公众号记得加星标⭐️，第一时间看推送不会错过。 自GPU成为主流以来，英伟达一直主导着GPU计算领域。该公司推出的Blackwell B200 GPU有望成 为新一代的顶级计算GPU。与前几代产品不同，Blackwell无法像以往那样依靠制程节点的改进。台 积电的4NP制程可能比上一代Hopper所使用的4N制程有所提升，但不太可能像之前的全节点缩小那 样带来显著的性能提升。 因此，Blackwell放弃了英伟达久经考验的单芯片设计，转而采用两个光罩大小的芯片。这两个芯片 在软件层面被视为一个独立的GPU，这使得B200成为英伟达首款芯片级GPU。每个B200芯片物理上 包含80个流式多处理器（SM），类似于CPU的核心。B200每个芯片支持74个SM，因此整个GPU共 有148个SM。时钟频率与 H100 的高功率 SXM5 版本相似。 | Nvidia B200 | Nvidia H100 SXM5 | AMD Radeon Instinct MI300X | | --- | --- | --- | | Power Target 1000W | 700W | 750W | | 1.965 GHz | 1. ...

纵观2025年，混合算力集群已经成为行业追求极致性价比的必然技术选项，而去年年初时，建设混合万卡算力还是一种权 衡。 近期，英伟达H200是否能重新销往中国市场引发市场高度关注。尽管目前尚无定论，但无论如何，打造国产算力仍是中国 企业的必修课。在这一过程中，构建"异构算力调度"的技术护城河正在成为当下热议的话题。 12月16日，在一场智能体生态论坛上，之江实验室副主任、浙江大学长聘教授何水兵表示，纵观2025年，混合算力集群已 经成为行业追求极致性价比的必然技术选项。 推动软硬协同和多元异构技术 去年年初时，建设混合万卡算力还是一种权衡。"能不混就不混是当时的主流观点。"何水兵表示，"但现在混合算力已经 成为共识。" 今年，英特尔结合了自家的Gaudi 3加速器与英伟达B200 GPU，打造了高效的异构AI系统，将英伟达B200集群的推理极限 提升高达70%。 何水兵表示，软硬件协同是解决算力挑战的一大趋势。英伟达的软件平台CUDA已经成为该公司技术重要的"护城河"，开 发者对于英伟达CUDA芯片编程软件高度依赖。而中国厂商也正在构建自己的"异构算力调度"护城河。 "智能算力的发展是一场涉及技术、生态和应用的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the illegal export of Nvidia's advanced AI chips, particularly the B200 GPU, to China despite U.S. export restrictions, highlighting the emergence of a black market for these products [1][2][3]. Group 1: Nvidia's AI Chips and Black Market Activity - Following the tightening of U.S. export controls on AI chips to China, at least $1 billion worth of restricted Nvidia advanced AI processors have been shipped to mainland China [1]. - The B200 GPU has become the most popular chip in China's semiconductor black market, widely used by major U.S. companies like OpenAI, Google, and Meta for training AI systems [1][2]. - Despite the ban on selling advanced AI chips to China, it is legal for Chinese entities to receive and sell these chips as long as they pay the relevant border tariffs [1][2]. Group 2: Distribution and Sales Channels - A company named "Gate of the Era" has emerged as a major distributor of the B200, having sold nearly $400 million worth of these products [3]. - The B200 racks are sold at prices ranging from 3 million to 3.5 million RMB (approximately $489,000), which is lower than the initial price of over 4 million RMB [3]. - The sales of these chips are facilitated through various distributors in provinces like Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Anhui, with significant quantities being sold to data center providers [2][3]. Group 3: Market Dynamics and Future Outlook - The demand for Nvidia's B200 chips remains high due to their performance and relative ease of maintenance, despite U.S. export controls [11]. - Following the easing of the H20 export ban, the black market sales of B200 and other restricted Nvidia chips have reportedly decreased as companies weigh their options [13]. - Southeast Asian countries are becoming key transit points for Chinese companies to acquire restricted chips, with potential tightening of export controls being discussed by the U.S. government [13][15]. Group 4: Repair and Maintenance Services - There is a growing demand for repair services for Nvidia's high-end chips, with some companies in China specializing in the maintenance of H100 and A100 chips that have entered the market through special channels [17]. - The average monthly repair volume for these AI chips has reached 500 units, indicating a significant market need for maintenance services [17][18]. - The introduction of the H20 chip has seen limited market acceptance due to its high price and inability to meet the demands for training large language models [18].