新浪财经 康路 2025年12月4日，盖茨基金会发布的《2025目标守卫者报告》显示，全球5岁以下儿童的可预防死亡人数 在经历二十余年持续下降后，今年极有可能出现本世纪以来的首次上升。在卫生援助资金骤减、政府债 务高企、卫生体系承压的多重挑战下，全球健康进展正处于关键十字路口。 盖茨基金会首席执行官 马克·苏斯曼（Mark Suzman） 就此接受全球媒体群访时表示，今年的趋势令人 痛心："据 IHME 的预测，今年非常可能成为本世纪以来儿童可预防死亡人数首次上升的一年。这是我 们最不愿看到的，但却是一个痛心的事实。" 他指出，过去推动全球健康进步的高收入国家正在削减对外发展援助，导致关键健康项目面临资金紧缩 压力。正如报告所示，若这种削减持续下去，对全球最脆弱儿童的影响将极为严重："如果这些削减持 续发生，那么未来二十年可能会导致更多可预防死亡的发生。……削减 20%–30% 可能导致1200 万到 1600 万儿童的额外死亡。" 苏斯曼强调，这一逆转并非不可避免，但需要全球领导人迅速采取行动。他指出，人类正站在一个科学 突破不断涌现的时代，却面临资金无法支撑创新落地的矛盾。他进一步强调，无论全球面临多大财 ...

Core Points - South Africa has officially approved the new long-acting injectable HIV prevention drug, Lenacapavir, making it the first country in Africa to do so [1] - The drug, developed by Gilead Sciences, requires only two injections per year, providing up to six months of immune protection against HIV [1] - The South African government plans to launch the drug by March 2026, aiming to significantly reduce the annual treatment cost through agreements with Gilead and seven other pharmaceutical companies [1] - Lenacapavir is considered the most effective HIV prevention drug to date, which is particularly significant for South Africa, where the HIV infection rate is high [1] - The FDA has already approved Lenacapavir for HIV prevention in the United States, with a market price of $28,000 per person per year [1]

Group 1 - The 2025 World Top Scientists Forum opened in Shanghai, focusing on "Future Science: Shanghai and the World," featuring around 150 scientists from over 10 countries, including 4 Nobel Prize winners and 4 Turing Award winners, making it one of the highest-profile international scientific conferences in Asia [1] - Keynote speeches covered cutting-edge topics in information technology, life sciences, and physics, highlighting the responsibility of scientists to address global challenges through their research [1] - Artificial intelligence is emerging as a hot topic in the scientific field, with Turing Award winner Jack Dongarra emphasizing that AI's impact will surpass that of the internet, and that supercomputers will continue to play a crucial role in understanding the world [1] Group 2 - Turing Award winner and Chinese Academy of Sciences member Yao Qizhi is advocating for a comprehensive safety perspective to address "survival risks" posed by rapidly evolving technologies like synthetic biology, AI, and quantum computing [2] - Yao Qizhi highlighted the need for post-quantum cryptography research due to the potential of quantum computers to break standard encryption systems, particularly RSA [2] - Nobel laureate Barry Sharpless noted that the collaboration between "click chemistry" and AI will revolutionize traditional drug development pathways, aiming for a world where everyone has access to medical care [2] Group 3 - The World Top Scientists Association Award, one of the highest scientific awards globally, has recognized 12 scientists over four editions, enhancing its influence and connectivity within the global scientific community [3] - Scott Emmer, a recipient of the award, expressed that participating in the forum and award ceremony in Shanghai provided valuable opportunities for interaction with Chinese scientists and opened doors for more collaboration between the US and Chinese scientific communities [3]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 World Top Scientists Forum held in Shanghai highlights the importance of scientific collaboration and innovation, featuring significant awards and discussions among leading scientists from around the world [1][2][4]. Group 1: Event Overview - The forum took place from October 24 to 26, 2025, under the theme "Future Science: Shanghai and the World," attracting 25 top-tier award-winning scientists [1]. - The event is recognized as one of the highest-profile international scientific conferences in Asia, showcasing a diverse range of scientific inquiries and discussions [1][4]. Group 2: Awards and Recognitions - The World Top Scientists Association Award, comparable to the Nobel Prize, was presented during the forum, with the "Life Sciences or Medicine Award" going to Scott Emmer and Wes Sundquist for their groundbreaking work on cellular mechanisms [2][3]. - The "Intelligent Science or Mathematics Award" was awarded to Richard S. Hamilton for his pioneering contributions in geometric analysis and differential geometry [2]. Group 3: Scientific Contributions - Emmer's research on the ESCRT pathway has been pivotal in understanding how cells manage protein degradation, which has implications for combating diseases like HIV [2][3]. - The pharmaceutical industry has leveraged these foundational biological discoveries, leading to significant advancements in HIV treatment, exemplified by Gilead Sciences' development of a revolutionary drug [3]. Group 4: Collaborative Opportunities - The forum has fostered connections between international scientists and the Chinese scientific community, enhancing collaborative research opportunities [3][5]. - Notable scientists expressed pride in being part of the award-winning community and emphasized the importance of building relationships for future scientific endeavors [3][5]. Group 5: Forum Structure and Participation - The forum featured a comprehensive structure with one main forum, six sub-forums, and over ten related activities, focusing on various scientific disciplines and promoting in-depth discussions [4]. - Approximately 150 scientists from over ten countries participated, including four Nobel laureates and numerous distinguished young scientists, reflecting the forum's global reach and influence [5].

Core Viewpoint - Global solidarity is essential to end the AIDS epidemic, as emphasized by Winnie Byanyima, Executive Director of the UNAIDS, during an interview [3][5]. Group 1: Progress in AIDS Control - Significant progress has been made in combating AIDS over the past decades, with a notable decline in new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths since 2010 [3]. - In 2023, nearly 31 million people are receiving antiretroviral therapy, which is one of the most effective means to control the AIDS epidemic [3][5]. Group 2: Importance of International Cooperation - The success in fighting AIDS is attributed to the collective efforts of countries, particularly in supporting those with heavier burdens [3][5]. - Continuous international cooperation is necessary to achieve the goal of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030, as some countries have reduced foreign aid and budgets impacting AIDS prevention efforts [3][5]. Group 3: Role of Education and Gender Equality - Addressing social challenges, including education and gender equality, is crucial in preventing new infections, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where women and girls are significantly affected [5]. - Keeping girls in school is highlighted as one of the most effective ways to prevent them from contracting HIV [5]. Group 4: Technological Innovations - Recent technological innovations, such as the new antiretroviral drug lenacapavir, are seen as potential breakthroughs in AIDS treatment [5]. - There is a call for governments, businesses, and international organizations to collaborate in making new technologies and medications accessible to more populations [5]. Group 5: Holistic Approach to AIDS Prevention - Combating AIDS requires more than just reliance on medication; lifestyle changes and achieving social equality are also important defenses [6].

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is maintained at "Overweight" [2] Core Views - The report highlights the establishment of the first national vaccine inspection center in Beijing, expected to accelerate the market entry of innovative vaccines [3] - The draft of the Medical Security Law was presented, which may enhance the insurance coverage for vaccines during major infectious disease outbreaks [3] - The vaccine industry is currently facing performance pressure due to supply-demand imbalances, with a high proportion of Me-too products leading to intense competition and price declines [7][26] - Long-term focus on innovation and international expansion is recommended as key strategies for companies in the vaccine sector [7][28] Market Performance - The vaccine sector saw a 1.36% increase last week, with a cumulative decline of 9.84% since the beginning of 2025 [4][10] - The overall pharmaceutical sector experienced a 1.6% increase during the same period [4] Company Performance - Top-performing companies in the vaccine sector include Jindike, Kanghua Biological, and Liaoning Chengda, while underperformers include CanSino and Watson Biologics [5] Valuation Metrics - The vaccine sector's PE (ttm) is 72.25X, with a PB (lf) of 1.76X, indicating a slight increase in valuation metrics compared to previous periods [6] Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies with strong R&D capabilities and innovative products, recommending Kanghua Biological and CanSino as potential investment opportunities [8][28]