不仅如此，这一年中国不断完善经济领域立法，修改反不正当竞争法、海商法、对外贸易法、仲裁 法……一系列法律的修改出台有助于维护市场经济健康运行，优化对外贸易发展环境，足见立法护航高 质量发展的深意。 法典长卷启，青山入画来。今年4月，生态环境法典草案首次亮相。继民法典之后，中国第二部以"法 典"命名的法律立法进程备受关注。 (年终特稿)2025，中国立法的深意、绿意与暖意 中新社北京12月29日电 (记者 谢雁冰)随着2025年最后一次全国人大常委会会议落幕，年度"立法答 卷"呈现在公众面前。 一年来，从5月公布年度立法工作计划，到年末完成一系列重点法律草案审议，全国人大常委会持续以 高质量立法保障高质量发展，守护民众美好生活。 "通过！"4月30日上午，人民大会堂内，十四届全国人大常委会第十五次会议表决通过民营经济促进 法，该法自5月20日起施行。中国有了第一部专门关于民营经济发展的基础性法律。 从"公平竞争""投资融资促进""科技创新"，到"规范经营""服务保障""权益保护"，民营经济促进法积极 回应民营企业发展中的重点关切，法治"定心丸"提振民营经济发展信心。 一年来，全国人大常委会加强社会民生领域立法， ...

Group 1 - The importance of rule of law as a key guarantee for Chinese-style modernization is emphasized, with December 4 marking the twelfth National Constitution Day and various activities promoting Xi Jinping's rule of law thought [1] - The construction of a legal system in China is evolving, with the compilation of the Civil Code, amendments to the Legislative Law, and the establishment of laws such as the Private Economy Promotion Law and the Personal Information Protection Law [1][2] - The implementation and supervision of the rule of law are highlighted through initiatives aimed at creating a law-based business environment and reforming law enforcement and judicial responsibility systems [1][3] Group 2 - The 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session outlines a grand blueprint for the next five years, emphasizing the construction of a socialist rule of law state as a major goal [2] - The necessity of utilizing legal thinking and methods to address challenges and enhance governance in the context of modernization is stressed [2][3] - The establishment of a unified national market is supported by the introduction of the Fair Competition Review Regulations to eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation [3] Group 3 - The 40th anniversary of national legal education is marked by the implementation of the Law on Legal Publicity and Education, signifying a new era of institutionalized and standardized legal education [3] - The promotion of legal awareness and compliance among the populace is identified as a foundational task for the rule of law in the country [3][4] - The call for a collective effort to create a new chapter in the construction of a rule of law in China is made, emphasizing the need for law to become a common belief in society [4]

"推进全面依法治国是国家治理的一场深刻变革"。 习近平总书记近日对全面依法治国工作作出重要指示强调，"全面推进国家各方面工作法治化""各部门 各领域要严格依法办事，合力开创法治中国建设新局面"。 党的二十届四中全会通过的《建议》把"社会主义法治国家建设达到更高水平"写入"十五五"时期经济社 会发展的主要目标，并对坚持全面依法治国作出一系列重大部署。 以历史主动精神克难关、战风险、迎挑战，必须掌握科学的思想方法和工作方法，提高驾驭复杂局面、 处理复杂问题的本领。 "各级党组织和党员、干部要强化依法治国、依法执政观念，提高运用法治思维和法治方式深化改革、 推动发展、化解矛盾、维护稳定、应对风险的能力。" 新时代新征程，党员、干部学思践悟习近平法治思想，以法治思维和法治方式破解难题，补齐治理短 板，不断推进全面依法治国伟大实践。 运用法治思维和法治方式解决经济社会发展面临的深层次问题 "在法治轨道上全面建设社会主义现代化国家""在法治轨道上推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化""在 法治轨道上深化改革，做到改革和法治相统一"…… 面对"民营经济离场论""新公私合营论"等错误言论，针对阻碍民营经济发展的各类"卷帘门""玻 ...

"推进全面依法治国是国家治理的一场深刻变革"。 习近平总书记近日对全面依法治国工作作出重要指示强调，"全面推进国家各方面工作法治化""各部门 各领域要严格依法办事，合力开创法治中国建设新局面"。 党的二十届四中全会通过的《建议》把"社会主义法治国家建设达到更高水平"写入"十五五"时期经济社 会发展的主要目标，并对坚持全面依法治国作出一系列重大部署。 以历史主动精神克难关、战风险、迎挑战，必须掌握科学的思想方法和工作方法，提高驾驭复杂局面、 处理复杂问题的本领。 "各级党组织和党员、干部要强化依法治国、依法执政观念，提高运用法治思维和法治方式深化改革、 推动发展、化解矛盾、维护稳定、应对风险的能力。" 新时代新征程，党员、干部学思践悟习近平法治思想，以法治思维和法治方式破解难题，补齐治理短 板，不断推进全面依法治国伟大实践。 运用法治思维和法治方式解决经济社会发展面临的深层次问题 "在法治轨道上全面建设社会主义现代化国家""在法治轨道上推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化""在 法治轨道上深化改革，做到改革和法治相统一"…… 把法治思维和法治方式贯穿党治国理政各方面、全过程，让国家和社会生活真正实现在法治轨道上运 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of the rule of law as a fundamental guarantee for the modernization of socialism in China, highlighting significant progress and achievements in the construction of a rule-of-law society during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [1][2]. Group 1: Legislative Developments - The legislative framework in China is being strengthened through a collaborative approach involving party leadership, the National People's Congress (NPC), government support, and participation from various sectors [2]. - Key laws have been introduced or amended in recent years, including the Personal Information Protection Law and the Rural Revitalization Promotion Law, addressing urgent needs for economic and social development [2][3]. - The implementation of the Private Economy Promotion Law signifies the government's commitment to supporting high-quality development through legal means [2]. Group 2: Legal Framework and Governance - The NPC and its Standing Committee are advancing scientific, democratic, and lawful legislation to ensure high-quality development, with a focus on adapting the legal system to contemporary needs [2][4]. - The establishment of the Hainan Free Trade Port Law provides a framework for the operational and management aspects of the free trade port, ensuring legal compliance in major reforms [3]. Group 3: Public Legal Education - Nationwide legal education initiatives are being integrated into daily life and grassroots governance, utilizing various methods such as animation and traditional performances to enhance public understanding of the law [3]. - Community-based legal awareness programs, like the "Civil Code Lecture Group," aim to educate citizens through real-life examples, fostering a deeper understanding of legal principles [3]. Group 4: Future Directions - The ongoing drafting of a new round of the Rule of Law Construction Plan reflects the commitment to enhancing the legal system in alignment with the goals of socialist modernization [4].

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of establishing a rule of law as a foundation for modern governance in China, highlighting the recent approval of the 15th Five-Year Plan which underscores the commitment to comprehensive rule of law [1][31] - It discusses the significant advancements in legal frameworks, including the introduction of laws that support both public and private economic sectors, marking a milestone in China's legal development [3][5] - The article outlines various legislative initiatives aimed at enhancing environmental protection, food safety, and administrative regulations, reflecting a responsive approach to societal needs and challenges [6][9][10] Legislative Developments - The introduction of the Private Economy Promotion Law represents a historic acknowledgment of the legal status of the private sector, aiming for sustainable and high-quality development [3] - The ongoing legislative process for the Ecological Environment Law aims to safeguard public health and ecological rights, indicating a strong commitment to environmental governance [5] - New laws such as the Longjiang Protection Law and amendments to existing laws demonstrate a proactive approach to addressing contemporary issues and enhancing social stability [6] Law Enforcement and Governance - The article highlights the establishment of a legal framework that delineates the boundaries between government and market operations, promoting a law-based governance model [9][16] - It notes the reduction in administrative inspections and the improvement in compliance rates, indicating a more efficient regulatory environment for businesses [15] - The emphasis on fair and just law enforcement practices aims to enhance public trust in the legal system and ensure that citizens experience fairness in judicial processes [10][22] Public Engagement and Education - The establishment of grassroots legislative contact points facilitates public participation in the legislative process, ensuring that laws reflect the voices of the people [8] - The promotion of legal education and awareness campaigns aims to instill a culture of lawfulness among citizens, contributing to a more law-abiding society [25][29] - The article discusses the integration of legal education into various societal sectors, enhancing the public's understanding of their rights and responsibilities [28]

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of establishing a rule of law as a foundation for modern governance in China, highlighting the recent approval of the 15th Five-Year Plan which underscores the commitment to comprehensive rule of law [1][2][31] Legislative Developments - The introduction of the Private Economy Promotion Law marks a significant milestone in legal recognition and support for the private sector, emphasizing the government's long-term commitment to fostering a healthy and high-quality development of the private economy [3][5] - The ongoing legislative process for the Ecological Environment Law aims to address public health and environmental rights, reflecting a comprehensive approach to ecological governance [5][6] - New laws such as the Yangtze River Protection Law and amendments to various existing laws demonstrate a proactive response to societal needs and environmental challenges [6][7] Law Enforcement and Governance - The establishment of model regions for rule of law governance aims to set benchmarks for effective governance, promoting a culture of legal compliance and accountability [9][10] - The implementation of a comprehensive administrative enforcement system is designed to enhance the quality and transparency of law enforcement, ensuring that citizens experience fairness and justice [10][11] Judicial Reforms - The introduction of the Administrative Review Law aims to improve the administrative review process, enhancing the legal framework for citizens to challenge administrative decisions [11][12] - The establishment of a unified judicial service system aims to make judicial processes more accessible and efficient for the public, reinforcing the principle of justice for all [21][22] Public Legal Education - The implementation of the Law Popularization Education Law signifies a shift towards institutionalizing legal education, aiming to enhance public awareness and understanding of the law [24][25] - Nationwide initiatives to promote legal literacy among citizens, particularly in schools, are designed to cultivate a culture of lawfulness and respect for legal norms [25][28] Conclusion - The overarching theme of the article is the commitment to building a rule of law society in China, which is seen as essential for achieving national governance goals and enhancing the quality of life for citizens [30][31]

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a rule of law-based business environment is crucial for attracting talent and capital, which is beneficial for development. Recent legal reforms have provided reassurance to private entrepreneurs [1][3]. Group 1: Legal Reforms - Over the past five years, China has made significant progress in establishing a rule of law-based business environment through scientific, democratic, and lawful legislation, with 115 laws related to private economy, company law, and anti-monopoly law being enacted or amended [3]. - Additionally, 158 administrative regulations, including those on fair competition review and payment guarantees for small and medium enterprises, have been established or amended [3]. - A comprehensive review of over 600 existing administrative regulations has been conducted to eliminate unequal policies and laws affecting enterprises, supporting the creation of a unified market and promoting high-quality development [3]. Group 2: Government Services - The previous challenges of bureaucratic inefficiency have been addressed, with new experiences such as "one-stop service" and "data-driven processes" becoming part of daily operations [5]. Group 3: Market Environment - The combination of an effective market and proactive government has led to the establishment of a legal economy and credit economy, resulting in a continuously optimized business environment. China is now recognized as one of the countries with the fastest and most significant improvements in the business environment among major global economies [7].

Core Viewpoint - The private economy is a vital force in advancing Chinese-style modernization and high-quality development, necessitating a legal framework to support its growth [1][2][3] Group 1: Legal Environment and Private Economy - The construction of a legal business environment is an inherent requirement for the growth of the private economy, as a higher level of legal governance leads to safer transactions and more stable expectations for entrepreneurs [2][3] - The Private Economy Promotion Law emphasizes equal treatment and fair competition for private enterprises, which is essential for optimizing the legal business environment [3][4] Group 2: Protection of Rights and Interests - A legal business environment provides crucial protection for the legitimate rights and interests of private enterprises, ensuring they receive equal legal protection in their investment activities [4][5] - The Constitution mandates the protection of individual and private economic rights, reinforcing the need for a fair legal framework that supports private enterprises [4][5] Group 3: Stability and Predictability - A stable legal environment is fundamental for maintaining the development expectations of private enterprises, as it reduces uncertainties and encourages investment and production expansion [5][6] - Enhancing the legal business environment helps establish a good economic and social order, which is vital for stabilizing expectations and boosting entrepreneurial confidence [5][6] Group 4: Innovation and Creativity - The legal business environment supports innovation by providing a predictable legal framework that encourages private enterprises to engage in technological advancements [7][8] - Private enterprises contribute significantly to technological innovation, accounting for over 70% of such achievements in China, highlighting the importance of a supportive legal environment for fostering innovation [7][8] Group 5: Legislative and Regulatory Framework - The legal framework for the business environment has been strengthened through various laws and regulations, including the 2020 "Optimizing Business Environment Regulations" and the 2021 Civil Code [9][10] - Continuous legislative efforts aim to ensure equal treatment of state-owned and private enterprises, providing a solid legal basis for the high-quality development of the private economy [9][10] Group 6: Enforcement and Compliance - Regulatory enforcement has been improved to reduce the compliance burden on enterprises, with measures such as the introduction of a list of minor violations that are not penalized [10][11] - The focus on fair and transparent enforcement practices is essential for protecting the rights of private enterprises and fostering a conducive business environment [10][11] Group 7: Judicial Support - The judicial system plays a critical role in ensuring fair competition and resolving disputes, with efforts to enhance judicial efficiency and fairness in handling commercial cases [11][12] - The establishment of mediation platforms and improved bankruptcy processes are part of the ongoing efforts to support private enterprises in resolving conflicts [11][12] Group 8: Awareness and Education - Promoting legal awareness among enterprises is crucial for fostering a culture of compliance and reducing transaction costs, thereby enhancing the overall business environment [12][13] - Initiatives such as legal education campaigns and public legal services aim to improve the legal literacy of private enterprises and their stakeholders [12][13] Group 9: Future Directions - Continuous improvement of the legal business environment is necessary to meet the evolving needs of the private economy, ensuring fair access to resources and protection of rights [13][14] - Emphasis on protecting legitimate rights and interests, along with regulatory compliance, will be key to sustaining the growth of the private economy in the long term [14][15]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that the construction of a rule-of-law China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period has achieved significant progress and historical achievements, providing strong support for the new chapter of writing the "two miracles" of rapid economic development and long-term social stability [1][2] - Legislative achievements during the "14th Five-Year Plan" include the enactment of 36 new laws and amendments to 63 laws, focusing on key issues such as promoting the private economy and ensuring food security [2][3] - The establishment of 54 grassroots legislative contact points has facilitated the collection of over 35,000 opinions on various legislative matters, enhancing public participation in the legislative process [3] Group 2 - The judicial system has strengthened the protection of social fairness and justice, with courts concluding 5.231 million criminal cases and 23.466 million civil cases related to people's livelihoods during the "14th Five-Year Plan" [4] - The prosecution has actively supervised legal proceedings, with 194,000 cases initiated due to failures to file by investigative agencies and 96,000 suggestions for retrials and appeals made [5] - The judicial administrative agencies have resolved over 79 million disputes with a success rate exceeding 95%, showcasing their role in multi-faceted dispute resolution [6] Group 3 - Law enforcement has been enhanced to protect various business entities, with 49,000 criminal law enforcement issues addressed to create a law-based business environment [7] - The prosecution has handled 348,000 public interest litigation cases in the ecological environment sector, with 90% being administrative public interest cases, contributing to environmental protection efforts [8] - The police have implemented measures to address new security challenges, including cross-border gambling and online violence, while the Supreme Court aims to strengthen the enforcement of personal rights protections in the digital economy [9]