最近，教育部办公厅公布了2025年本科层次职业教育专业设置备案结果。让人惊讶的是，在职业本科专 业的设置中，有不少应用型高校的身影。比如滇西应用技术大学获批"智能化农业装备技术""茶叶生产 与应用技术""珠宝首饰工程技术""医养照护与管理""全媒体电商运营"5个职业本科专业；上海工程技术 大学新增了"机械设计制造及自动化"和"智能控制技术"两个职业本科专业；上海第二工业大学获批 了"智能制造工程技术"职业本科专业；上海电机学院获批了"电气工程及自动化"职业本科专业；四川工 业科技学院获批了"无人机系统应用技术"职业本科专业。 三是有利于提升高技能人才培养质量。应用型本科高校举办职业本科专业的价值和意义，不仅仅是有利 于职业本科教育招生规模的扩大，更重要的在于促进高技能人才培养质量的提升。 客观地说，当前虽然已经有87所职业型本科高校，但是，由于升本时间较短，职业本科教育还处于起步 阶段，要想培养出大批高质量的高技能人才是不现实的。更何况由于职业型高校过去对职业学科建设、 职业科学研究及其理论教学重视不够，在短期内也难以提升，即其高等教育属性的短板将在较长时期内 仍然存在，这些短板必然影响其本科层次人才的培养。 ...

本文字数：2180，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财 经 林靖 2025年高考录取结果近日出炉，各校分数线揭晓。从分数线看，多所职业院校爆红，部分职业本科 分数线比肩双一流大学。 今年，深圳职业技术大学在招生计划翻倍的情况下，省内外物理、历史类录取的考生均100%超特控 线，生源质量再创新高。高分段录取考生人数增加显著，物理类600分以上考生10人。广东省内物理 类录取910人，同比增长104.5%。录取最高分617分，超特控线83分，超本科线181分，排位15707 位；最低分566分，超特控线32分，超本科线130分。 今年成功升本的深圳信息职业技术大学，在广东的投档线中，物理类专业组最低分566分，超本科线 130分，超特控线32分；投档最高分600分，超本科线164分，超特控线66分。 深圳职业技术大学和深圳信息职业技术大学，今年在广东的投档分数线也超过了部分双一流高校。 厦门大学经济学系副教授丁长发对第一财经分析，这两所高校处在深圳这样的一线城市，深圳有这么 强大的产业链，需要大量的应用型人才。 深圳之外，还有一大批职业本科分数线也十分亮眼。其中，在浙江省普高录取中，金华职业技术大学 今年最高分 ...

点击上图▲立即收听 " 课程设置模仿普通本科，以理论教学为主，缺乏职业本科应有的注重实践培养特色，很少有企业背景的老师参与授课，几乎没有前往企业实操的机会。 " 文 / 巴九灵（微信公众号：吴晓波频道） 从民办职业本科毕业一年后的小王已抛弃专业所学，成了武汉的一名夜班销售。 另一位从公办职业本科毕业的小张正惴惴不安地 "二战"考公考编。 近日，郑州铁路职业技术学院的 "招本"计划，冲上热搜。 其动车组检修技术、高速铁路综合维修技术、铁道交通运营管理专业招收 45个本科生。 动车维修人员多为大专本科以上学历 据智联招聘： 2024届高校毕业生的单位就业率为55.5%，其他主要为慢就业（19.1%）、自由职业（13.7%）、国内继续学习（6.5%）。 与之形成鲜明对比的是，该校近三年毕业生就业率均超 90%。 "本升专"现象，凸显了近些年高歌猛进的职业教育。尤其上半年，教育部新设32所职业本科院校，全国职业本科大学数量达87所。 为此，小巴和职业本科生、高职管理层及培训机构负责人聊了聊，获得些一线观察。 小王们的忧伤： 不仅仅是吃螃蟹的人 2020年，带着"赌"的成分，希冀掌握一门在经济趋缓下混饭吃的手艺，小王成 ...

2025.07. 06 本文字数：1418，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 林靖 近日，郑州铁路职业技术学院2025年单独考试招生章程中，多个专业备注招生的对象是本科毕业 生，引起了外界广泛关注。 在《郑州铁路职业技术学院2025年单独考试招生章程》中，有三个专业的备注栏注明"本科毕业 生"。这三个专业分别是动车组检修技术、高速铁路综合维修技术、铁道交通运营管理。三个专业的 招生计划都是45人。 对于很多本科及以上的大学毕业生本身而言，理论水平较高，技能操作却是短板，与企业对一线技能 型人才的需求形成了结构性矛盾。尤其是随着我国的产业转型升级，当前产业正加快向高端化、智能 化、绿色化迈进，需要大量既有较高理论水平又具备娴熟技能的高素质技能人才。 华南一家跨境电商企业负责人孙先生告诉第一财经记者，随着产业的转型升级，企业需要越来越多的 复合型人才，既要有很强的技术技能，同时也要有扎实的理论知识基础，人才的职业发展潜力也会更 大。 面对这一人才需求，职业本科应运而生。 这不是该校第一年在单招工作中招本科毕业生。根据该校2018年单独考试招生章程，当年的招生专 业中，就有专业面向本科毕业生招生。 招生章程显 ...

Group 1 - The Ministry of Education has announced the establishment of 57 new undergraduate institutions this year, including 36 vocational schools and 3 new research universities [1] - Vocational undergraduate institutions have shown strong performance in recent admissions, with many exceeding the scores of traditional undergraduate programs, indicating a close link between regional industrial development and talent cultivation [3] - The planned enrollment scale for vocational undergraduate institutions this year is set to reach 550,000, marking a rapid development from the first batch of "vocational undergraduate universities" established in 2019, with a total of 87 such institutions now in existence [4] Group 2 - New research universities differ from traditional institutions by focusing on a small number of specialized disciplines aimed at key national technology sectors, ensuring closer alignment with industry needs [6] - Dongfang University of Technology in Ningbo, Zhejiang, is concentrating on six cutting-edge technology fields, with plans to enroll 70 students in its first undergraduate cohort [6]

Group 1 - The core focus of the article is on the expansion of higher education in China, particularly the establishment of new undergraduate institutions and the rise of vocational undergraduate education since 2025 [1][3] - As of June 23, 2025, the Ministry of Education has announced 57 new undergraduate institutions, including 36 vocational schools and 3 new research-oriented universities [1][3] - The plan aims to increase the enrollment scale of vocational undergraduate institutions to 550,000 by 2025, reflecting a rapid development in vocational education since the first vocational undergraduate universities were established in 2019 [4][6] Group 2 - Vocational undergraduate institutions emphasize practical skills and are designed to meet the demand for high-skilled talent in the workforce, with a focus on hands-on training [7][16] - The vocational undergraduate programs are not merely extensions of associate degrees but are systematically restructured to ensure that their diplomas hold the same value as traditional undergraduate degrees [7][16] - Key performance indicators for vocational undergraduate programs include 100% completion of practical training projects and at least 50% of total course hours dedicated to practical teaching [9][11] Group 3 - Many vocational undergraduate institutions have shown impressive admission scores, often exceeding those of traditional undergraduate programs, indicating a shift in perception regarding vocational education [12][15] - For instance, Shenzhen Vocational University achieved a maximum admission score of 600 in the physics category, surpassing the provincial control line by 158 points [14] - The rise in admission scores for vocational programs reflects the growing alignment between regional industrial development and talent cultivation [15] Group 4 - New research-oriented universities are characterized by a focused curriculum aimed at key national technology sectors, with a small and specialized academic structure [25][27] - Ningbo Oriental University of Technology plans to recruit 70 students in 2025, focusing on cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence and smart manufacturing, with personalized mentorship from experienced professors [27][29] - The Bay Area University in Guangdong aims to recruit 80 students, offering a diverse range of programs and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to meet the needs of modern industries [31][32]

Core Insights - The article discusses the development and challenges of vocational undergraduate education in China, highlighting the establishment of 51 vocational undergraduate institutions that have successfully enrolled students as of 2024 [2][4]. Group 1: Development of Vocational Undergraduate Education - The Chinese government initiated vocational undergraduate education trials in 2019, leading to the establishment of 51 vocational undergraduate institutions by 2024, marking a stable development phase [2][3]. - The first "Vocational Undergraduate Frontier Forum" was held to discuss the positioning, quality, and future development of vocational undergraduate education [1][2]. Group 2: Quality and Challenges of Vocational Undergraduate Institutions - The quality of education in the 51 vocational undergraduate institutions is under scrutiny, with challenges in funding, resource distribution, and practical training facilities [3][4]. - Despite a growing number of enrollments, the institutions face pressure from traditional views on vocational education and competition from prestigious universities [4][5]. Group 3: Employment Outcomes and Industry Alignment - Graduates from vocational undergraduate programs are expected to meet industry demands, with specific training tailored to sectors like pharmaceuticals and oil [8][10]. - The initial employment rate for graduates from Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Vocational University reached 98.01%, indicating strong industry alignment [8]. Group 4: Future Directions and Industry Collaboration - The article emphasizes the need for deeper collaboration between vocational institutions and industries to address the "hot school, cold enterprise" issue, ensuring that educational programs meet real-world needs [9][11]. - Companies like Huawei are increasingly involved in vocational education, indicating a shift towards a dual approach where schools adapt to industry requirements [11].

Core Points - The Ministry of Education has approved 32 new vocational universities, bringing the total to 83, indicating a rapid development of vocational undergraduate education [1] - The focus of vocational education is to cultivate skilled talents that meet the needs of economic and social development, aligning with national strategies for building a strong education and technology system [1][3] - Experts emphasize the importance of integrating education with industry to enhance the relevance and effectiveness of vocational training [5][7] Group 1: Development of Vocational Education - The approval of 23 vocational undergraduate universities marks a significant step in the expansion of vocational education in China [1] - The 2014 State Council document initiated the exploration of undergraduate vocational education, aiming to transform some regular universities into application-oriented institutions [1][2] - The vocational undergraduate education aims to produce graduates with higher theoretical knowledge and technical skills compared to traditional undergraduate and associate degree programs [2] Group 2: Industry Integration - The integration of education and industry is crucial for aligning vocational training with market needs, as highlighted by various educational leaders [5][6] - The focus on specific industries, such as manufacturing and technology, is evident in the curriculum of newly established vocational universities [3][6] - Successful models, like the collaboration between vocational schools and local industries, demonstrate the effectiveness of practical training and real-world experience for students [7][8] Group 3: Future Directions - The concept of "new dual high" emphasizes high-quality integration of education and industry, guiding vocational institutions towards modern educational frameworks [6] - The need for vocational education to adapt to trends such as smart, green, and high-end industries is highlighted, necessitating innovative approaches in curriculum design [8] - The establishment of specialized vocational universities, such as the proposed Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational University, reflects a targeted approach to meet regional industry demands [8]

作 者丨王峰 编 辑丨李博 图 源丨摄图网 此后，国内又陆续设置了几所民办本科职业高校，但截至2023年末，总数停留在22所。民办 本科职业教育招生规模占高等职业教育招生规模的比例有限。 2025年高考临近，23所新高校值得关注。 5月22日，教育部对拟同意设置的本科高等学校进行公示，其中包括设立芜湖职业技术大学等 23所本科层次职业学校，即职业本科高校。 截至目前，国内已设立和拟设立的职业本科高校共83所 。我国提出，到2025年，职业本科教 育招生规模不低于高等职业教育招生规模的10%，也就是每年50万人左右，但2023年仅招生 将近9万人。 此 次 新 设 2 3 所 职 业 本 科 高 校 ， 包 括 位 于 广 东 、 浙 江 、 江 苏 等 经 济 发 达 地 区 的 多 所"双高"职业院校，料将吸引大量高考考生报考，壮大职业本科规模。 对于高考考生来说，职业本科高校还是一个新生事物。这些高校过往招收了怎样的生源，职业 本科适合什么样的考生报考，如何招收更多高质量生源，既关乎学校发展，也是广大考生的关 切。 职业本科升格路径 我国职业教育长期处在中专、大专层次办学，提出本科职业教育不过十几年时间。 ...

我国新设立本科院校主要集中在职业本科，是为了加强本科层次的高等职业教育，推进高等教育形成合理的人才 培养结构，也是我国建设技能型社会对相关人才的客观需求。这对于职业教育来说无疑是利好，同时也提醒我们，设 置职业本科院校要重视速度，更要重视质量，所有职业本科院校都应坚持职业教育定位，不能一味参照普通本科院校 的办学经验，而是要以就业为导向培养高素质技能人才。 为了把职业教育办成具有特色的类型教育，我国于2019年新批准设立了一类本科院校职业本科——职业技术大 学。这些大学大多从高职院校"升格"而来，但要求必须保留"职业技术"字样，目的就是要避免它们偏离职业教育定 位。 发展职业本科院校，是我国加强职业教育、建设高质量职业教育体系的重点工作。2021年中办、国办印发《关于 推动现代职业教育高质量发展的意见》提出，到2025年办学格局更加优化，办学条件大幅改善，职业本科教育招生规 模不低于高等职业教育招生规模的10%。但我们目前距离这一目标还有差距。去年，我国新设置了24所本科高等学 校，其中13所为职业本科院校，相比之下，今年新增的职业本科院校更多，当然这不是为了完成目标，而是基于我国 高等教育的现实结构和社会对 ...