美国是权力分散的政体，政府效率不如前苏，但权力制衡的刚性更强，自带试错机制，能避免一条路走到黑。相比之下，前苏的玉米计划，最终有 62% 的 田地颗粒无收。 前苏输在了什么地方？ 首先输在总量追求，牺牲了效率，从而也失去了居民部门的内生力。被称为 "玉米狂人" 的赫鲁晓夫，在 1957 年宣布要在二十年内让 GDP 超过美国。其实 这不过是早期目标的延续 —— 苏共早在 1939 年就已提出，要在十到十五年内赶超美国。这种 "人定胜天" 的愿景，从来都是人算不如天算。1975 年，前苏 统计的 GDP 占美国比重达到 67%，成为难以突破的天花板，此后便失去了可持续性；到 1991 年，这一占比仅为 12.12%。为什么会失去可持续性？ d Frimma n a , 21 21 很多人把前苏的失败归结为西方文化的入侵，这种问题不争论，我对立场相关的东西，从来不感兴趣。诺贝尔奖获得者阿西莫格鲁写了著名的《国家为什么 会失败》，书中从制度缺陷寻找根源，前苏无疑是一个经典案例，这类问题也不争论。 那我们谈什么？谈警示，谈来自经济学的警示。 那是一个冷战的时代，而我们今天也正在步入一个新冷战时代。高市早苗违背国际法的 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the rapid growth of the AI industry in China, which is emerging as a new economic pillar, potentially replacing the real estate sector [1][3][21] Industry Growth - China's AI industry surpassed 700 billion yuan last year, maintaining over 20% annual growth for several years, equivalent to adding a medium-sized industry each year [3][8] - There are over 5,300 AI companies in China, accounting for one in every seven AI firms globally, with Chinese open-source models ranking among the top ten in international lists [3][8] Technological Advancements - AI is increasingly integrated into various sectors, with significant improvements in efficiency, such as a 50% reduction in error rates in factories and a 30% increase in efficiency with autonomous trucks at ports [6][12] - China's computing power ranks second globally, with initiatives like "East Data West Computing" reducing computing costs in the west by 50% [6][12] Economic Transition - The shift from a resource-driven economy to an innovation-driven one is underscored by the AI industry's potential to create sustainable growth, contrasting with the limitations of the real estate sector [14][21] - AI's ability to generate value from data, as opposed to the finite resources of real estate, positions it as a more sustainable economic driver [12][14] Employment Dynamics - While AI may eliminate some jobs, it also creates new roles, such as algorithm engineers and AI trainers, reflecting a transformation in the job market [10][17] - The government is promoting AI integration across six major sectors, anticipating that over 90% of smart devices will be adopted in the next five years, leading to the emergence of numerous "AI + industry" hybrid roles [18][21] Future Outlook - The article emphasizes the inevitability of AI's proliferation and the importance of recognizing subtle changes in daily life that signal new opportunities [19][21] - The transition from real estate to AI as a growth driver is framed as a new beginning for the Chinese economy, focusing on high-quality development and global competitiveness [21]