Summary of the BRICS+ Payments System Conference Call Industry Overview - The document discusses the evolving payments system among BRICS+ countries, focusing on the de-dollarization efforts and the development of independent payment infrastructures separate from US and Western systems [2][4][11]. Key Points and Arguments 1. **De-dollarization Debate**: The debate on the US dollar's reserve currency status is intensifying due to geopolitical fragmentation and the use of financial sanctions by the US and its allies [2][4]. 2. **BRICS+ Payment Sovereignty**: BRICS+ countries are pursuing 'payments sovereignty' by developing independent payment infrastructures, which are at various stages of discussion and implementation [4][11]. 3. **Challenges to Alternative Systems**: Geopolitical factors and divergent national objectives among emerging market countries pose significant challenges to establishing an alternative payments system, rather than technical barriers [4][8]. 4. **Multi-CBDC Platform**: The potential for a multi-Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) platform is highlighted, with several BRICS+ countries advancing their domestic digital payment infrastructures [4][9]. 5. **Role of Multilateral Institutions**: Institutions like the AIIB and NDB are seen as foundational for an alternative international financial system, although they currently lack sufficient liquidity support mechanisms [4][11]. 6. **SWIFT and CHIPS**: The document emphasizes the importance of SWIFT and CHIPS in the current global payments architecture, with the dollar accounting for nearly half of all SWIFT transactions [27][31]. 7. **BRICS+ Leaders Summit**: The upcoming BRICS+ leaders summit in Rio de Janeiro is expected to focus on trade, investment, and finance, but no major announcements regarding de-dollarization are anticipated [11][50]. Additional Important Content 1. **Historical Context**: BRICS countries have long opposed the existing international financial architecture, advocating for greater representation of emerging economies [6][38]. 2. **Geopolitical Dimensions**: The geopolitical landscape, particularly following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, has intensified discussions around reducing reliance on the dollar [40][41]. 3. **Future Initiatives**: Various proposals for de-dollarization are being discussed, including a BRICS common currency and cross-border payment initiatives, though many remain in the proposal stage [51][54]. 4. **Political Will**: The main hurdle to establishing an alternative payments architecture is political will, as diverging objectives within BRICS+ countries complicate consensus [9][40]. 5. **US Response**: The US has expressed concern over BRICS+ de-dollarization efforts, with former Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen emphasizing the importance of protecting the dollar [47][48]. This summary encapsulates the critical insights from the conference call regarding the BRICS+ payments system and the ongoing efforts towards de-dollarization, highlighting both the challenges and potential pathways forward.

一、事件：金砖峰会、中国-中亚峰会 2025年2月16日，金砖国家新闻部门发布消息称，金砖国家峰会定于7月6日至7日在轮值主席国巴西的里约热内卢举行。 据新华社6月3日报道，在第11届金砖国家议会论坛上，来自金砖成员国及伙伴国的立法机构代表在发言中强调捍卫多边主义，加强团结合作。 5月10日，巴西总统卢访华。双方共同宣布将两国关系提升为中巴命运共同体，会谈后，两国元首共同见证签署发展战略对接、科技、农业、数字经 济、金融、检验检疫、媒体等领域20份合作文件。 此外，第二届中国-中亚峰会将于2025年6月在哈萨克斯坦阿斯塔纳召开。 2023年5月第一届中国-中亚峰会在西安召开，在中国同中亚国家关系发展史上具有重要里程碑意义，中国与中亚五国在经贸、产业与投资、农业、交 通、海关、安全执法、应急管理等领域深入合作并取得了丰富成果。 二、历史龙头表现 据智通财经4月21日报道，中国人民银行等联合印发《上海国际金融中心进一步提升跨境金融服务便利化行动方案》。其中提到，要推动更多银行加 入CIPS，持续扩大CIPS网络覆盖范围。加强CIPS建设，完善系统功能，为人民币计价的全球贸易、航运及投融资提供安全高效的结算清算服务 ...

Group 1: Dollar's Role and Challenges - The dollar has transitioned through various roles, from a dominant currency post-World War I to a key player in the Bretton Woods system, but its fundamental financing function is being misaligned [1][4] - The dollar is increasingly used as a tool for financial sanctions by a few countries, leading to a deconstruction of the credit preference associated with it [1][4] - Tariff policies under the Trump administration have negatively impacted the dollar's credibility, as increased tariffs create risks for global and U.S. economies, reducing the demand for dollars [2][3] Group 2: Economic Implications of Tariff Policies - Trump's tariffs aim to reduce trade deficits and encourage domestic manufacturing, but they may ultimately decrease dollar outflow and international demand for the dollar [3][4] - The focus on goods trade neglects the service trade, where the U.S. has a surplus, and retaliatory measures from other countries could further diminish dollar influence [3][4] Group 3: U.S. National Debt and Dollar Credibility - The U.S. national debt has surpassed $36 trillion, with interest payments becoming the fastest-growing part of government spending, raising concerns about the sustainability of U.S. fiscal policy [7][8] - The cycle of increasing fiscal deficits and national debt issuance is eroding the credibility of the dollar, as the government struggles to manage its financial obligations [6][8] Group 4: Global Shift Away from the Dollar - Countries are actively seeking alternatives to the dollar, establishing bilateral trade agreements and payment systems to reduce reliance on the dollar [10][11] - The trend towards "de-dollarization" is gaining momentum, with various nations exploring digital currencies and alternative payment mechanisms, indicating a shift towards a more diversified global monetary system [11][12]