Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the life and contributions of Chen Yixiang, a 104-year-old Communist Party member, showcasing her dedication to the Party and her involvement in revolutionary activities throughout her life [1][7]. Group 1: Early Life and Revolutionary Involvement - Chen Yixiang was born into a poor peasant family in 1921 and was influenced by her uncle's revolutionary activities, leading her family to support the Communist Party [2]. - She participated in revolutionary activities from a young age, including standing guard and secretly transporting materials for the Party [2][3]. - After her parents were persecuted by the Kuomintang, Chen Yixiang took on the responsibility of supporting her family and vowed to continue her family's revolutionary legacy [3]. Group 2: Joining the Communist Party and Contributions - Chen Yixiang joined the Communist Party in April 1939, becoming the first Party member in her village, and took on various leadership roles during the Anti-Japanese War [4]. - She actively mobilized local youth to join the military and worked to educate and organize women in her community [4][5]. - During the war, she demonstrated bravery and resourcefulness, helping to transport supplies and providing support to soldiers on the front lines [5]. Group 3: Post-War Contributions and Legacy - After the liberation of Hainan, Chen Yixiang continued her work in women's rights and education, becoming a respected figure in her community [6]. - She contributed to the development of the rubber industry in Hainan and remained committed to her role as a Communist Party member throughout her life [6]. - In her later years, she supported various charitable causes and expressed gratitude for the Party, reflecting on her long-standing commitment to its ideals [7].

Core Viewpoint - Huang Zhenya is recognized as a national anti-Japanese hero, having dedicated his short yet heroic life to the revolutionary cause during the anti-Japanese war [1][2]. Group 1: Early Life and Revolutionary Activities - Huang Zhenya was born in 1905 in Xinfangjing Village, Hainan Province, and became involved in revolutionary activities during his studies in Guangzhou, where he helped establish the Danzhou Student Association with 120 members [3]. - He played a significant role in spreading Marxism and Sun Yat-sen's New Three People's Principles in Danzhou, leading to the establishment of numerous farmers' associations and labor unions [3][4]. Group 2: Armed Struggles and Leadership - Huang Zhenya was a core member of the Danzhou County Committee of the Communist Party and participated in armed struggles against the Nationalist government, including a successful uprising that established a temporary revolutionary government [4][5]. - He led revolutionary forces in various confrontations, including a notable attack on the local Nationalist government, which resulted in the liberation of over 150 imprisoned communists [4]. Group 3: Anti-Japanese War Contributions - After the outbreak of the "July 7 Incident" in 1937, Huang Zhenya organized anti-Japanese activities, forming various committees to mobilize the local population for resistance efforts [6][7]. - He played a crucial role in the formation of an anti-Japanese guerrilla force and led successful operations against Japanese troops, significantly boosting local morale [7]. Group 4: Sacrifice and Legacy - Huang Zhenya was killed in action in April 1940 during a confrontation with Japanese forces while attempting to organize a new military unit [6][7]. - His life is commemorated through a memorial in his hometown, symbolizing his enduring legacy as a revolutionary hero [2][6].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the life and contributions of Che Yaoxian, a revolutionary figure in China, who founded the "Effort Restaurant" in Chengdu in 1929, which serves as a historical site and a hub for revolutionary activities [4][8]. Group 1: Early Life and Military Career - Che Yaoxian was born in 1894 in a poor family and faced hardships that shaped his strong will and understanding of the struggles of the lower class [5]. - He became a soldier in the Sichuan army during the 1911 "Protect the Railway" movement and quickly rose through the ranks due to his military skills [5][7]. - His experiences in the military led him to realize that fighting for warlords did not change the social conditions, prompting him to seek a new path for national salvation [7][8]. Group 2: Founding of "Effort Restaurant" - In 1929, Che Yaoxian established the "Effort Restaurant" to support revolutionary activities and provide a space for underground work [8][10]. - The restaurant's name reflects a call to action from Sun Yat-sen, emphasizing the need for continued effort in the revolutionary struggle [8][9]. - The restaurant served as a cover for Che's revolutionary activities, including intelligence gathering and providing support to fellow revolutionaries [10][11]. Group 3: Anti-Japanese and Revolutionary Activities - Che Yaoxian actively participated in the anti-Japanese movement and used the restaurant to disseminate information and rally support [11]. - He founded a publication called "Loud Voice Weekly" to expose the truth about the Xi'an Incident and promote anti-Japanese sentiment, distributing over 5,000 copies in less than three months [11]. - His efforts made him a target for the Nationalist government, leading to his arrest during the "Rice Robbery Incident" in 1940 [12]. Group 4: Imprisonment and Legacy - While imprisoned, Che Yaoxian remained steadfast in his beliefs, forming a party branch within the prison and continuing to resist the Nationalist regime [12]. - He wrote a self-reflective piece for his children, emphasizing the values of humility, frugality, and hard work [12]. - Che Yaoxian was executed in 1946, and his contributions to the revolutionary cause are commemorated through a statue in his hometown, symbolizing the respect and remembrance of the people [13].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the revolutionary life and contributions of Ye Wenlong, a key figure in the early Chinese communist movement, emphasizing his roles in student activism, labor movements, and peasant leadership, ultimately leading to his martyrdom at a young age [8][9][15]. Group 1: Early Life and Activism - Ye Wenlong was born in Wenchang, Hainan, and became a prominent revolutionary figure by participating in various student and labor movements in Shanghai during the early 1920s [10][11]. - He was actively involved in advocating for social reforms, including women's rights, and was a vocal critic of feudal practices [10][11]. - By 1924, he had taken on leadership roles within the Hainan student community in Shanghai, becoming a significant voice for the rights of his peers [10]. Group 2: Revolutionary Leadership - In 1925, Ye Wenlong was appointed as a representative for the Hainan Farmers' Association, where he led efforts against local warlords and advocated for peasant rights [11][12]. - He played a crucial role in organizing the "Qiongya Revolutionary Comrades Association," which united various revolutionary groups in Hainan [12]. - By 1926, he became the secretary of the Communist Party's Qingyuan County Committee, successfully establishing numerous peasant associations and self-defense forces [12][13]. Group 3: Final Struggles and Martyrdom - In 1927, Ye Wenlong was tasked with rebuilding revolutionary organizations in the North River region amidst severe repression from reactionary forces [14]. - He was captured in 1928 while attempting to revive revolutionary activities and faced brutal torture without revealing any party secrets [15]. - Ye Wenlong was executed on March 24, 1928, at the age of 28, remembered as a loyal communist warrior and a martyr for the revolutionary cause [15].

Core Points - The article highlights the life and contributions of Huang Hun, a revolutionary figure in the anti-Japanese resistance, emphasizing his bravery, intelligence, and dedication to the cause of liberation [2][3][7]. Group 1: Background and Early Life - Huang Hun, originally named Fu Quanzhong, was born in 1903 in a peasant family in Longquan Town, Haikou [3]. - He changed his name to protect his family and to symbolize his commitment to the revolutionary cause [3]. Group 2: Revolutionary Activities - Huang Hun was instrumental in organizing and mobilizing the local population against Japanese invaders, showcasing remarkable leadership and strategic skills [2][4]. - He published various revolutionary publications, such as "Special Committee Monthly" and "Red Flag News," to rally support and disseminate revolutionary ideas [4][5]. Group 3: Military Engagements - Huang Hun demonstrated tactical brilliance during encounters with enemy forces, successfully executing strategies that allowed him and his comrades to escape from dangerous situations [5][6]. - He developed the "White Skin Red Heart" strategy, which involved feigning compliance with the enemy while secretly organizing resistance efforts [6][7]. Group 4: Legacy and Commemoration - Huang Hun's dedication to the revolutionary cause led to his ultimate sacrifice in 1944, where he was killed in action while ensuring the safety of his comrades [7][8]. - His remains were later moved to the Martyrs' Cemetery in Haikou, where he is honored and remembered for his contributions to the anti-Japanese resistance [8][9].

Core Perspective - The article discusses the centenary exhibition "Surrealism, First and Forever" at the Pompidou Center, commemorating André Breton's "Manifesto of Surrealism" published in 1924, highlighting the enduring spirit and unfinished goals of surrealism [1][3][24]. Group 1: Historical Context - Surrealism emerged between the two World Wars as a significant cultural movement in Europe, described by Walter Benjamin as a snapshot before the cultural catastrophe [2]. - The movement quickly spread globally, influencing various cultures, including China during its New Culture Movement [2]. Group 2: Exhibition Design and Themes - The exhibition is designed as a "maze" to reflect the spatial concepts of surrealism, featuring thirteen themes such as "The Path of Dreams" and "Monsters" [9][12]. - The entrance of the maze is modeled after a monstrous mouth, symbolizing the entry into a dream space, reminiscent of historical surrealist venues [13]. Group 3: Key Works and Artists - The exhibition prominently features Breton's original manuscript of the "Manifesto of Surrealism," emphasizing its philosophical and revolutionary significance [21][24]. - Max Ernst's works are highlighted, particularly his series "Woman: 100 Heads," showcasing the theme of unexpected encounters in surrealism [29][31]. Group 4: Surrealism's Legacy and Influence - The article reflects on surrealism's role as a necessary entry point for avant-garde dreams, suggesting that it remains relevant in contemporary discourse [3][24]. - The relationship between surrealism and political movements is explored, indicating that surrealism has historically been intertwined with revolutionary ideals [24][26].

Group 1 - The concept of "youth" and "young China" became familiar among Chinese intellectuals by 1905, influenced by Liang Qichao, leading to a wave of revolutionary and literary figures adopting "youth" as part of their identity [1][3] - The late Qing Dynasty was marked by a sense of optimism among progressive intellectuals who sought to revitalize traditional values to rejuvenate the nation, seeing opportunities for change amidst the collapse of the Qing Empire [3][5] - The emergence of modern education in China began during the Self-Strengthening Movement in the 1860s, with institutions established to teach foreign languages and modern sciences, culminating in systemic reforms in 1898 [4][5] Group 2 - The abolition of the imperial examination system in 1905 marked a significant shift in the educational landscape, allowing for the establishment of modern schools that fostered new ways of thinking and social engagement among youth [5][10] - Prominent intellectuals like Lu Xun and Guo Moruo experienced transformative moments in modern schools, which shaped their understanding of modernity and individual identity [6][9] - The modern student movement began in 1902, with students organizing politically motivated groups, reflecting a growing sense of national consciousness and activism among the youth [15][16] Group 3 - The rise of modern education created a foundation for student movements, which became crucial in the revolutionary activities leading up to the 1911 Revolution, as students sought to liberate themselves from traditional constraints [10][15] - The narrative of youth in revolutionary literature often highlighted the tension between individual self-realization and collective national identity, as seen in the works of various authors [29][30] - The ideals of personal freedom and ethical self-awareness became central themes in the literature of the time, reflecting a broader cultural shift towards modernity and individualism [30][29]