2025.09. 11 本文字数：1438，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 冯迪凡 欧盟正在探索转向外太空寻求可再生能源的原材料。 本周，欧盟委员会在最新发布的年度《战略前瞻报告》中表示，全球秩序正遭受巨大冲击，欧盟可能 无法再依赖非欧盟国家供应低碳能源技术所需的关键材料，"作为应对，未来可能日益重视……包括 太空采矿在内的先进采矿技术，首选目标便是月球。" 需要解释的是，锂、铜、镍及稀土等金属对可再生能源和电动汽车至关重要，而欧盟境内开采的这类 金属寥寥无几。简言之，欧盟需要开采月球资源。 据美国能源信息署统计，欧佩克成员国（OPEC）合计掌控全球35%的石油储备，占全球石油贸易 总量50%。这种主导地位使该组织及其成员国对国际油价乃至全球经济拥有巨大影响力。 欧盟委员会以此举例并表示："这种控制可能引发显著的价格通胀并限制关键物资的获取，对欧盟的 战略自主权和清洁能源转型构成严峻挑战。作为应对，循环经济实践和先进采矿技术（包括太空采 矿，从月球开始）的创新可能日益受到重视。" 目前，包括美国宇航局（NASA）和日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）在内的众多政府机构都在 推动太空采矿。 在欧盟内部， ...

«——【·前言·】——» 中国稀土牌效果立竿见影，欧洲开始"做梦"，美国人觉得欧盟疯了。 4月，中方发布的稀土出口管制清单像一把精准的手术刀，切断了欧盟高科技产业的命脉。清单上详细列出的钕、镝、铽等17种稀土元素 及制品，恰好是欧洲新能源汽车电机、风电设备磁铁、芯片制造的核心原料。数据显示，欧盟92%的稀土永磁体依赖中国进口，这种依赖 程度远超对俄罗斯能源的依赖。 欧盟决策者曾以为能源困境已足够棘手。俄乌冲突后，欧洲失去俄罗斯廉价油气供应，不得不高价采购美国能源，工业用电成本飙升 40%。但能源尚可替代，稀土断供却直击工业体系的心脏。 «——【·稀土断供·】——» «——【·绝望中的星际冒险·】——» 欧盟委员会的太空采矿报告打破了工业困局的沉寂。报告提出将月球作为太空资源开发的第一步，计划开采月球土壤中的氦-3和稀土元 素。这份充满科幻色彩的文件刚一发布，就引发国际社会哗然。 波兰曾尝试自建稀土加工厂，结果生产成本高出中国三倍，计划被迫搁浅。中方收紧出口后短短半年，欧洲主要汽车制造商的永磁电机 库存告急，宝马集团位于慕尼黑的工厂甚至被迫削减电动车产能。 这场危机源于一场贸易反噬。为阻止中国新能源汽车抢占欧洲 ...

Core Viewpoint - The development of space mining technology, exemplified by China's first space mining robot, highlights the growing interest in extraterrestrial resource extraction to address potential resource depletion on Earth [1][2]. Group 1: Reasons for Space Mining - Space mining aims to acquire extraterrestrial resources to mitigate the potential depletion of Earth's mineral resources [2]. - The Moon and asteroids in the solar system are rich in resources, including Helium-3, thorium, rare earth elements, and various metals, which are scarce on Earth [2][3]. - Near-Earth asteroids are particularly attractive due to their concentrated resources and lower technical barriers for extraction [2]. Group 2: Challenges in Space Mining - Space mining presents significant challenges, including operating in microgravity environments, which complicates the stability and efficiency of traditional mining equipment [4][5]. - Other challenges include resource utilization technology, extreme radiation, deep space communication, energy supply, and transportation logistics [4][5]. - The high fuel costs associated with transporting mined resources back to Earth and the need for sustainable energy sources for long-term missions are critical hurdles [5]. Group 3: Current Research and Future Prospects - Research in space mining is still in its early stages, focusing on resource exploration, drilling technology, and in-situ resource utilization [6]. - International efforts are advancing in areas such as autonomous robotics, efficient energy systems, and materials technology, with successful tests conducted by countries like Japan and the USA [6]. - The long-term vision for space mining includes supporting the establishment of lunar and Martian bases and fostering a space economy [6][8]. Group 4: Future of Space Mining Robots - Future space mining robots are envisioned to be fully autonomous "space factories" with self-repair capabilities and adaptability across celestial bodies, relying on advancements in AI, materials science, and energy technology [6][7].