] Group 2 - Australia's multi-tiered service system for HPV vaccination includes school-based programs and community clinics, which could serve as a model for China's implementation [2] - Experts predict that the rollout of free HPV vaccines in China will be phased, initially targeting key populations before expanding to a broader audience [2] - The focus on university students as a key demographic for HPV prevention is based on public health strategies, emphasizing the high return on investment for health measures during this stage [2] Group 3 - The concept of "gender-neutral vaccination" is gaining traction, with studies indicating that widespread vaccination can significantly reduce cervical cancer cases by 90% [3] - Vaccination of both males and females can establish strong herd immunity, reducing the transmission of HPV and protecting the entire population [3] - The latest guidelines advocate for the importance of HPV vaccination for both genders, highlighting the broader health benefits of such an approach [3]

Core Viewpoint - Prevention of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant public health concern, with a focus on the university student demographic as a key target group for vaccination and awareness efforts [1][2]. Group 1: HPV Prevention Strategies - The concept of "gender co-prevention" is emphasized as a crucial strategy for successful HPV prevention, advocating for both males and females to receive vaccinations to establish herd immunity and reduce virus transmission [1][2]. - The recent "Healthy Campus Basketball Challenge" event aimed to combine sports with health education, enhancing awareness among university students about HPV prevention [1]. Group 2: HPV Infection Insights - HPV is a large family of viruses with over 200 identified types, affecting various body parts, and is linked to nearly all cases of cervical cancer [2]. - Male HPV infection is significant, with over 90% of men likely to be infected at least once in their lifetime, which can lead to various health issues [2]. Group 3: HPV Vaccine Information - Different types of HPV vaccines are available in China, including bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent vaccines, each covering varying numbers of HPV types [3]. - The nonavalent vaccine is recommended for university students, providing broader protection against multiple HPV types [3].