Industry Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry, but it highlights the economic challenges and opportunities in El Salvador, particularly in relation to poverty reduction and labor market dynamics [7][28][32] Core Views - El Salvador has shown significant poverty reduction over the past two decades, with a notable drop of 17 percentage points between 2009 and 2019, although extreme poverty has increased since 2019 [32] - Economic growth has been the primary driver of poverty reduction, but income redistribution has played a minimal role, indicating a need for policies that address both growth and inequality [32] - The labor market in El Salvador is characterized by low productivity and high informality, with 64% of workers engaged in informal jobs in 2023 [95][113] Chapter Summaries Chapter 1: Dimensions of Poverty and Equity in El Salvador - Poverty in El Salvador has decreased since 2000, but persistent issues such as high child poverty and geographic disparities remain [42] - Multidimensional poverty affects 25% of households, with significant deprivations in housing, education, employment, and health [85] - Labor income disparities are pronounced, with extremely poor households earning significantly less than non-poor households [87] Chapter 2: Without Work There Is No Prosperity - Labor productivity growth in El Salvador has been driven by within-sector improvements, but the reallocation of labor across sectors has declined [113] - The majority of businesses in El Salvador are microenterprises, which employ 75% of salaried workers but have low labor productivity [96] - Job instability and underemployment are prevalent, particularly among the poor, with 25% of salaried workers holding temporary positions [110] Chapter 3: Beyond Work, What Do Salvadorans Live On? - Non-labor income, particularly from private transfers like remittances, plays a crucial role in household budgets, especially for the poor [109] - Remittances account for 24% of GDP in 2023, making El Salvador one of the top ten countries globally in terms of remittance inflows [49] - Public transfers are limited, with only 0.2% of household income coming from non-pension cash transfers, compared to 2.1% in Central America [110] Chapter 4: Poverty and Climate Change - El Salvador is highly vulnerable to climate shocks, with climate-related disasters costing the country 0.75% of GDP annually [70] - Climate change exacerbates food insecurity, with 61% of the extremely poor reporting concerns about running out of food in 2023 [159] - The Dry Corridor, which covers 73% of El Salvador's districts, is particularly susceptible to droughts and floods, further increasing poverty risks [176] Chapter 5: How to Improve Well-Being for All? - Income generation through better job opportunities is essential for sustainable poverty reduction, particularly for women and vulnerable groups [178] - Social protection programs need to be expanded and better targeted, with a focus on improving the coverage and effectiveness of cash transfers [146] - Investments in education, health, and infrastructure are critical for long-term poverty reduction and resilience against climate shocks [170]

The PNG Country Opinion Survey is part of the County Opinion Survey Program series of the World Bank Group. This report was prepared by the Business Intelligence (BI) team, led by José De Buerba (Senior External Affairs Officer) and Svetlana Markova (Senior External Affairs Officer). Yulia Danilina, Jessica Cameron, Nan Lin, and Sofya Gubaydullina oversaw the design, reporting, and analysis of the survey results. Noreen Wambui and Irina Popova provided data support. Overall Context The Future Role of the Wo ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the cooperative financial institutions (CFIs) sector Core Insights - Cooperative financial institutions (CFIs) have significant potential to enhance financial inclusion in underserved areas, particularly in rural and marginal urban regions, but face challenges such as inadequate regulation, weak financial safety nets, and limited management capacity [16][17] - The World Bank and Rabo Partnerships project aims to strengthen CFIs by improving their regulatory and supervisory frameworks and financial safety nets, focusing on Colombia, Ethiopia, and West Africa [17][22] Summary by Sections Background and Objective of the Project - The project promotes CFIs as a means to enhance financial inclusion and mobilize private capital, particularly in rural areas where they are often the only financial service providers [29][30] - Strengthening CFIs is seen as a cost-effective policy for financial sector development compared to creating new retail networks [23][24] Project Objective and Main Activities - The project supports the development of CFIs to better serve smallholder farmers and rural MSMEs, employing a parallel approach to strengthen regulatory frameworks and provide technical support [32][34] Selection Process of Pilot Countries/Jurisdictions - Colombia, Ethiopia, and West Africa were selected based on their potential for public sector engagement and the relevance of the CFI sector for financial inclusion [41][43] Key Observations and Next Steps - The project found that CFIs can serve as a financial lifeline in conflict-affected areas, with larger and integrated CFIs proving more resilient [70] - Future efforts will focus on enhancing the regulatory environment and supporting the integration of CFIs to improve their operational efficiency [52][68] Lessons Learned - The project highlighted the importance of parallel improvements in CFIs' regulatory frameworks, financial safety nets, and institutional development [72]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The poverty rate in South Sudan is alarmingly high, with 75.9% of the population living below the national poverty line of SSP358,724, and 67.3% living in extreme poverty, defined as less than SSP298,478 annually [38][138]. - The report highlights that poverty is particularly severe in rural areas, where approximately 80% of the population is poor, compared to about 60% in urban areas [38][144]. - The economic situation has deteriorated significantly since independence, with real GDP per capita declining to about one-third of its value in 2011, while average consumer prices have increased dramatically [44][116]. - Food insecurity has worsened, affecting nearly three-quarters of the population, with 53% experiencing moderate food insecurity and 20% facing severe food insecurity [62][255]. - The report identifies persistent conflict, inadequate state capacity, and extreme natural disasters as key drivers of poverty and food insecurity in South Sudan [87][88]. Summary by Sections Chapter 1: Poverty and Inequality: Profile and Trends - The national poverty rate was estimated at 78.4% in 2021, with extreme poverty at 71.5% [138]. - Consumption inequality is substantial, with a Gini coefficient of 0.45 nationally, indicating significant disparities in wealth distribution [140][152]. - Multidimensional poverty affects 92.6% of the population, with rural areas experiencing higher rates of deprivation [181][182]. - The report notes that poverty is widespread across all states, with some counties exhibiting poverty rates exceeding 80% [188][193]. Chapter 2: Food Security - Food insecurity has reached critical levels, with significant increases in both moderate and severe food insecurity since 2010 [255][262]. - The report indicates that rural residents are disproportionately affected, with 75% experiencing moderate to severe food insecurity compared to 52% in urban areas [269][270]. - Low household food production and limited access to markets are identified as major contributors to food insecurity [308][328]. - Persistent conflict and climate shocks exacerbate food insecurity, with floods and droughts significantly impacting agricultural productivity [360][371]. Chapter 3: Shocks and Resilience - The report highlights that 70% of households experienced at least one shock in the six months prior to the survey, with high food prices being the most common shock [353][358]. - Floods are a significant climate-related shock, affecting 27% of households, particularly in vulnerable regions [360][366]. - Households employ various coping strategies in response to shocks, with many resorting to emergency measures that deplete their resources [432][433]. Chapter 4: Policy Considerations - The report emphasizes the need for institutional reforms and human capital development to address the underlying causes of poverty and food insecurity [460][466]. - Recommendations include improving access to education and health services, enhancing food security through agricultural investments, and building resilience to climate shocks [470][476]. - The report calls for increased government investment in social protection programs to support the most vulnerable populations [447][448].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Cambodia has made incremental progress in modernizing its core government systems, improving its Government Technology Maturity Index (GTMI) from 0.45 in 2020 to 0.58 in 2022, but lacks a centralized full-suite Human Resource Management Information System (HRMIS) [9][24]. - The absence of a well-functioning HRMIS presents challenges for effective human resource management in the Cambodian civil service, which consists of over 284,484 active and contracted staff [10][27]. - Investment in a full-suite HRMIS is essential for improving HR practices and aligning with public administration reform and digital government transformation priorities [10][12]. Summary by Sections I. Introduction - The report outlines the need for modernizing HRMIS in Cambodia to enhance public sector effectiveness and efficiency [18]. - It highlights global trends and challenges in HRM and HRMIS development, emphasizing technology as a key enabler for improvement [18]. II. Current Status and Challenges - Cambodia's GTMI scores have improved, but a centralized HRMIS is still lacking, leading to inefficiencies in personnel data management [24][26]. - The Ministry of Civil Service (MCS) has introduced outdated HRMIS and payroll systems, which are not fully integrated or fit for modern HR practices [10][27]. III. Towards a Modernized HRMIS - The report recommends a roadmap for HRMIS modernization, emphasizing the need for a phased approach to implement prioritized modules [12][29]. - Successful implementation can streamline HR processes, reduce manual work, and enhance decision-making capabilities [12][31]. IV. Recommendations - The report suggests that careful planning, collaboration, and user-friendly design are crucial for the successful transition to a full-suite HRMIS [13][15]. - Legal and regulatory compliance is necessary to support the modernization process, particularly concerning data management and privacy [16]. V. Benefits of HRMIS Implementation - A full-suite HRMIS can improve data management, decision-making, employee experience, and cost efficiency [32]. - It can also standardize HR processes across the civil service, leading to better resource allocation and improved public service delivery [32][33].

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Public Disclosure Authorized Early-Stage Evaluation of the Multiphase Programmatic Approach Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org ATTRIBUTION Please cite the report as: World Bank. 2024. Early-Stage Evaluation of the Multiphase Programmatic Approach. Independent Evaluation Group. Washington, DC ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the water and sanitation utilities industry Core Insights - The Utility of the Future (UoF) program aims to transform water and sanitation utilities into future-focused, action-oriented entities that provide reliable, safe, inclusive, transparent, and responsive services [39][40] - The UoF methodology is structured into two main phases: UoF Standard and UoF Advanced, focusing on establishing a foundation for transformation and implementing comprehensive business and investment plans [41][43] - The program has been implemented in over 100 utilities across more than 35 countries, demonstrating its scalability and adaptability to various operational environments [54] Summary by Sections Introduction - The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for water and sanitation highlights the challenge of providing access to improved sanitation and reliable drinking water for billions of people [61][62] - The UoF program offers a transformative approach to address these challenges and guide utilities through a structured transformation process [62][63] Utility of the Future Framework - The UoF is defined as a continuously improving utility that operates dynamically and sustainably, aiming to meet the SDG 6 targets [78][82] - The program's objectives include igniting sustainable transformation, guiding utilities through the transformation process, and enhancing internal capabilities [72][76] UoF Implementation Process - The UoF Standard phase includes three stages: Ignition (360-degree analysis), Action (100-day action plan), and Vision (strategic architecture) [44][46][48] - The UoF Advanced phase focuses on detailed planning and a one-year deep-change program tailored to each utility's context and needs [49][52] Knowledge Integration - The UoF methodology integrates various strategic initiatives and tools developed by the World Bank to enhance utility performance [110][111] - The program incorporates elements such as gender equality, utility creditworthiness, and digital transformation to support comprehensive improvement [116][118] Conclusion - The UoF program represents a significant opportunity for water and sanitation utilities to enhance service delivery and operational efficiency, ultimately contributing to global development goals [39][54]

Industry Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry, but it highlights significant economic losses and damage across multiple sectors due to the ongoing conflict in Lebanon [23][24] Core Findings - The conflict has caused at least $3.4 billion in physical damage and $5.1 billion in economic losses as of the assessment cut-off dates [24] - Lebanon's real GDP growth for 2024 is estimated to be cut by at least 6.6% due to the conflict, compounding a 34% contraction in real GDP over the past five years [24] - The housing sector accounts for 82% of the total damage, with $2.8 billion in damages and $389 million in losses [26][28] - The agriculture sector has suffered $124 million in damage and $1.1 billion in losses, primarily due to lost harvests and displacement of farmers [26][50] - The tourism and hospitality sector has incurred $18 million in damage but faces $1.1 billion in losses due to reduced tourist arrivals and hotel occupancy [26][66] Sectoral Assessment Findings Agriculture - Damage is estimated at $124 million, with 12-month losses of $1.1 billion, driven by lost harvests and displacement of farmers [50] - Key crops such as bananas, olives, and citrus have been severely impacted, with losses estimated at $353 million, $58 million, and $16 million respectively [51] - Livestock has also been significantly affected, with $99 million in damage and $533 million in losses [51] Commerce - Damage to the commerce sector is estimated at $178 million, with 12-month losses of $1.7 billion [52] - Approximately 11% of establishments in conflict-affected areas have been damaged, with the highest costs in southern districts [54] Education - The education sector faces $215 million in losses, primarily due to lost private school tuition payments and the costs of setting up temporary learning spaces [55] - Around 150,000 public and 300,000 private school students have been displaced, with many schools repurposed as shelters [57] Environment - Damage to the environment sector is estimated at $221 million, with 12-month losses of $214 million [58] - The conflict has severely damaged Lebanon's natural resources, affecting 13% of forests, 16% of grasslands, and 17% of riverine ecosystems [59] Health - The health sector has suffered $74 million in damage, with 12-month losses estimated at $338 million [60] - Approximately 66% of hospitals and 36% of primary healthcare centers in the assessed areas have been damaged, leading to reduced service availability [62] Housing - The housing sector has incurred $2.8 billion in damage, with 99,209 housing units partially or fully damaged [63] - Economic losses in the housing sector are estimated at $389 million, including lost rental revenue and wage income for domestic workers [64] Tourism and Hospitality - Damage to the tourism and hospitality sector is estimated at $18 million, with 12-month losses of $1.1 billion [66] - Tourist arrivals have dropped by 75%, and hotel occupancy rates have fallen below 10%, severely impacting the sector [68] Macroeconomic Analysis - The conflict has significantly impacted Lebanon's economy, with real GDP projected to contract by at least 5.7% in 2024 [40] - Private consumption, which accounted for 134% of GDP in 2023, has declined sharply, further slowing economic activity [40] - The tourism sector, a key economic pillar, has been particularly hard hit, with major losses in service exports [40] Displacement and Social Impact - Over 875,000 people have been internally displaced, with women, children, and the elderly particularly at risk [44] - Approximately 166,000 individuals are estimated to have lost their employment, corresponding to a reduction in earnings of up to $168 million per year [44] - The conflict has exacerbated food insecurity, with only 40,000 tons of wheat available as of November 2024, equivalent to 1.3 months' worth of consumption [46]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Cambodia's export-driven growth has led to a significant increase in freight demand, with containerized cargo movements increasing by over five-fold from 2010 to 2022. By 2030, trade volumes are expected to double, but high transport and logistics costs remain a major bottleneck to economic competitiveness [20][21][22]. - The Royal Government of Cambodia has developed the Comprehensive Intermodal Transport and Logistics System (CITLS) Master Plan for 2023-2033 to enhance transport sector performance and efficiency, but many projects are still in the conceptual phase [21][24]. - The report emphasizes the need for immediate investments and policy actions to unlock opportunities along existing transport corridors, focusing on short to medium-term priorities [22][23]. Summary by Sections Chapter 1: Importance of Regional Transport Connectivity - Trade and logistics efficiency are crucial for Cambodia's growth, with exports and imports by value growing by 340% from 2010 to 2021. Containerized cargo movements increased by 400% from 2010 to 2022 [57][58]. - High logistics costs, estimated at 26% of GDP, hinder economic diversification, with transportation costs representing over 40% of total logistics costs [30][65]. Chapter 2: Overview of the Transport Sector - The transport sector faces significant challenges, including high logistics costs, inefficiencies in border clearance, and a large infrastructure investment gap. Public investment in infrastructure was only 3.2% of GDP from 2019 to 2022, while annual investment needs are about 10% of GDP [30][36]. - The report identifies bottlenecks along regional road corridors and highlights the underutilization of waterway transport due to capacity constraints and administrative barriers [30][36]. Chapter 3: Corridor Analysis - Three prioritized transport corridors are identified: - Corridor A: East-West regional road connecting Laem Chabang to Poipet, with significant development potential [37]. - Corridor B: Inland waterway corridor from Phnom Penh to Cai Mep, which offers lower transport costs [37]. - Corridor C: Existing rail corridor from Poipet to Phnom Penh, which can serve as a lower-cost alternative to road transport [37]. Chapter 4: Proposed Improvement Directions - The report proposes actions to enhance cross-border trade facilitation, improve road connectivity, and develop inland waterways and railway infrastructure. Key investments include upgrading the East-West corridor and enhancing the capacity of the Phnom Penh Autonomous Port [45][49].