Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the education sector in Myanmar. Core Insights - The education sector in Myanmar has made significant progress in expanding access and achieving gender parity in enrollment rates before the COVID-19 pandemic, but faced severe disruptions due to the pandemic, military coup, and economic decline, leading to a significant decline in enrollment rates, with 28 percent of children ages 6–17 out of school in 2022–23 [12][13][31] - Despite recent disruptions, primary education net enrollment rate (NER) reached 92 percent in 2024, surpassing pre-pandemic levels, and upper secondary NER increased by 28 percent between 2023 and 2024 [13][43] - Disparities in educational access persist across demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, with females exhibiting higher enrollment rates than males at middle and high school levels, and significant gaps between wealth groups, particularly at middle and high school levels [14][66] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - The report highlights significant progress in Myanmar's education sector prior to the pandemic, but severe disruptions have led to a decline in enrollment rates, with 28 percent of children ages 6–17 out of school in 2022–23 [12][31] Introduction - Myanmar's education sector experienced notable improvements in enrollment rates and gender parity before the pandemic, outperforming global averages and regional peers [20][21] Data and Methodology - The analysis is based on data from the Myanmar Living Conditions Survey 2017 and the Myanmar Subnational Phone Surveys conducted in 2023 and 2024, covering 303 out of 330 townships [33][35] State of Education Access: Levels, Disparities, and Changes - Access to education has improved significantly, with primary NER increasing by 27 percent from 2023 to 2024, reaching 92 percent, while upper secondary NER increased by 28 percent [43][44] - The lower secondary NER has declined by 14 percent, indicating a need for targeted interventions [44] - Gender disparities are evident, with females having higher enrollment rates than males at middle and high school levels, and significant gaps between wealth groups [14][66] Coping with Disruptions in Schooling - Economic hardship is the primary reason for school dropout, cited by 41 percent of respondents, followed by school closures and safety concerns [15] - There has been a shift towards non-state schools among wealthier households, with urban children comprising a significant portion of non-state school enrollment [16] Conclusions - Addressing inequalities in educational access is critical for Myanmar's future stability and prosperity, with recommendations for targeted interventions and support mechanisms [19]

i From Knowledge to Action Lessons from early operationalization of Country Climate and Development Reports Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank Group. "The World Bank Group" refers to the legally separate organizations of the International Bank for Reconstru ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Green public procurement (GPP) in Bulgaria constituted approximately 10% to 20% of total public procurement spending from 2011 to 2019, indicating a significant presence despite Bulgaria being a sustainability laggard within the EU [2][14] - GPP is associated with improved competition, as it increases the entry of new firms into the market by 3 to 7 percentage points, while also reducing the likelihood of single bidders by 0.6 to 1.5 percentage points, thus lowering corruption risks [2][14] - GPP contracts are awarded to firms with 14% higher labor productivity, and this effect is even more pronounced in contracts with lower corruption risks, where productivity can be 19% higher [2][14] Summary by Sections Introduction - Public procurement accounts for about 12% of global GDP, with increasing emphasis on sustainability and environmental impact in recent years [8] - GPP is increasingly recognized as a policy tool, yet evidence on its interaction with traditional procurement objectives is limited [9] Methodology - The study utilizes a comprehensive dataset of 148,637 contracts from Bulgaria's national e-procurement portals, covering the period from 2011 to 2019 [42] - A keyword-based matching algorithm is employed to identify GPP contracts, resulting in approximately 6,500 GPP tenders and 11,000 green contracts [47] Results - GPP spending as a share of total public procurement fluctuated between 8% and 26% from 2011 to 2019, with a notable decline after 2016 [78] - The highest GPP spending was observed in sectors such as sewage and environmental services, construction, and water purification [83] - GPP enhances competition by encouraging new market entrants and reducing the market share of winning suppliers [90]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry discussed Core Insights - The climate mitigation policies of the EU, US, and China are expected to reshape trade dynamics for developing countries, impacting demand for fossil fuels and energy-intensive manufacturing while creating opportunities in critical minerals and renewable energy technologies [2][9] - The policies will likely lead to reduced oil prices and increased prices for critical minerals, facilitating a decrease in green technology costs and promoting green foreign investment [2][9] Summary by Sections Section 1: Introduction - The EU, US, and China are responsible for nearly half of global greenhouse gas emissions and are implementing various climate policies to mitigate these emissions [7] - The EU focuses on emissions pricing through the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), while the US emphasizes subsidies via the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), and China utilizes an intensity-based ETS [7][9] Section 2: Climate Change Mitigation Policies - The EU's Fit for 55 package aims for a 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, while the US IRA allocates approximately $370 billion over ten years for green energy initiatives [14][15] - China's climate policy includes significant investments in renewable energy, with nearly $760 billion spent from 2010 to 2019, making it the largest investor in this sector [16] Section 3: Impacts on Trade - The report identifies three main channels through which climate policies affect developing countries: shifts in supply and demand, price changes, and access to technology [9][66] - Developing countries that produce low-carbon goods may benefit from increased export opportunities, while those reliant on fossil fuel exports may face significant challenges [25][73] Section 4: Policy Recommendations - The report suggests that developing countries should adapt their policies to leverage opportunities from the green transition while mitigating negative impacts from climate policies enacted by major economies [2][9]

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10985 Firm Linkages and Domestic Value Added in Exports Moving up the Global Value Chains with High-Speed Railways Hiau Looi Kee Enze Xie Mingzhi Xu Development Economics Development Research Group November 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10985 Abstract Since 2000, China has been upgrading its infrastructure, exemplified by the expansion of the high-speed railw ...

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ARMENIA o of of Gr Public Disclosu Armenia Waste Sector Reform Plan May 2024 Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK RWA Group Resources & Waste Advisory Group Armenia SWM Sector Assessment and Reform Plan Sector Assessment Report © 2024 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views ...

Public Disclosu Armenia SWM Sector Assessment and Reform Plan Gyumri Municipal Waste Management Analysis Report thorized May 2024 ORLD BANK City Climate Finance Gap Fund Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE INITIATIVE THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG Ministry of the Environment, Climate and Sustainable Development Resources & Waste Advisory Group WA Group Armenia SWM Sector Assessment and Refor ...