台积电位于亚利桑那州的首座工厂已正式投产 4 纳米制 程芯片，而第二座工厂将负责 3 纳米制程的大规模量 产，目标投产时间锁定 2027 年。此次加速扩产的核心原 因之一，是台积电正面临市场对 4 纳米、3 纳米乃至 2 纳米等尖端制程的海量需求，目前高性能计算客户已占 据该公司芯片产能的很大一部分。与此同时，人工智能 热潮尚无降温迹象，台积电因此计划扩大整体产能规 模，亚利桑那州工厂的升级工作正是这一战略的落地举 措。 报道还提及另一个重要原因：台积电当下正面临来自区 域竞争对手的激烈冲击。除了英特尔在 18A 制程技术上 持续突破，三星晶圆代工业务也迅速崛起，成为不容小 觑的强劲对手。此前报道称，三星拟加码其泰勒晶圆厂 的建设规划，摒弃原计划的 4 纳米制程，直接上马 SF2（2 纳米）制程工艺。这家韩国芯片巨头还成功 拿下特斯拉这一核心大客户，这一动态也表明，众多客户正在积极寻找台积电之外的可靠替代供应方。 IT之家 12 月 30 日消息，据韩媒 Digital Daily 报道，芯片巨头台积电正大幅提前其亚利桑那州晶圆厂的 制程节点量产时间表，3 纳米制程的大规模量产或将在 2027 年启动，较原计 ...

年末欢聚，共启新程！ 设计 | 甄 尤美 撰文 | 张 霖郁 编辑 | 黄大 路 据当地时间2025年12月19日路透社报道，丰田将把在美国生产的三款车型——凯美瑞、汉兰达和坦途（Tundra）反向出口到日本。 丰田的目的是为了改善日美贸易关系，并顺应特朗普（Donald Trump）对缩减逆差的要求。 这一决定具有象征意义：日本逆向进口曾是美国多年的关注点，通过将美国制造的车型引回本土销售，意味着日本汽车产业的主动示好。 丰田公司高层也表示，虽然并未明确承诺额外10亿美元投资，但将继续扩大在美生产和用工。 日本政府在特朗普第二任期初期宣布了对美新增制造业投资的系列举措。 2025年，日本公布了一份约550亿美元规模的对美潜在投资项目清单，涵盖能源、半导体、材料、汽车、机器人等行业。此外，多家日本大企业 纷纷表态要加码美国产能。 软银、西屋电气、东芝等日本企业也列入名单，计划在美国开展包括核电和半导体在内的重磅项目。 汽车业回流 特朗普政府新一轮产业政策推动下，美国汽车制造业出现多方扩产、投资和调整的现象。 外资车企方面，丰田此前宣布将在北卡罗来纳州启动13亿美元电池工厂，并确认未来5年将继续在美投资100亿 ...

Core Viewpoint - TSMC is accelerating the construction and production timelines of its Arizona factories in response to strong demand from major clients like Apple, AMD, and NVIDIA, despite the higher costs associated with U.S. manufacturing [2][3][4]. Group 1: TSMC's Expansion Plans - TSMC's first Arizona factory is set to begin mass production of 4nm technology in Q4 2024, with plans for the second factory to adopt 3nm technology and potentially start production as early as 2026 [2][5]. - The third factory is under construction and will utilize 2nm and A16 process technologies, with production timelines being expedited due to strong AI-related demand [3][10]. - TSMC's overall investment in U.S. facilities is projected to reach $165 billion, including six wafer fabs and two advanced packaging plants [5]. Group 2: Client Demand and Pricing - Major clients, including NVIDIA and OpenAI, are increasingly relying on TSMC for advanced semiconductor manufacturing, with NVIDIA's CEO confirming orders for various products including CPUs and GPUs [2][3]. - AMD's CEO noted that chips produced in Arizona are 5% to 20% more expensive than those made in Taiwan, reflecting the higher operational costs in the U.S. [4]. - TSMC has acknowledged that the higher costs of U.S. production will dilute its gross margins by approximately 2% to 3% in the initial years, increasing to 3% to 4% later on [3][7]. Group 3: Financial Performance - TSMC's Arizona factory has begun contributing positively to revenue, reporting an investment gain of 6.447 billion TWD, marking a significant turnaround after four years of losses [7]. - The profitability of the Arizona facility is attributed to high capacity utilization, with major clients like Apple and AMD filling orders rapidly [7][8]. - In contrast, TSMC's Kumamoto factory in Japan continues to operate at a loss due to lower capacity utilization and market demand challenges [7][8]. Group 4: Future Production Capacity - TSMC plans to ramp up production capacity for its 2nm technology, with expectations of reaching a monthly capacity of 100,000 wafers by the end of 2026 [11]. - The company is adjusting its production plans based on client demand and market conditions, ensuring that the expansion in the U.S. does not significantly detract from its Taiwanese operations [11].

Core Insights - TSMC's Arizona factory is projected to achieve a net profit of 4.52 billion NTD (approximately 1.065 billion RMB) in the first half of 2025, a significant turnaround from a loss of 4.34 billion NTD (approximately 1.023 billion RMB) in the same period last year [1][3] Group 1: Financial Performance - The Arizona facility's strong market demand and high capacity utilization are key factors contributing to the expected profitability [1] - TSMC's joint venture in Kumamoto, Japan, is expected to incur a loss of 4.52 billion NTD in the first half of 2025, worsening from a loss of 1.48 billion NTD in the previous year [3] Group 2: Production and Technology - The first phase of TSMC's Arizona factory is set to begin mass production in Q4 2024, utilizing 4nm process technology to serve major clients like Apple, NVIDIA, and AMD [3] - The second phase of the Arizona factory will adopt a more advanced 3nm process, enhancing TSMC's competitiveness in the high-performance chip market [3] Group 3: Government Subsidies - TSMC received a total of 67.13 billion NTD in government subsidies from the US, Germany, and Japan in the first half of 2025, a substantial increase from 7.96 billion NTD in the same period last year [3] - These subsidies are primarily aimed at offsetting costs related to fixed asset procurement and alleviating capital expenditure pressures associated with overseas expansion [3]

Core Viewpoint - TSMC's Kumamoto 2 factory in Japan has begun construction on surrounding facilities, with the main construction expected to continue in the second half of the year, reflecting the Japanese government's expectations [1][2]. Group 1: TSMC's Operations and Developments - The Kumamoto 2 factory will be a focal point in TSMC's upcoming earnings call, with significant attention on its operational outlook and the impact of U.S. tax developments and currency fluctuations on TSMC's performance [2]. - TSMC's investment strategy is influenced by customer demand, business opportunities, operational efficiency, government support, and economic costs, with the company asserting that its U.S. investment plans will not affect existing investments in other regions [2]. - TSMC's first joint venture factory in Kumamoto is set to begin mass production in 2024, alongside a joint venture factory in Dresden, Germany [3].

Core Viewpoint - Samsung has delayed the production plans for its Texas Taylor factory due to insufficient customer demand and misalignment with current semiconductor technology needs [1][2]. Group 1: Investment and Expansion Plans - Samsung initially invested $17 billion in the Taylor factory, which is set to double to $44 billion by 2024, including the construction of an advanced facility and expansion of R&D efforts [1]. - The factory's construction is reported to be 92% complete as of March 2024, with the completion date pushed from the original schedule to October [1][2]. Group 2: Market Demand and Competition - The originally planned 4nm process node for the factory is facing low demand, leading to a shift towards a more advanced 2nm process to compete with TSMC and Intel [1][2]. - TSMC currently holds a dominant position in the global foundry market with a market share of approximately 68%, while Samsung's market share stands at 7.7% [2]. Group 3: Challenges in Production and Technology - The transition to 2nm manufacturing involves significant costs and complexities, including the need for advanced equipment like EUV lithography machines [3][4]. - Samsung's chip manufacturing division is reportedly facing yield issues, which has led to the recall of key personnel and limited on-site staff [4]. Group 4: Geopolitical and Market Dynamics - Geopolitical changes and U.S. restrictions on high-end chip production in China have added pressure on Samsung, resulting in lower capacity utilization compared to industry averages [4]. - Despite the challenges, Samsung aims to continue the construction of the Taylor factory by 2026, as operationalizing the facility is crucial for accessing funding from the CHIPS Act [5].

Core Viewpoint - AMD has reportedly abandoned its 4nm orders with Samsung Foundry, likely shifting to TSMC due to Samsung's underperformance in the semiconductor industry [1][2]. Group 1: AMD's Shift in Partnerships - AMD has decided to forgo its 4nm orders with Samsung and is expected to turn to TSMC for production in the U.S. [1] - The specific reasons for this shift have not been disclosed, but it is likely linked to Samsung's poor performance and TSMC's attractive offerings [1]. - AMD's dual-sourcing strategy involved extensive collaboration with Samsung on the SF4X process, covering EPYC server CPUs, Ryzen APUs, and Radeon GPUs [1]. Group 2: Samsung's Market Position - Samsung's foundry business is struggling to gain industry recognition despite its diverse product range and substantial capacity [1]. - The exit of a major partner like AMD is a negative signal for Samsung, which needs to enhance its reputation in the chip industry [1]. - However, there are indications that companies like NVIDIA are interested in Samsung's 2nm process, suggesting potential future opportunities [2]. Group 3: TSMC's Advancements - TSMC's Arizona facility is currently mass-producing 4nm processes, and AMD is likely to enter this field following its agreement with TSMC [2]. - AMD has ordered high-end 2nm "Venice" server CPUs and is producing the Ryzen 9000 series consumer CPUs, indicating a significant shift in its collaboration with TSMC [2]. - AMD is one of the first companies to gain exclusive rights to the 2nm process, highlighting a transformative change in its partnerships [2].