Group 1: Dollar's Dominance - The dollar's strength is attributed to its role in global trade settlements, with 41% of cross-border payments made in dollars, compared to 32% in euros and only 3% in yuan [1] - The dollar is the absolute leader in global financial markets, with U.S. investment banks and funds primarily operating in dollar assets, leading to capital flows towards the U.S. during interest rate hikes [4] - The dollar's status as the world's primary reserve currency is evident, with 58% of global foreign exchange reserves held in dollars, compared to 19% in euros and 5% in both yen and yuan [6] Group 2: U.S. Economic Strategies - The U.S. employs monetary policy as a weapon, with interest rate adjustments causing global economic tremors, as seen in the 1980s and the 1997 Asian financial crisis [7] - The U.S. financial market's maturity allows it to attract global capital, even during crises, as demonstrated during the 2008 financial crisis when the U.S. absorbed global funds to stabilize its economy [10] - Trade rules enforced through international institutions like WTO and IMF compel countries to use the dollar for transactions, with sanctions imposed on non-compliant nations [11] Group 3: Challenges from China - China's rise has complicated U.S. dollar-centric strategies, with China maintaining control over its currency and foreign exchange policies, limiting U.S. influence [11][12] - China has diversified its trade partnerships, with trade volumes reaching $690 billion with the U.S. and over $900 billion with ASEAN in 2023, while increasing the yuan's share in cross-border payments to 4.5% [13] - China's military advancements and strategic positioning in the South China Sea challenge U.S. military dominance, with significant naval capabilities developed in recent years [14][18] Group 4: U.S.-China Relations - The U.S. has recognized its economic dependence on China, particularly highlighted during the global supply chain crisis, leading to a shift towards cooperation rather than confrontation [18] - The U.S. inflation rate surged to 8% during the trade war, prompting a reconsideration of its approach towards China, as indicated by Treasury Secretary Yellen's visit to China in 2023 [18]

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