你有没有发现，现在讨论结婚、生娃、买房这些话题的时候，大家的眼神里都带着一种无力感。不是不想，而是算一算账，压根对不上。 前几天我看到一 组数据，整个人愣了几秒：今年大学毕业生大约是1222万，而今年的出生人口可能只有800万上下，这中间差了422万。一个国家里，出生人口竟然比毕业生 还少，这种拐点的味道，让人说不上是荒诞还是心凉。 再往后想， 教育的需求不见了，婚恋市场也会受到冲击。2023年全国结婚登记对数是683万对，比2013年时的1346万对直接砍半（数据来源：民政部 2024）。少子化不是单独存在，它会牵动到婚姻登记数量、购房需求，尤其是学区房这种过去的刚需。 当家长少了，拼学区的群体自然萎缩。房地产开发 商如果还抱着学区逻辑做营销，恐怕得换算盘。 经济学家常提人口红利，其实我们这一代人亲身感受到的是另一面。 去年失业率里，16至24岁青年群体一度达到21.3%（数据来源：国家统计局 2023）。 看似人多，可市场的吸纳能力不够。未来当劳动力供给真的开始缩减，问题会从太多转到太少，但中间的断层期，社会要怎么渡过去。就业、教育、住房， 这几个关键词背后都连着同一条线：人口结构。 我在想， 这到底算不 ...

Core Insights - The early childhood education sector is facing significant challenges, including a decline in job opportunities and a drop in enrollment in related academic programs [2][4][31] - The number of kindergartens in China has decreased, leading to a structural crisis in early childhood education, with many graduates unable to find relevant employment [3][21][31] - The employment rate for early childhood education graduates has plummeted, with some institutions reporting a drop from 75.76% to 48% in job placement rates [13][15] Group 1: Employment Challenges - Graduates from early childhood education programs are struggling to find jobs, with many resorting to unrelated fields such as real estate and sales [1][4] - The average salary for early childhood educators is low, with many positions offering less than 2000 yuan per month in economically disadvantaged areas [20][24] - The job placement rate for early childhood education graduates has significantly declined, with some universities reporting rates as low as 48% [13][15][17] Group 2: Decline in Educational Institutions - Many universities are experiencing difficulties in recruiting students for early childhood education programs, leading to a situation where some programs are unable to fill their quotas [2][25][31] - The number of kindergartens has decreased by over 21,000 in the past year, exacerbating the employment crisis for graduates [3][21] - Some institutions are seeking to transition away from early childhood education programs due to low demand and poor job prospects [31][33][35] Group 3: Future Outlook - The early childhood education sector is being classified as a "yellow card" profession, indicating a need for significant reform and adjustment in educational offerings [31] - There is a trend among teacher training colleges to pivot towards more in-demand fields such as engineering and technology, reflecting a broader shift in educational focus [33][34][35] - The demand for early childhood education positions is projected to decline further, with a 43% decrease in available job postings anticipated by 2025 [19][20]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights recent policy developments in China, focusing on education, financial support for industrialization, and rural infrastructure improvements, indicating a strategic push towards enhancing social welfare and economic resilience [2][3][11][12]. Group 1: Education Policy - On August 5, the State Council issued an opinion to gradually implement free preschool education, starting from the autumn semester of 2025, which will exempt public kindergarten fees for approximately 12 million children, resulting in an estimated increase in national fiscal expenditure of about 20 billion yuan for the upcoming semester [11]. - The policy aims to reduce family expenses by an equivalent amount and will be funded jointly by central and local governments, with the central government covering a larger share [11]. Group 2: Financial Support for Industrialization - On August 5, the People's Bank of China and seven other departments released guidelines to support new industrialization, emphasizing the need for financial institutions to provide long-term financing for key manufacturing sectors such as integrated circuits, medical equipment, and advanced materials [12]. - The guidelines encourage financing for emerging industries like new energy, high-end equipment, and biomedicine, while also stressing the importance of risk management to prevent misuse of funds [12]. Group 3: Rural Infrastructure Development - On August 6, the Ministry of Transport announced a new round of rural road improvement plans, aiming to complete the construction and renovation of 300,000 kilometers of rural roads by 2027, with 130,000 kilometers targeted for completion in 2024 [3].

记者11日从财政部了解到，为规范和加强支持学前教育发展资金管理，提高资金使用效益，财政部、教 育部修订印发了《支持学前教育发展资金管理办法》。 所称支持学前教育发展资金，是指中央财政用于支持学前教育发展的转移支付资金。 办法明确，支持学前教育发展资金由财政部会同教育部共同管理。现阶段，支持学前教育发展资金主要 用于以下方面：一是支持学前教育扩优提质；二是落实学前教育免保育教育费政策。 来源：新华社 财政部网站 《支持学前教育发展资金管理办法》修订印发 支持学前教育发展资金采取因素法分配。财政部、教育部根据党中央、国务院有关决策部署和学前教育 改革发展新形势等情况，适时调整完善相关分配因素、权重、计算公式等。 办法强调，地方各级财政、教育部门要按照全面实施预算绩效管理的要求，建立健全全过程预算绩效管 理机制，按规定科学合理设定绩效目标，对照绩效目标做好绩效监控，认真组织开展绩效评价，强化评 价结果应用，做好绩效信息公开，提高资金配置效率和使用效益。支持学前教育发展资金纳入预算执行 常态化监督范围，各级财政部门依托预算管理一体化系统，加强日常监管。 《支持学前教育发展资金管理办法》 全文如下： 支 持学前教育发展 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing crisis in the private kindergarten sector in China, highlighting the increasing number of closures and the challenges faced by educators and institutions amid changing policies and declining birth rates [5][20]. Group 1: Industry Trends - A significant number of private kindergartens are closing down, with various regions reporting multiple closures within a short timeframe, indicating a growing trend of "kindergarten closures" across the country [8]. - The article notes that the closures predominantly affect private kindergartens, which thrived during a previous boom but are now struggling to adapt to new regulations and market conditions [8][12]. Group 2: Challenges Faced by Educators - Educators are experiencing heightened pressure to meet enrollment targets, with some facing penalties for failing to attract enough students, leading to a stressful work environment [7][24]. - The competitive landscape has shifted, with parents becoming more discerning and demanding, often leading to conflicts between parents and educators over fees and services [26][27]. Group 3: Policy Changes - Recent government directives have mandated that community kindergartens must operate as public or non-profit institutions, significantly impacting the operational model of many private kindergartens [15]. - The government aims to increase the proportion of public kindergartens to 50% and non-profit private kindergartens to 30%, which poses a challenge for profit-driven private institutions [15]. Group 4: Market Dynamics - The article highlights a shift in the market where public kindergartens are rapidly expanding, offering lower fees and better facilities, which has led to a decline in enrollment for private institutions [16][20]. - The decline in birth rates has exacerbated the situation, with fewer children enrolling in kindergartens, leading to a significant reduction in student numbers for many private institutions [20][22].

据新华社报道，记者11日从财政部了解到，为规范和加强支持学前教育发展资金管理，提高资 办法强调，地方各级财政、教育部门要按照全面实施预算绩效管理的要求，建立健全全过程预 算绩效管理机制，按规定科学合理设定绩效目标，对照绩效目标做好绩效监控，认真组织开展 绩效评价，强化评价结果应用，做好绩效信息公开，提高资金配置效率和使用效益。支持学前 教育发展资金纳入预算执行常态化监督范围，各级财政部门依托预算管理一体化系统，加强日 常监管。 SFC 来源丨新华社客户端 编辑丨黎雨桐 实习生林芷仪 A股超4100股上涨，锂矿锂电股大爆发 广东新增9家千亿市值企业 解码机器人产业"城市坐标" 21君荐读 金使用效益，财政部、教育部修订印发了 《支持学前教育发展资金管理办法》 。 所称支持学前教育发展资金，是指中央财政用于支持学前教育发展的转移支付资金。 办法明确，支持学前教育发展资金由财政部会同教育部共同管理。现阶段，支持学前教育发展 资金主要用于以下方面： 一是支持学前教育扩优提质；二是落实学前教育免保育教育费政 策。 支持学前教育发展资金采取因素法分配。财政部、教育部根据党中央、国务院有关决策部署和 学前教育改革发展新形势 ...

Core Points - The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education have revised and issued the "Management Measures for Supporting the Development of Preschool Education Funds," which will take effect immediately [1][2][3] - The measures include the implementation of a policy to exempt eligible public kindergarten children from childcare education fees, with similar reductions for children attending approved private kindergartens [1][6] - Funding for the exemption policy will be jointly borne by central and local finances, with specific sharing ratios based on different tiers [1][9] Funding Management - The support funds for preschool education are defined as transfer payment funds from the central government aimed at enhancing preschool education [5] - The funds will primarily be used to improve the quality and accessibility of preschool education, including the construction and expansion of public kindergartens and support for private kindergartens [6][11] - The distribution of funds will follow a formula that considers both basic and input factors, with a significant emphasis on the basic factors [8][9] Performance and Oversight - The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education will jointly manage the funds, ensuring that local governments adhere to performance targets and data accuracy [7][8] - Local governments are required to submit annual reports detailing the use of funds and performance outcomes, ensuring transparency and accountability [10][12] - The measures emphasize the importance of budget performance management and the establishment of a responsible mechanism for fund usage [12][13]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is implementing a policy to gradually promote free preschool education, which aims to alleviate the financial burden on families and improve the quality of early childhood education [1][8]. Group 1: Policy Implementation - Starting from the autumn semester of 2025, the government will waive the childcare education fees for children in their final year of preschool in public kindergartens, and similar reductions will apply to approved private kindergartens [2][3]. - The policy is expected to benefit approximately 12 million children this autumn semester [2]. - The fee waiver will be based on the standards set by local governments for public kindergartens, ensuring that families only pay the difference in private kindergartens [3]. Group 2: Financial Implications - The implementation of free preschool education is projected to increase national fiscal expenditure by approximately 20 billion yuan for the upcoming semester, while simultaneously reducing family expenditures by the same amount [4]. - The central and local governments will jointly bear the costs associated with the loss of income for kindergartens due to the fee waivers, with specific funding ratios for different regions [4][6]. Group 3: Educational Quality Assurance - The Ministry of Education is working to ensure that the quality of preschool education is maintained through regulatory measures and oversight [7]. - The policy encourages local governments to continue supporting economically disadvantaged groups, ensuring that the benefits of the program reach those in need [7][8]. Group 4: Historical Context and Future Outlook - The financial investment in preschool education has significantly increased, from 86.2 billion yuan in 2013 to 315 billion yuan in 2023, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 13.8% [5]. - The cumulative transfer payment from the central government for preschool education from 2013 to 2024 is expected to reach 220.9 billion yuan, indicating a substantial increase in funding [6]. - The government aims to adapt the free preschool education policy in response to changing demographics and financial conditions, with the goal of benefiting more children in the future [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and transformations faced by the early childhood education industry in China, particularly focusing on the increasing number of private kindergartens shutting down amid changing policies and demographic trends. Group 1: Industry Trends - The early childhood education sector is experiencing a "closure wave," with numerous private kindergartens shutting down across various regions, indicating a significant industry contraction [9][10]. - The government has introduced policies to increase the proportion of public kindergartens to 50% and to promote non-profit private kindergartens to 30%, aiming to limit excessive profit-seeking behavior in the sector [21]. - The demographic trend of declining birth rates is leading to a decrease in enrollment numbers in kindergartens, exacerbating the financial pressures on private institutions [26][29]. Group 2: Market Dynamics - The competition for student enrollment has intensified, with kindergartens resorting to aggressive marketing strategies, including discounts and promotional offers, to attract parents [25][26]. - Parents are becoming more discerning, comparing multiple options and demanding higher quality services, which has led to increased pressure on kindergartens to meet these expectations [25][30]. - The shift from a focus on educational quality to marketing tactics has transformed the operational landscape of kindergartens, with many educators feeling the strain of these changes [25][30]. Group 3: Personal Experiences of Educators - Educators are facing heightened stress and anxiety due to the pressures of enrollment and the demands from parents, leading to a challenging work environment [33][34]. - Many experienced teachers are being pushed out of the industry as public kindergartens set higher entry requirements, leaving them unable to compete [37]. - The emotional toll on educators is significant, with many expressing feelings of loss and regret as they witness the decline of the industry they have dedicated their careers to [38].

Core Viewpoint - The early childhood education industry in China is facing significant challenges, including a wave of kindergarten closures and increased competition from public kindergartens, leading to a decline in enrollment and financial pressures on private institutions [4][18][25]. Group 1: Industry Trends - A series of government initiatives aimed at boosting birth rates, such as the annual subsidy of 3,600 yuan for children under three, have been introduced, but the impact on the industry remains uncertain [1][4]. - The number of kindergarten closures is rising sharply, with private kindergartens being the most affected, as they struggle to adapt to changing regulations and market conditions [4][18]. - The shift towards public and non-profit kindergartens is evident, with mandates requiring new community kindergartens to operate as public or non-profit institutions, further squeezing private operators [12][13]. Group 2: Enrollment Challenges - Enrollment pressures have intensified, with many kindergartens resorting to aggressive marketing tactics to attract students, including offering free classes and discounts [16][19]. - The competition from newly established public kindergartens has led to a significant drop in student numbers for many private institutions, with some reporting a 75% reduction in enrollment [24][25]. - Parents are increasingly selective, comparing multiple options and prioritizing affordability and quality, which has forced many kindergartens to lower fees and offer incentives [16][19]. Group 3: Financial Strain - The financial burden on private kindergartens is escalating, with rising operational costs and declining revenues leading to unsustainable business models [17][19]. - Many educators are facing job insecurity as kindergartens close or reduce staff in response to dwindling enrollment [25][28]. - The industry's rapid expansion in previous years has resulted in a significant oversupply of private kindergartens, which are now struggling to survive in a more competitive environment [9][13].