2025年即将过去 回顾这一年 一项项大国工程、一件件大国重器 都是我们认真走过的见证 飞天向星辰 中国探索浩瀚宇宙永不停步 在太空留下越来越多的中国足迹 其中有动人的"同框"瞬间 也有天地同心的安稳 5月29日，我国行星探测工程天问二号探测 器发射升空，任务包括对小行星2016H03 进行探测、取样并返回地球等。10月1日，天 问三号与地球的"自拍"合影图像发布，探 测器上的五星红旗与地球同框。 新闻 大門二号向框 上一 说参丁昌亨】 [ 央视 新闻 感卫星已超400颗! 巡逸试验成功 A TO D U 6月17日,我国成功组织实施梦舟载人飞船 零高度逃逸飞行试验，载人月球探测工程研 制工作取得新突破。 "梦舟"是我国面向后 续载人航天任务完全自主研发的新一代载人 天地往返运输飞行器, 可搭载最多7名航天 员,整船性能达国际先进水平。 野 t firstill 11月14日，神舟三十三号载人飞船返回舱成功 着陆，神舟二十号乘组成员安全顺利出舱，3 名航天员在轨驻留204天, 刷新中国航天员单 个乘组在轨驻留时间最长纪录。其间,完成了 4次出舱活动和多次货物进出舱任务,开展了 大量空间科学实 (试) 验。 首 ...

该载荷研制项目旨在实现火星大气水汽及其同位素高精度、宽覆盖探测，以及火星全球大气风场的 三维立体探测，揭示火星水的逃逸机制与演化历史、火星大气风场特征及演变机理，为中国深空探测事 业发展提供科学与技术支撑。 2022年，中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院与澳门科技大学成立深空物质成分光谱探测联合实验室。 此次香港中文大学正式加入后，实验室升级为三方共建平台，三方将聚焦深空探测中的关键科学问题， 重点发展高灵敏度、高分辨率光谱探测技术，开展火星、月球等天体物质成分的原位与遥感探测研究， 联合培养具备全球视野的行星科学与空间技术复合型人才。 本次载荷研制项目由香港中文大学牵头，是深空物质成分光谱探测联合实验室的重点研究任务。 12 月 14 日，深空物质成分光谱探测联合实验室揭牌。 中新社记者 韩苏原 摄 天问三号"激光外差光谱仪"载荷研制项目14日在安徽合肥启动。 天问三号是中国研制的火星取样返回任务探测器，是中国行星探测工程的重要组成部分。 ...

Core Viewpoint - China successfully launched the Tianwen-2 probe on May 29, 2023, to explore asteroid 2016HO3 and comet 311P, marking a significant step in planetary exploration and sample collection [2][16]. Group 1: Mission Overview - The Tianwen-2 mission consists of two phases: the first phase (2025-2027) involves flying to and sampling the near-Earth asteroid 2016HO3, which is considered a potential source of primordial solar system information [5][16]. - The second phase (2028-2035) will focus on observing the main-belt comet 311P, which has characteristics of both comets and asteroids, to study its volatile components and formation [5][16]. Group 2: Future Missions - The Tianwen-3 mission is planned for launch around 2028, with a goal to return samples from Mars by 2031, including surface and subsurface samples weighing no less than 500 grams [6][16]. - Tianwen-4 is scheduled for around 2030, focusing on orbiting Jupiter and its moon Europa to investigate their spatial and internal structures [6][17]. Group 3: Scientific Goals - The primary scientific objectives of Tianwen-3 include searching for signs of extraterrestrial life, understanding the evolution of Mars' habitable environment, and studying its geological structure [8][12]. - The mission aims to clarify the distribution and evolution of water on Mars, as well as the mechanisms of atmospheric escape, which are crucial for understanding planetary habitability [10][12]. Group 4: Importance of Landing Site - The selection of landing sites for the Tianwen-3 mission is critical for achieving its scientific goals, requiring precise identification of high-value scientific locations that also meet engineering feasibility [12][18]. - The research team is employing methods similar to "mineral prediction" on Earth to evaluate potential landing sites on Mars, considering geological evolution, ancient climate, and water activity [13][18]. Group 5: Broader Context of Planetary Exploration - The exploration of Mars and other celestial bodies is part of a broader strategy to understand planetary habitability and the potential for extraterrestrial life, which is a significant focus of global scientific efforts [8][19]. - Following the Tianwen series, China plans to continue advancing its planetary exploration initiatives, including missions to Venus and the icy moons of the outer solar system [19][20].

Core Points - The successful launch of Shenzhou-20 marks China's 15th manned flight in the Shenzhou series, coinciding with the 10th "China Space Day" and highlighting advancements in China's lunar and space exploration efforts [1][3] - The Shenzhou-20 mission is the 5th manned flight during the space station application and development phase, reinforcing China's position in the next era of space exploration [3] - China aims to become the next country to land humans on the Moon and to be the first to retrieve samples from Mars, with significant progress already made towards these goals [3][6] Industry Developments - The China National Space Administration (CNSA) announced the selection results for the Chang'e 8 lunar mission collaboration projects, involving 10 projects from 11 countries and regions [4] - The Chang'e 8 mission is planned for launch around 2029, focusing on scientific exploration and resource utilization near the Moon's south pole [5] - CNSA has opened international cooperation opportunities for the Tianwen-3 Mars sample return mission, offering 20 kilograms of resources for collaborative research [5][6] International Collaboration - China is actively engaging in space diplomacy, with plans for a Pakistani astronaut to become the first foreign national to visit the Chinese space station [6] - The country has signed nearly 200 intergovernmental space cooperation agreements with over 50 countries and international organizations, covering various fields including lunar exploration and manned spaceflight [6]