（原标题：波黑逾三分之一进口来自前南国家，贸易逆差形势严峻） 波黑《独立报》12月5日报道。波黑间接税局数据显示，波黑超三分之一的进口商品来自前南斯拉 夫国家。今年前11个月，波黑进口总额为289.7亿马克；其中，自克罗地亚进口54.1亿马克，自塞尔维亚 进口38.3亿马克，自斯洛文尼亚进口23.9亿马克。自北马其顿和黑山的商品进口额分别为2.09亿马克和 1.86亿马克。上述五国的进口总额约120亿马克，占比41.52%。 从商品结构看，前11个月进口额最高的是核反应堆、锅炉、机械设备及零部件，达25.6亿马克；出 口额最高的则是电机设备及零件、音像录制播放装置、电视图像声音录制播放设备，约14.8亿马克。 经济学家伊戈尔·加夫兰指出，从塞、克两国进口的商品中，相当一部分实际产自第三国，这两国 自身亦不生产。"考虑到波黑确实需要许多本国无法生产或产量不足的商品，这部分进口大多并非问 题，而是基于实际资源或经济条件的现实。"他强调，若仅统计原产于塞、克两国的商品，进口数字将 大幅减少，进出口比例也会更趋合理。但这些数据仍具警示意义，过多通过邻国中间商进口推高了波黑 商品价格，在物流可行且无其他障碍的前提下，应 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Biden administration's unexpected decision to extend the tariff exemption period for over 300 product categories until 2026 reveals the vulnerabilities in the U.S. supply chain and highlights the deep reliance on Chinese imports for essential goods [1] Group 1: Exemption List Insights - The exemption list includes three notable categories: medical supplies (27%), industrial intermediate goods (41%), and consumer goods (32%), indicating a reliance on critical items that are essential for U.S. factories and supermarkets [3] - Among the exempted electrical components, 60% are directed towards "manufacturing return" projects in the U.S., illustrating the irony of importing components while promoting "American manufacturing" [3] Group 2: Tariff Implications - The exemption list serves as a diagnostic report for policymakers, showing ongoing dependence on Chinese supply chains for medical supplies and highlighting the insufficient domestic capacity to meet infrastructure demands [5] - Data indicates that out of 325 exempted items, 289 have seen a decline in U.S. domestic production over the past two years, emphasizing the challenges in rebuilding supply chains [7] Group 3: Political Calculations - The exemption strategy is a calculated political move, aimed at addressing voter concerns over inflation while allowing time for the "manufacturing return" initiative [5] - The selection of complex intermediate goods helps maintain U.S. factory operations without directly boosting Chinese brands, while the 2026 deadline aligns with the next presidential term, providing room for policy adjustments [7] - The ongoing trade dynamics between the U.S. and China reflect the resilience of global supply chains, with the extended exemption list serving as both an opportunity and a warning for China to continuously strengthen its industrial advantages [7]