（文章来源：每日经济新闻） 半导体设备ETF（159516）跟踪的是半导体材料设备指数（931743），该指数聚焦于半导体产业链上 游，从市场中选取涉及半导体硅片、光刻胶等关键材料以及蚀刻、沉积等核心设备制造领域的上市公司 证券作为指数样本，以全面反映半导体材料与设备相关行业的整体发展状况和市场表现。 资金面看，半导体设备ETF（159516）近20日净流入超33亿元，行业壁垒与增长潜力受关注。 广发证券指出，EDA行业是一门优质生意，其作为半导体产业链不可或缺的存在性工具，具备高壁垒 和抗周期性。行业壁垒主要体现在高强度的研发投入及上下游生态协作，商业模式以授权制为主，客户 黏性强、替代成本高，盈利质量较高。全球EDA市场规模从2018年不足100亿美元增长至目前150亿美 元以上，年均复合增速维持高个位数；国内EDA市场增长更为迅速，预计2025年规模近200亿元，年均 复合增速双位数以上。芯片复杂度提升、先进制程演进及定制ASIC市场扩张构成行业需求增长的三大 核心驱动。从格局看，EDA行业高度集中，三大国际巨头已实现全领域覆盖，国产厂商以点工具突破 为主，正逐步迈入能力整合与平台化阶段，未来行业并购将 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the challenges and risks associated with entering new industries, emphasizing that companies find it easier to develop within their core business areas due to established expertise and industry characteristics [3] - It highlights the concept of industry experience acting as a "moat" or high barrier to entry, making it difficult for companies to transition into unfamiliar fields [3] - The text suggests that while specialization can lead to success within a primary industry, venturing into new sectors can significantly increase risks and pressures on companies [3]

Core Viewpoint - The current state of the new energy industry is marked by significant layoffs, salary reductions, and increased competition among job seekers, particularly affecting mid to high-level management positions [1][2][3]. Group 1: Employment Trends - Many mid to high-level executives in the new energy sector are experiencing prolonged unemployment, with some remaining jobless for over six months [3]. - The industry is undergoing severe restructuring, leading to a high concentration of market share among the top companies, which leaves little room for smaller players [3][4]. - The number of companies in the sector has decreased significantly, resulting in fewer available positions for experienced professionals [10]. Group 2: Salary and Job Market Dynamics - Salary reductions are becoming common, with reports of executives accepting offers significantly lower than their previous earnings [9][10]. - The competition for entry-level positions has intensified, with companies increasingly demanding higher educational qualifications from new graduates [12][14]. - The average salary for fresh graduates in the industry ranges from 10,000 to 20,000 per month, with potential year-end bonuses [12]. Group 3: Industry Challenges - The volatility in raw material prices, particularly lithium carbonate, has severely impacted the financial health of many companies, leading to closures and layoffs [4][10]. - The barriers between different segments of the battery industry, such as power and storage, have become more pronounced, complicating transitions for professionals seeking to switch fields [6][9]. - The trend of long working hours and high performance expectations is prevalent, with many companies adopting a culture similar to that of the tech industry, albeit with lower compensation for overtime [14][15].