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Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Overweight" rating for the computer industry [1] Core Insights - The emergence of AI inference necessitates a new storage architecture centered around GPU directly connected to SSD, which will replace the CPU-dominated era [9][14] - The shift from CPU-centric to GPU-centric architecture will drive significant changes in database software design, optimizing for GPU's data processing capabilities [18][19] - The industry is witnessing accelerated advancements in both hardware and software, with notable collaborations and innovations aimed at enhancing performance for AI workloads [22][24] Summary by Sections AI Inference Era and New Storage Architecture - AI inference requires different I/O demands compared to training, with a focus on small data blocks and high concurrency, leading to the need for a new storage architecture [9][10] - The traditional CPU-centric data loading architecture is becoming a bottleneck for AI workloads, necessitating a shift to GPU as the primary controller for data access [11][14] Changes in Database Architecture - The transition to GPU-centric architecture will require a complete redesign of database software, with GPU taking on the role of the main computing unit [18][19] - Key components such as storage engines and query execution engines will need to be restructured to optimize for GPU capabilities and direct SSD connections [19][21] Industry Progress - Hardware advancements include the development of High Bandwidth Flash (HBF) technology, which is expected to play a crucial role in the future of AI storage solutions [22] - Collaborations between companies like SanDisk and SK Hynix aim to standardize HBF technology, with initial products expected by 2027 [22] - Software improvements are being made to enhance data orchestration and performance, such as Hammerspace's advancements in metadata reading and Cloudian HyperStore's object storage capabilities [24] Investment Recommendations - The report suggests that as AI inference grows, the importance of GPU will increase, leading to new opportunities in the database industry as software architectures adapt to these changes [25][26]

Core Insights - The industrial control system (ICS) industry in China is undergoing a strategic transformation from traditional automation to intelligent and autonomous systems, driven by policy guidance and technological innovation, resulting in a market size of over 300 billion yuan with a compound annual growth rate exceeding 10% [1][6][14] - The market structure shows a clear distinction where foreign companies dominate the high-end market while domestic firms are rising in the mid-range segment, with significant advancements in localization [1][20] Industry Overview - ICS refers to the combination of hardware and software used to monitor, control, and manage industrial production processes, ensuring safety, efficiency, and stability [2] - The main categories of ICS include SCADA, DCS, PLC, RTU, and SIS, with further segmentation by industry and control levels [2] Development Background - The Chinese government has prioritized the development of ICS, implementing various policies to enhance network security, data management, and digital transformation, thereby supporting the industry's shift towards autonomy and intelligence [8][9] Industry Chain - The ICS industry has established a complete ecosystem, with upstream focusing on core components and software, midstream on manufacturing and system integration, and downstream applications in diverse sectors like renewable energy and smart manufacturing [10] Current Market Analysis - The ICS market in China is projected to exceed 300 billion yuan in 2024, with expectations to reach 320 billion yuan by 2025, driven by policy support and technological advancements [14] - The DCS market is expected to reach 14.8 billion yuan in 2024, with over 95% penetration in the petrochemical and power sectors [17] Competitive Landscape - The competitive landscape is characterized by foreign companies leading the high-end market, while domestic firms like Inovance Technology and Zhongkong Technology are gaining ground in the mid-range market [20][21] - Siemens holds a 48% market share in the PLC sector, while domestic companies are achieving significant localization breakthroughs [20] Future Trends - The ICS industry is moving towards intelligent upgrades driven by technology integration, with AI and edge computing enhancing system capabilities [24] - The push for localization and global expansion is accelerating, with domestic companies expected to increase their international market share significantly by 2030 [26] - Safety and sustainability are becoming core competitive factors, with a focus on reducing energy consumption and enhancing cybersecurity measures [27]