Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolving concept of diabetes remission, highlighting the increasing prevalence of diabetes globally and the need for new management strategies that focus on patient-centered approaches [5][6][19]. Summary by Sections Global Diabetes Prevalence - As of 2021, there are 537 million diabetes patients aged 20-79 worldwide, projected to exceed 783 million by 2045. The global medical expenditure related to diabetes reached $966 billion in 2021 [5]. Evolution of Diabetes Remission Concept - The traditional belief that type 2 diabetes is incurable has been challenged by new findings, particularly a 1992 study showing that 86.5% of patients achieved long-term normal blood sugar levels post metabolic surgery. The medical community reached a consensus in 2021 defining remission as maintaining HbA1c below 6.5% after stopping diabetes medication [8][10]. Controversies and Limitations of Current Standards - The current definition of diabetes remission faces challenges, including: 1. Over-reliance on blood sugar metrics, potentially overlooking other health risks [10]. 2. The requirement to stop medication may be inappropriate given the protective effects of new diabetes drugs [11]. 3. Psychological burdens on patients due to blood sugar fluctuations, leading to feelings of personal failure [12]. Four Scientific Strategies for Diabetes Remission - 1. **Lifestyle Interventions**: Strict dietary management and exercise can lead to remission, but maintaining these changes is challenging [13]. - 2. **Very Low-Calorie Diets**: Short-term diets (800-1200 kcal/day) can lead to significant weight loss and remission rates of 46% within a year, but require high adherence [14]. - 3. **New Medications**: GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors not only control blood sugar but also provide cardiovascular protection, potentially redefining remission standards [15]. - 4. **Metabolic Surgery**: Effective for obese diabetes patients, with a remission rate of 72.3% within two years, but requires ongoing management to prevent weight regain [16]. Future Directions - The standards for diabetes remission need optimization, potentially moving towards: - Personalized definitions based on patient characteristics [17]. - Inclusion of protective medications in remission strategies [18]. - Dynamic assessments of remission as an ongoing process rather than a binary outcome [19].

以下文章来源于肥胖世界ObesityWorld ，作者肥胖世界 肥胖世界ObesityWorld . 《肥胖世界》Obesity World - 同步传真肥胖及代谢国际新学术进展，为医学减重临床、教研人员搭建一座与国际接轨的桥梁，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 近日，一项发表在顶级科学期刊《自然》(Nature)上的开创性研究，通过分析超过17万个单细胞样本，首次揭示了人们减肥后为何容易复胖的 关键生物学机制—肥胖细胞存在"炎症记忆"现象1。 研究团队通过高精度单细胞RNA测序技术(snRNA-seq)，对比分析了人类与小鼠模型中的脂肪组织样本，惊人发现减重后的脂肪组织仍然保留 着显著的细胞转录变化。尤其值得注意的是，巨噬细胞中的"促炎记忆"特别顽固，即使体重已恢复正常，这种炎症信号依然存在3。 更令人担忧的是，研究数据显示，肥胖持续时间越长，这种"胖记忆"的影响就越强烈，这可能解释了为何长期肥胖人群减肥后更容易反弹的现 象。这一突破性发现不仅解释了减肥成功后复胖的生物学基础，更为未来开发针对性抗复胖治疗策略提供了全新思路。 研究还指出，虽然减重确实能清除部分衰老细胞、逆转免疫紊乱状态，但难以完全消除巨噬细胞中的" ...

Core Insights - The article highlights a concerning trend in diabetes prevalence in China, indicating a significant increase in the number of patients and the urgent need for effective prevention and control strategies [9][15]. Group 1: Diabetes Prevalence and Trends - As of 2023, the total number of diabetes patients in China has reached 233 million, with a prevalence rate of 15.88%, marking a 163% increase from 88.48 million patients in 2005 [9][15]. - The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASR) of diabetes has risen from 7.53% in 2005 to 13.67% in 2023, with an annual growth rate of 3.36% [9][10]. - The years of life lost due to disability (YLDs) related to diabetes reached 32.49 million in 2023, reflecting a significant decline in overall health quality among the population [9][10]. Group 2: Regional Distribution and Characteristics - The eastern region of China has the highest number of diabetes patients at 78.47 million, followed by central and northern regions with 53.98 million and 36.06 million patients, respectively [11][12]. - The northern region has the highest ASR at 17.20%, with major cities like Beijing and Tianjin exceeding a 20% prevalence rate due to dietary habits [11][12]. - The southwestern region is experiencing the fastest growth in diabetes prevalence, increasing from 5.65% in 2005 to 11.77% in 2023, driven by changes in dietary patterns [12][13]. Group 3: Future Projections and Strategies - Projections indicate that if current trends continue, the ASR of diabetes could reach 16.15% by 2030, 21.52% by 2040, and potentially 29.10% by 2050, posing unprecedented challenges to the healthcare system [13][15]. - Implementing systematic obesity intervention strategies could significantly improve these projections, potentially keeping the ASR below 15% by 2050, a reduction of 49.10% from the natural trajectory [13][14]. - The article emphasizes the need for differentiated regional strategies in diabetes prevention, focusing on early screening and lifestyle interventions tailored to local conditions [14][16].

以下文章来源于内分泌早知道 ，作者关注内分泌的 内分泌早知道 . 深度分享内分泌用药经验、病例剖析、指南专业解读并紧跟国内外内分泌领域前沿进展，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 ▍中国糖尿病危机：18年患者激增163%，未来防控形势严峻 最新研究数据显示，中国糖尿病流行趋势已进入加速期，患病人数呈现爆炸式增长。截至2023年， 我国糖尿病患者总数已攀升至2.33 亿人 （9 5%置信区间：2. 15亿~2 .52亿），患病率高达15.8 8%。这一数字与2005年的8848万患者相比， 短短1 8年间增幅达16 3% ， 相当于平均每年增加约800万新发病例，疾病负担之重远超预期。 从年龄标准化患病率（ASR）来看，增长趋势同样触目惊心。2 005年，我国糖尿病ASR仅为7.53%，而到2023年已飙升至13. 67%， 年均增长率高达3.36% 。这意味着，即使排除人口老龄化因素，糖尿病在普通人群中的蔓延速度仍然惊人。更令人担忧的是，糖尿病 带来的健康损失也在急剧上升。2023年，全国因糖尿病导致的伤残调整寿命年（YLDs）达到3249万，相比2005年的数据， YLDs的 年龄标准化率年均增长4.68% ，表明该 ...

慢性炎症反应被认为是糖尿病和抑郁症的共同生物学背景机制。德国糖尿病中心等机构的研究人员 在国际学术期刊《糖尿病学》发表论文说，他们分析了521名糖尿病患者的数据，通过问卷记录患者的 抑郁症状，并检测了血液中76种与炎症相关的生物标志物。 结果显示，在2型糖尿病患者中，若炎症标志物水平较高，接受行为疗法后抑郁症状明显改善。而 在1型糖尿病患者中，若炎症标志物水平较高，行为疗法只能对疲劳等症状带来轻微改善。 新华社柏林8月5日电（记者杜哲宇）德国糖尿病中心近日发布公报说，糖尿病患者常患抑郁症，在 某些情况下对1型和2型糖尿病患者抑郁症的治疗效果会存在显著差异，这有助于医学界制定个性化的治 疗方案。 据公报介绍，糖尿病作为一种慢性病，不仅带来生理负担，还常伴随焦虑、过度压力等负面感受。 糖尿病患者罹患抑郁症的风险是普通人群的2倍。而抑郁症又会削弱糖尿病患者的自我管理能力，增加 并发症风险，降低预期寿命。因此，有效治疗抑郁症状对糖尿病患者有重要意义。 研究人员表示，这种差异可能与两种类型糖尿病的免疫激活机制差异有关。在上述研究成果基础 上，有可能为糖尿病患者治疗抑郁症制定个性化治疗方案。2型糖尿病患者若炎症水平较高， ...

年龄越大越容易发生动脉粥样硬化，但这并不意味着斑块只是老年人的"专利"，如今三四十岁的青 壮年的患病率也在增高，因此需要我们认真对待。 人体的循环系统很复杂，有各种各样的血管，心内科专家就来揭秘5种更容易形成动脉粥样硬化和 堵塞的血管。 颈动脉 颈动脉直接连通大脑，位于颈前部和气管两侧，重要性不言而喻。颈动脉呈现独特的"Y"字型结 构，因而在分叉处很容易发生堵塞，临床上粥样硬化斑块也常堆积在颈动脉。一般来说，人到40岁左 右，颈动脉处便开始显现或大或小的斑块了；到60岁左右，颈动脉斑块基本就成常态了，只不过轻重不 一，需要具体情况具体对待。 冠状动脉 值得一提的是，我们平时听得最多的检查莫过于"颈动脉斑块"检查。这主要是因为颈动脉非常表 浅，超声检查比较容易探及和评估，更多是出于"方便"考量，实际上任何位置出现斑块都是不利的。 另外，很多人会将斑块的大小视为最危险的因素，其实最可怕的不是斑块大小，而是斑块的不稳 定，也就是"柔软"的易损斑块。这就好比馅大皮薄的饺子很容易煮破，一旦破损非常麻烦，因此要认真 对待。本组文/汪芳（北京医院） 当斑块积聚在冠状动脉时，就会导致冠心病等，情况还是比较严重的。绝大多数急性 ...

以下文章来源于内分泌早知道 ，作者关注内分泌的 内分泌早知道 . 深度分享内分泌用药经验、病例剖析、指南专业解读并紧跟国内外内分泌领域前沿进展，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 最令人警醒的是：4 0岁确诊糖尿病，预期寿命可能缩短长达4. 2年！这项研究填补了我国糖尿病流行病学研究的重大空白，为公共卫生 决策提供了关键科学依据。 最新研究揭示惊人趋势：我国糖尿病发病率在38年间激增17倍，从1980年的0.7%飙升至2018年的12.4%。截至2021年，成年患者突 破1.4亿大关，专家预测20 45年将攀升至1.74亿。更令人担忧的是，糖尿病前期人群占比已达3 8.1%。值得注意的是，自新世纪以 来，心血管疾病和癌症始终位居我国居民早逝原因前两位，这一趋势在糖尿病人群中尤为突出。但由于全国性数据的缺失，糖尿病及 其前期对国人寿命的确切影响一直未能明确。 2024年9月10日，国际权威期刊《Di a be t e s c a r e》刊登了由中国顶级医疗科研团队联合完成的重磅研究。这项由华中科技大学同济医 学院附属协和医院牵头，联合中国疾控中心慢病中心等多家机构开展的研究，首次系统揭示了糖尿病对国人寿命的深远影响。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report published in The Lancet highlights the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to prevent and treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), predicting a doubling of global cases by 2025 if no action is taken [2][6]. Group 1: Current Situation and Statistics - HCC is the sixth most common cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with 870,000 new cases and 760,000 deaths reported in 2022. Projections indicate that by 2050, new cases could rise to 1.52 million, and deaths could reach 1.37 million [8]. - The report indicates that over 70% of HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of only 5%-30% [13]. Group 2: Causes and Trends - By 2050, hepatitis B virus (HBV) will remain the primary cause of HCC, but its proportion is expected to decrease from 39.0% in 2022 to 36.9%. Conversely, alcohol-related HCC cases are projected to increase from 18.8% to 21.1%, and cases related to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASH) are expected to rise from 8% to 10.8% [10][11]. Group 3: Prevention and Early Detection - The report emphasizes that over 60% of HCC cases are preventable through the control of HBV, HCV, alcohol consumption, and fatty liver disease. For instance, in 2022, more than 540,000 of the 870,000 new cases were avoidable [15]. - Early screening can triple survival rates, as demonstrated in Japan, where 68% of HCC cases are detected at an early stage, leading to an 80% 5-year survival rate [17]. Group 4: Recommendations and Strategies - The committee has outlined ten actionable recommendations, including strengthening viral hepatitis prevention, reducing alcohol consumption, and improving early detection of HCC [19]. - Specific strategies include universal HBV vaccination, government-led measures to reduce alcohol consumption, and tailored national strategies to address the rising incidence of MASH [20]. Group 5: Stakeholder Involvement - The report stresses that reducing the global burden of HCC will require collaborative efforts from policymakers, healthcare providers, international organizations, researchers, and patient advocacy groups [21].

Core Viewpoint - The study published in Nature highlights the significant increase in hospitalization due to extreme temperatures in China by 2100, emphasizing the urgent need for climate change mitigation strategies to reduce temperature-related health risks and associated costs [2][8]. Summary by Sections Research Overview - The research analyzed hospitalization data related to six climate-sensitive diseases across 301 cities in China, covering over 90% of urban areas, and utilized a nonlinear distributed lag model to assess historical associations between temperature and hospitalizations [5][6]. Predictions and Findings - Predictions indicate that, without adaptation measures, the number of additional hospitalizations due to extreme high temperatures could reach 5.1 million by 2100 under high carbon emission scenarios. The associated hospitalization costs are projected to increase by $5.19 billion [7]. - The study found that the additional hospitalization risk from extreme high temperatures is expected to rise across all carbon emission scenarios, while the impact of extreme low temperatures is minimal [6][7]. Regional and Socioeconomic Insights - Historical data suggests that the northwest and southwest regions of China are particularly vulnerable to temperature-related health risks, especially concerning pregnancy-related diseases. The northern regions are more susceptible to extreme heat, while southern regions are more vulnerable to extreme cold [6][7]. - The research also highlights socioeconomic disparities, indicating that densely populated and economically developed areas, such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, face relatively lower additional hospitalization risks during extreme heat events [7][8].

Core Insights - A new genetic risk scoring model for type 1 diabetes (C-GRS) has been developed by a collaborative team from Central South University and international partners, aimed at improving diabetes diagnosis and personalized treatment for the Chinese population [1][2] - The model is based on genomic data from over 2,000 type 1 diabetes patients, 1,000 type 2 diabetes patients, and 3,000 healthy individuals, and has been validated in over 20,000 diabetes patients in Hong Kong [2] Group 1 - The C-GRS model addresses the limitations of traditional diabetes classification methods, which often rely on clinical characteristics such as age of onset and body mass index (BMI) [1] - Approximately two-thirds of type 1 diabetes patients in China are adults, with many presenting atypical symptoms, complicating diagnosis [1] - The model aims to identify 20 to 40 additional type 1 diabetes cases for every 100 patients tested, enhancing early detection and risk prediction for high-risk individuals [2] Group 2 - Future plans include recruiting 3,000 newly diagnosed patients across over 80 top-tier hospitals in China for multi-center clinical research to further assess the model's clinical application [2] - The research team intends to integrate environmental factors with the C-GRS to create a more comprehensive predictive model for diabetes classification and treatment [2]