（来源：光明日报） 转自：光明日报 在青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州茫崖市冷湖镇的戈壁滩上，有一座"英雄地中四井"纪念碑，碑前矗 立的老式抽油机已静止多年。 1958年，这里原油喷涌，拉开了冷湖油田作为我国当时四大油田之一的序幕。在此后的20年里，数 万石油大军会聚于此，车辆来往不息，热闹非凡。 然而，随着资源逐渐枯竭，这座因石油而兴的城镇迅速衰落。冷湖面临着许多资源型城镇共同的困 境：资源枯竭后，出路何在？ "就像一座空城。"2015年，时任海西州住房和城乡建设局副局长的田才让调任冷湖时，这里常住人 口最少时不到300人，大量楼房空置，街道空旷。 当时的田才让只有一个念头："不能眼看着冷湖消失在我们手里。"他和同事们仔细梳理了当地所有 的资源与条件后，将希望寄托于发展旅游业。 于是，一场冷湖的转型探索，由此开始…… 拯救冷湖于消失边缘 随着冷湖台址获得国际认可，各大科研机构和高校的望远镜项目纷至沓来。如今已有12家单位14个 项目45台望远镜在冷湖天文观测基地落地建设，投资额达30亿元。其中，在已建成的33台望远镜中，墨 子巡天望远镜、太阳磁场精确测量中红外观测系统等5台投入科学观测，多应用巡天望远镜阵等27台 ...

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of enhancing independent innovation capabilities to seize the high ground in technological development and continuously generate new productive forces [1] Group 1: Research Achievements - The first batch of research results from the Chang'e 6 lunar sample was published in the journal "Science" on November 15, 2024, revealing that the volcanic lava in the landing area formed 2.83 billion years ago, indicating young magma activity on the moon's far side [2] - Key findings include insights into the moon's early impact history and the formation time of the Apollo Basin, providing critical evidence for understanding the late heavy bombardment of the moon [2] - The discovery of carbonaceous spherules in the lunar soil, which are rich in water and organic matter, offers new clues for exploring the sources of water on the moon's surface [2] Group 2: Future Research Directions - The team plans to continue research on the differences between the moon's near and far sides, leveraging existing technological advancements to deepen lunar sample studies [3] - The goal is to achieve further breakthroughs in understanding the moon's evolutionary history, contributing to planetary science and deep space exploration [3] Group 3: Challenges in Lunar Research - Lunar soil samples are extremely limited and precious, with Chang'e 6 returning only 1935.3 grams, and distribution among research institutions is strictly controlled [4] - Analyzing lunar samples requires optimized research methods due to the unique lunar environment, which poses high demands on instrument precision and technical accumulation [4] - A multidisciplinary team of over 30 researchers has been established to tackle these challenges and has already achieved significant results in the first batch of sample studies [4][5]

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of "analog planetary environments" teaching and training bases in China aims to enhance planetary science research and technology development for deep space exploration, particularly focusing on lunar and planetary environments [1][3]. Group 1: Teaching and Research Initiatives - Beijing University, in collaboration with several universities and research institutions, has created a "lunar underground space" teaching base at the volcanic lava tube in Jingpo Lake, Heilongjiang Province, to accumulate key technological reserves for deep space exploration [1]. - The teaching and research activities at the base emphasize the intersection of science and engineering, covering advanced fields such as geological exploration, underground structure CT imaging, embodied intelligent inspection, and digital twin technology [1]. Group 2: Technological Development - A team of 39 undergraduate students from Beijing University has developed a node-based seismometer and constructed a 3D model of the lava tube using seismic wave CT imaging technology [2]. - Two prototype robots, "Anteater" and "Salamander," have been developed for exploration in complex terrains, focusing on autonomous exploration and multifunctional operations [2]. Group 3: Future Plans and Goals - The "analog planetary environments" bases are expected to facilitate advancements in space mining and in-situ resource utilization technologies on the lunar surface [3]. - Future research will focus on lava tube exploration, digital twin modeling, planetary resource detection and development, and autonomous collaborative simulation training for robotic clusters, supporting manned lunar missions and the construction of international lunar research stations [3].

Core Insights - The recent findings from China's Chang'e 6 mission have unveiled significant aspects of the Moon's far side evolution, marking a shift in understanding lunar geology and history [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study reveals two distinct periods of basaltic volcanic activity on the Moon's far side, approximately 4.2 billion and 2.8 billion years ago, indicating sustained volcanic activity [2] - Ancient magnetic field data from the far side suggests that the Moon's magnetic field strength may have increased around 2.8 billion years ago, challenging the notion of a monotonous decline in lunar activity [2] - The water content in the mantle of the Moon's far side is significantly lower than that of the near side, indicating a "bifurcation" in water distribution within the Moon [2] - The basalt samples from the far side originate from a highly depleted source region, which may imply extreme depletion of the primordial lunar mantle or significant impact events that influenced the evolution of the Moon's deep layers [2] Group 2: Implications for Lunar Science - The successful outcomes of the Chang'e program exemplify the deep integration of science and engineering, positioning China to transition from a follower to a leader in planetary science [2]

Core Insights - The research results from the Chang'e 6 lunar samples have garnered significant attention in the international academic community, challenging long-established hypotheses and theories in lunar science [1][2] - The Chang'e 6 mission marks a pivotal moment for China's lunar research, transitioning from a "follower" to a leading position in the field [1] Group 1 - The Chang'e 6 mission successfully collected 1935.3 grams of lunar soil from the far side of the moon, initiating a new era in lunar sample research and establishing a foundation for China's prominence in lunar studies [1] - Chinese scientists have made numerous scientific breakthroughs using the Chang'e 6 lunar samples, including insights into the physical, mineral, and geochemical characteristics of the samples [2] - The mission has provided a new understanding of the distribution of lunar basalt and has allowed for the precise dating of the South Pole-Aitken basin's formation at 4.25 billion years ago, enhancing knowledge of early solar system impact history [2] Group 2 - Chinese scientists aim to establish a "Chinese school" of lunar research, leveraging the unique samples from the moon's far side to contribute original and groundbreaking findings in the field [2] - The ongoing success of China's lunar exploration program is expected to transition the country's planetary science from a "follower" to a "runner" position, potentially leading in certain areas and enriching humanity's understanding of the universe [2]

Core Insights - The establishment of China's first "lunar-like underground space" teaching and training base aims to support the national lunar exploration program and cultivate interdisciplinary planetary science talent [1][5] Group 1: Teaching and Research Base - The base is located in the volcanic lava tubes of Jingpo Lake, Heilongjiang Province, which closely resembles the underground environment of the Moon [1] - The teaching and research work at the base features a strong intersection of science and engineering, covering fields such as geological exploration, underground structure CT imaging, embodied intelligent inspection, and digital twin technologies [3] Group 2: Robotic Prototypes - Two prototype detection robots have been developed for complex terrain conditions: the "Anteater," a flexible-arm robot designed for autonomous exploration and multifunctional operations, and the "Salamander," a deformable soft-wheeled robot adept at navigating complex terrains [3] Group 3: Comparative Planetology Base - A comparative planetology teaching and training base has also been established in a meteorite crater in Liaoning Province, which serves as a reference for understanding impact crater features on other celestial bodies [4] - These bases provide platforms for planetary science education and research, advancing technologies for in-situ resource utilization on the Moon [4] Group 4: Future of Embodied Intelligence - The development of embodied intelligence is expected to replace humans in hazardous tasks, with the potential to surpass human capabilities by 2045, facilitating exploration beyond Earth [4] - The bases are seen as training grounds for embodied intelligence technologies, contributing to the deep integration of science, technology, and engineering in building a strong planetary science nation [4]