文|孑亥史谈 编辑|孑亥史谈 在拉丁美洲这个贫富差距巨大的区域，有一个国家却悄悄地走出了常规，成了别人家的孩子，智利人均 国民收入远超周边邻国，出口结构多元化，政局稳定，廉政指数高得不像拉美国家。 这到底是运气好，还是有章法？靠着一堆矿石和几十份贸易协定，智利居然成了南美洲最富裕的国家， 问题来了它是怎么做到的？又真能一直富下去吗？ 靠资源起家，却不靠资源活命 很多国家手里握着资源，却被资源拖了后腿，智利一开始也差不多，70年代，铜矿几乎是它的全部经济 命脉，铜价一跌，国家就跟着喘不过气，1972年通胀率飙到150%，街头连基本食物都买不到，经济烂 到家。 但从1973年开始皮诺切特军政府上台后请来了一批芝加哥训练出来的经济学家，彻底推翻了原来那套国 家主导经济的老路子。 他们拿出了一份叫《El Ladrillo》的改革方案，目标很明确让市场来干活，让国家少插手，说白了，就 是控制通胀、放开市场、吸引外资。 怎么做的？他们一口气把大批国有企业卖掉，但保留了铜矿国企Codelco的控制权，这其实是精明之 举。 一方面靠铜矿稳定基本盘，一方面又把经济其他部分交给市场去跑，保守中带着冒险。 政治稳定不是"送的"是一 ...

Group 1 - India's Prime Minister Modi emphasized the importance of a free economy for both India and the world, highlighting India's role in contributing to global development while serving its own population of 1.4 billion [4][5] - The visit to Japan is significant for restoring the tradition of annual leader meetings, which will facilitate discussions on domestic and international issues and explore new areas of cooperation [6] - Economic security and supply chain strengthening are key areas of cooperation between India and Japan, with initiatives like the launch of Suzuki's first electric vehicle and joint projects involving Toshiba and Denso [7] Group 2 - Talent exchange between India and Japan is expected to grow, leveraging India's young and skilled workforce to contribute to Japan's industries while benefiting from Japanese technology and investment [8] - The Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail project is highlighted as a crucial collaboration between India and Japan, with plans for a larger high-speed rail network in India [9] - The Quad framework, involving India, Japan, the US, and Australia, is evolving to address broader issues such as maritime security, health security, and infrastructure resilience [10] Group 3 - The BRICS group is recognized as an important multilateral entity focused on reforming global governance and enhancing the voice of the Global South, particularly in the context of current global challenges [11][12] - Modi called for reforms in international organizations like the UN Security Council and the Bretton Woods system to better address 21st-century challenges and ensure the Global South's representation [13] - Japan's increasing transfer of semiconductor and LCD panel technologies to India is noted, with India establishing six semiconductor bases and four under construction, aiming for significant domestic production [14] Group 4 - Defense cooperation with Japan is a priority, focusing on partnerships in defense equipment and technology, including discussions on transferring naval communication technology [15] - The collaboration between Indian states and Japanese prefectures is deepening, with numerous Indian state leaders visiting Japan to promote investment and tourism [16]

Core Viewpoint - The vitality of the economy and society is rooted in a relaxed regulatory environment that allows for freedom and creativity, encapsulated in the principle of "law permits what is not prohibited" [1][6]. Group 1: Regulatory Changes - Beijing's recent announcement allows large public events and temporary commercial activities without prior approval from fire safety departments, aiming to revive urban vibrancy and economic activity [2][4]. - The shift from strict regulations to a more permissive approach is expected to restore the lively atmosphere of cities, which has been diminished by excessive regulation in the past [2][3]. Group 2: Economic and Social Vitality - Economic vitality is not achieved through strict control but through creating a legal and free order that respects individual rights to pursue happiness [3][5]. - The recent changes in Beijing serve as a model for other regions, encouraging a return of public life and economic activity that has been stifled by overregulation [3][4]. Group 3: Governance and Public Services - Effective governance should replace excessive control with public services that ensure safety and order without stifling economic activity [4][5]. - There is a need for a balanced approach that allows for economic freedom while maintaining necessary safety regulations, ensuring that public safety is integrated into business operations [5][6]. Group 4: Consumer Awareness - Increasing consumer awareness of rights and risks is essential, with a focus on educating the public about safety measures and potential hazards in commercial activities [6]. - The promotion of risk awareness among consumers will help safeguard the vibrant street life and economic activities that are being encouraged by the new regulations [6].

Group 1 - The trade tensions between the US and EU have escalated, with President Trump suggesting a direct 50% tariff on the EU due to stalled negotiations [3] - European stock markets reacted negatively, with the Stoxx Europe 600 index down 1.9%, the German DAX down 2.3%, and the French CAC40 down 2.8% [3] - The US bond market experienced significant fluctuations, with the 30-year Treasury yield reaching a high of 5.1% earlier in the week before declining [5] Group 2 - Moody's downgraded the US credit rating, citing concerns over the expanding budget deficit and high financing costs of existing debt [6] - European bond yields fell across the board, with the 10-year German bond yield dropping 8.3 basis points to 2.556% [6] - In the Asia-Pacific market, Japanese bond yields also decreased, with the 10-year yield down 1.8 basis points to 1.543% [8]