Group 1 - The core idea of the article revolves around the identification of environmental factors that accelerate biological aging, which increases the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes [1][2]. - A large-scale study conducted by Stanford University scientists analyzed thousands of middle-aged individuals to uncover unexpected factors contributing to accelerated aging [2][3]. Group 2 - The study utilized two main research tools: Exposome and epigenetic clocks to systematically investigate the relationship between environmental chemicals and aging [4][5][7][8]. - The Exposome encompasses all environmental factors a person is exposed to throughout their life, influencing gene activity and aging speed [5][6]. Group 3 - The research identified three major accelerators of aging: smoking, cadmium, and lead [13]. - Higher levels of cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, were linked to increased biological aging, with a standard deviation increase in cotinine leading to a 1.40-year acceleration in the GrimAge clock [15][16][17]. Group 4 - Cadmium was found to be the most significant biological aging accelerator, with a standard deviation increase in serum cadmium resulting in a 1.23-year increase in GrimAge and a 0.02 unit increase in DunedinPoAm [19][20][21]. - Lead exposure was also significantly associated with accelerated aging, with a standard deviation increase in blood lead levels correlating to a 0.73-year increase in GrimAge [28][30]. Group 5 - Interestingly, exposure to certain toxic chemicals like dioxins and PCBs was associated with a decrease in epigenetic age, suggesting a complex relationship between toxicity and biological aging [33][34]. - The study proposed a "debt potential" hypothesis, where exposure to these toxins may lead to the production of younger immune cells as a compensatory mechanism [36][37]. Group 6 - Positive factors influencing slower aging included beneficial dietary components and higher socioeconomic status, which were linked to better health outcomes and slower biological aging [40][41][42]. - The research emphasized that individuals can actively manage their "exposome" to slow down aging, highlighting the importance of lifestyle choices such as quitting smoking and maintaining a diverse diet [45][48].

2015 年，韩国仁荷大学的研究人员在对公元 1392-1910 年之间的朝鲜皇家各成员血统纪录进行仔细分析 后发现，一个世纪前，太监 （被阉割的男性） 也比其他男性活得更久，其平均寿命要比正常男性长 14- 19 年。 不仅如此，阉割延长寿命这一观点在中国的封建王朝历史中也得到体现。据《中国帝王皇后亲王公主世系 录》记载，中国历代帝王平均寿命只有 40 岁，而那些服侍他们的太监，平均寿命却高达 71 岁。 而近期发表的一系列研究成果， 揭示了雄性寿命更短背后的"幕后黑手"—— 雄激素 。 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 长寿长生是人类永恒的愿景。有趣的是，在哺乳动物中， 雌性通常比雄性寿命更长，人类也不例外 。据世 界卫生组织和联合国人口组织统计，全球范围内男性平均寿命比女性要短 5-10 年。据统计，2022 年中国 男性平均预期寿命为 76.5 岁，女性则为 82.9 岁，差距同样十分明显。 2023 年 5 月，得克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥健康科学中心长寿与衰老研究所的 James Nelson 教授团队在 Aging Cell 期刊发表了题为： Prepubertal castration eliminate ...