新华社金边8月24日电 专访：上合组织为维护地区和平、促进世界发展提供务实典范——访柬埔寨皇 家科学院国际关系研究所所长金平 新华社记者吴长伟 金平说，上合组织倡导相互尊重、主权平等，推动和平安全合作，也有助于构建多极化世界秩序和国际 公平正义。 "越来越多的国家渴望加入上合组织，反映出国际社会渴望在一个非霸权、基于规则的区域秩序中建立 伙伴关系。"金平说。 他说，"上合大家庭"成员不断增加，体现了各国对基于主权平等和政治互信的多边主义合作的强烈支持 和期盼。上合组织合作不附加任何意识形态或政治条件，坚持秉持共识、不干涉内政和尊重各国发展道 路原则，这创造了一个可预测的环境，有助于各方建立信任。 柬埔寨皇家科学院国际关系研究所所长金平日前在接受新华社记者专访时表示，上海合作组织成立24年 来在推动全球和平、安全、发展方面发挥着日益重要的作用，有助于推动多极化世界发展和国际公平正 义。 金平表示，上合组织已从一个区域安全机制逐步发展成促进政治、经济和文化合作的多元平台，其发展 历程体现了各成员国在"上海精神"指引下不断完善机制建设并建立信任。"上海精神"主张和倡导互信、 互利、平等、协商、尊重多样文明、谋求共同 ...

据报道，2025年7月9日，美国总统特朗普在社交媒体抛出一枚贸易"炸弹"：自8月1日起，对巴西商品征收的关税将从10%飙升至 50%。这记突如其来的关税大棒，让巴西成为金砖国家中首个被重点打击的对象。特朗普在公开信中指责巴西"破坏贸易平衡"，甚 至将矛头指向巴西前总统博索纳罗的司法案件，声称这是对"政治盟友"的迫害。然而数据揭示荒诞一幕——美国商务部统计显示， 过去十年美国对巴西累计贸易顺差高达4100亿美元。"要征税也该是我们征"，巴西总统卢拉在圣埃斯皮里图州的演讲中直指美方逻 辑漏洞，"美国才是真正的受益者"。 卢拉（资料图） 这场风暴早有预兆。就在关税威胁前三天，里约热内卢的金砖国家峰会刚落下帷幕。峰会联合声明虽未点名美国，但明确批评"单 边关税违反世贸原则，扰乱全球供应链"。特朗普随即在6日发文威胁对支持金砖"反美政策"的国家加征10%关税。美媒"政客"新闻 网揭露，真正激怒特朗普的是金砖国家推动的"去美元化"进程。卢拉在峰会期间直言："像巴西这样的国家没有义务继续使用美元 贸易，我们可以用本币与中国、欧盟甚至任何国家交易。"这番话戳中了美国霸权的敏感神经。前白宫战略师班农坦言："总统每次 看到金砖国 ...

Core Points - The article discusses the escalating trade tensions between the United States and Brazil, particularly following President Trump's announcement of a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods, which has been met with strong resistance from Brazilian President Lula [1][2][4]. Trade Policy Impact - The U.S. plans to impose high tariffs on goods from Brazil and 14 other countries starting August 1, 2025, significantly affecting Brazil's economy, especially its major exports like coffee, beef, and orange juice [4][6]. - Brazil's response includes legal measures to counteract the U.S. tariffs, indicating a readiness for a trade conflict [6][13]. Political Context - Trump's tariff decision appears to be politically motivated rather than economically justified, as the trade balance shows a surplus of $6.8 billion for the U.S. from Brazil [9][11]. - The tariffs are seen as a reaction to Brazil's shift in foreign policy under Lula, moving closer to China and away from U.S. influence [11][12]. Brazil's Economic Alliances - Brazil's economic ties with China are strengthening, with bilateral trade reaching $188.17 billion in 2024, compared to $72.2 billion with the U.S. [15]. - Brazil is diversifying its economic partnerships, reducing reliance on the U.S. market, and exploring new opportunities through cooperation with China [17][19]. Conclusion - The trade conflict highlights Brazil's determination to defend its economic interests and sovereignty against U.S. unilateralism, with China's role as a significant ally in this context [19].

观察者网消息，以回击巴西现政府对前总统博索纳罗的"政治猎巫"为由，美国总统特朗普日前公开致函巴 西总统卢拉，宣布美国将从8月1日把对巴西进口商品的关税从10%一举调高到50%。无论是50%这个本轮 最高的"对等税率"，还是美方这次颇为"特别"的征税理由，都令特朗普此举受到国际社会瞩目。 尽管特朗普强调，他是为了帮盟友博索纳罗伸张正义，但据美国"政客"新闻网7月10日披露，特朗普这一 决定背后的缘由，早已超出贸易范畴，涉及地缘政治考量。报道援引四名知情人士说法称，真正"惹火"特 朗普的，是上周在巴西里约热内卢召开的金砖国家峰会，他长期不满金砖内部"去美元化"的努力。 "金砖国家打翻了天平" 特朗普是9日在其自创社交平台Truth Social上发布上述公开信的。特朗普在信中声称，美国和巴西长期存 在不公平的贸易关系，指控巴西对待博索纳罗的方式是"国际耻辱"，50%的关税是美国对巴西现政府"迫 害"博索纳罗这位"全世界都高度尊敬的领导人"的回应。 在特朗普看来，博索纳罗的遭遇与他自己如出一辙。和特朗普一样，博索纳罗也声称自己在连任选举中落 败是"被操纵"的结果，而他的支持者在巴西首都也上演了类似于美国"国会山骚乱 ...

Group 1 - India's unexpected decisive vote at the BRICS summit signifies a shift in its diplomatic stance, moving away from its traditional "strategic ambiguity" towards a more assertive position [1][3][5] - The approval of a $35 billion loan from the New Development Bank for infrastructure projects in India may have influenced this change, highlighting the country's growing reliance on alternative partnerships [5][13] - The U.S. threats of imposing a 500% tariff on India-Russia energy transactions have exposed the fragility of U.S.-India relations, prompting India to reassess its alliances [5][10] Group 2 - Trump's aggressive response to India's vote, including threats of a 10% tariff on countries supporting anti-American policies, reflects the increasing tensions in U.S. foreign trade relations [8][10] - The potential impact of the 10% tariff could affect up to $280 billion in trade, illustrating the significant economic stakes involved [10][12] - The internal dissent in the U.S. regarding tariffs, with consumers facing increased costs and protests erupting, indicates a growing backlash against the administration's trade policies [10][12] Group 3 - The BRICS nations now account for 32% of global GDP, surpassing the G7, which suggests a shift in global economic power dynamics [13][24] - The trend towards de-dollarization is gaining momentum, with the share of transactions in local currencies rising from 5% to 35%, challenging the dominance of the U.S. dollar [13][24] - The unity among BRICS countries in the face of U.S. threats indicates a potential reconfiguration of global alliances and trade relationships [17][24] Group 4 - The evolving geopolitical landscape may lead to new investment opportunities as currencies like the Chinese yuan, Indian rupee, and Brazilian real gain international prominence [20][24] - Companies are advised to diversify their market strategies to mitigate risks associated with over-reliance on the U.S. market [18][20] - The transition towards a multipolar world order may create a more equitable global trading environment, but it also presents challenges such as currency fluctuations and supply chain adjustments [22][24]

Group 1 - The article discusses President Trump's announcement of a 10% tariff on countries aligning with anti-American policies of BRICS nations, which include Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa [2] - BRICS has recently expanded to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran, and the UAE, with additional partnerships from Belarus, Nigeria, Thailand, and Vietnam [2] - The U.S. government is set to send tariff letters to dozens of countries starting July 7, with a 90-day tariff suspension period ending soon [3][4] Group 2 - Treasury Secretary Becerra indicated that if trade agreements are not reached, tariffs could revert to levels seen in April, with potential rates starting at 10% and possibly reaching up to 70% [3][4] - Trump mentioned that letters regarding trade agreements would be sent to approximately 12 to 15 countries, with a deadline for agreements set for July 9 [3][4] - The article highlights that Brazil is hosting the BRICS summit, where leaders expressed serious concerns about unilateral tariffs and non-tariff measures, implicitly criticizing Trump's trade policies [5] Group 3 - Economists warn that Trump's trade war may increase consumer costs, with companies like Walmart planning to raise prices despite opposition from Trump [6] - The article notes that wholesale inflation in the U.S. has seen a slight increase, with the Producer Price Index (PPI) rising by 0.1% month-over-month and 2.6% year-over-year [6] - Former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers criticized the economic impact of tariffs, suggesting they could lead to inflation and reduced competitiveness for U.S. producers [6][7]

Group 1 - The core issue in the US-India trade negotiations is the unreasonable demands from the US, which include imposing tariffs on Indian automotive parts, steel, textiles, and requiring India to open its market to US products with zero tariffs [3] - India's manufacturing sector, which heavily relies on labor-intensive exports like textiles and footwear, is already struggling, with its contribution to GDP falling to 14.7%, the lowest since 1968 [3] - Agriculture and dairy products are critical sectors for India, accounting for 16% of GDP, and the Indian government has made it clear that zero tariffs on these products is a non-negotiable point in the trade talks [3][5] Group 2 - In response to US pressure, India has announced retaliatory tariffs and has filed a complaint with the WTO, positioning its actions as a compliant countermeasure [5] - Indian Prime Minister Modi is actively seeking support from BRICS nations, emphasizing the importance of this group in counterbalancing US unilateralism and advocating for a multipolar world order [5][6] - The effectiveness of BRICS in providing sufficient support to India remains uncertain, but India's willingness to stand firm against the US and seek allies marks a significant shift from previous conciliatory approaches [6]