4. 收集高质量信息，以便对各种方案进行比较和选择。 5. 寻找和选择优秀和/或独特的解决方案。 本文是关于管理决策过程的文章，是菲利普·德克尔教授和乔丹·米切尔教授撰写的关于自我设限型领导 力文章。 管理决策过程中的自我设限 所有领导者都需要做决策——有些决策需要复杂的分析，有些则像抛硬币一样简单。无论哪种方式，领 导者都会面临许多自身局限，这些局限会阻碍他们发挥最佳能力解决问题。 自我设限可能会损害决策的某些方面，例如： 1. 选择问题。 2. 定义问题。 3. 组建决策团队。 6. 决策的执行过程。 7. 监测决策结果。 在这些领域中的任何一个失误都可能导致糟糕的决策结果。任何人只需上网浏览各种"七步模型"，就能 成为这些流程的"专家"，但了解领导者可能采取哪些措施来阻碍这些流程，才是卓越领导力的关键。 导致（糟糕的）管理决策的因素是什么？ 决策可能基于情绪，也可能在未充分考虑其他方案或信息的情况下做出。领导者也可能因为目光短浅、 试图取悦所有人或因害怕承担责任而逃避决策，从而做出糟糕的决定。 基于个人喜好而非机构及其使命做出决策，显然会对所有相关方造成负面影响。好的决策应充分考虑个 人或团队的认知，评 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of emotional value and self-worth, suggesting that individuals should cultivate their own emotional strength rather than relying on others for validation and support [1][2][3]. Group 1: Emotional Value - Emotional value refers to the ability to bring positive emotions to others, but some individuals tend to seek emotional support from others instead of nurturing their own self-love [2][3]. - The article encourages individuals to become "emotional banks" by focusing on self-improvement and emotional resilience [4]. Group 2: Self-Improvement Strategies - **Stop Self-Denial**: Individuals often seek emotional value due to low self-esteem and self-worth. It is crucial to support oneself unconditionally and recognize one's unique existence [5]. - **Avoid Rumination**: The article discusses the negative impact of rumination, where individuals repeatedly dwell on past negative events, leading to emotional depletion. It advises against overthinking and emphasizes the importance of living in the present [6][7][9]. - **Restore Subjectivity**: People with low self-worth tend to care excessively about others' opinions. The article highlights the importance of being the main character in one's life and focusing on personal goals and growth [10]. - **Avoid Self-Limiting Beliefs**: Self-limiting beliefs are described as defense mechanisms that prevent individuals from achieving their potential. The article encourages individuals to overcome these barriers and take action without preconceived limitations [11][13][15]. Group 3: Conclusion - The best source of emotional value comes from within oneself. The article outlines four key strategies to enhance self-worth: stop self-denial, avoid rumination, restore subjectivity, and avoid self-limiting beliefs [16].