Group 1 - The U.S. labor market is significantly slowing down, with the average employment growth over the past three months dropping to only 35,000, well below last year's levels, raising concerns about the Federal Reserve potentially implementing "bad rate cuts" in response to labor market deterioration rather than inflation decline [1] - European equities are expected to face approximately a 10% correction pressure, with defensive sectors likely to benefit from this environment [1] - The decline in bond yields is anticipated to lead to downward adjustments in earnings expectations and valuation multiples, resulting in a stock market downturn amid slowing economic growth [1] Group 2 - If central banks adopt a more dovish stance due to falling inflation ("good rate cuts"), the decline in risk-free rates may not lead to a corresponding rise in risk premiums, thus supporting market growth [5] - Conversely, if rate cuts are in response to labor market and broader economic weakness ("bad rate cuts"), risk premiums are likely to rise, leading to a decrease in stock market valuations during economic slowdowns [5] - The global composite PMI new orders are projected to decline from the current 52 points to 49 points by the first quarter of next year, indicating rising risk premiums and downward adjustments in EPS expectations [5][6] Group 3 - The Stoxx 600 index is projected to face about a 10% downside, potentially dropping to 490 points by early next year, with a year-end target of 520 points [8][14] - European cyclical sectors are expected to decline relative to defensive sectors, with value stocks projected to underperform growth stocks by about 10% [8] - The pharmaceutical and food & beverage sectors are viewed positively, while the banking and capital goods sectors are expected to lag due to their recent strong performance [17]

每经AI快讯，8月15日，德国的30年期债券收益率上升4个基点，至3.31%。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The bond market experienced a comprehensive pullback on August 11, with expectations of a moderate rise in yield costs following the cooling of tax adjustment disturbances, leading to a collective decline in government bond futures and a general increase in interbank bond yields by approximately 2 basis points [1]. Market Performance - Government bond futures closed lower across the board, with the 30-year main contract down 0.55% at 118.6, the 10-year main contract down 0.11% at 108.495, and the 5-year main contract down 0.08% at 105.735 [2]. - The interbank major rate bond yields saw an increase, with the 30-year government bond yield rising by 3.1 basis points to 1.9520% and the 10-year government development bond yield increasing by 3.2 basis points to 1.8220% [2]. Overseas Bond Market - In North America, U.S. Treasury yields rose collectively on August 8, with the 2-year yield up 3.45 basis points to 3.762% and the 10-year yield up 3.49 basis points to 4.287% [3]. - In the Eurozone, the 10-year French bond yield increased by 5.3 basis points to 3.347%, while the 10-year German bond yield rose by 5.9 basis points to 2.687% [3]. Primary Market - The Ministry of Finance reported weighted average winning yields for 28-day and 182-day government bonds at 1.1220% and 1.3243%, respectively, with bid-to-cover ratios of 3.95 and 2.67 [4]. - Agricultural Development Bank's 91-day, 3-year, and 5-year financial bonds had winning yields of 1.3731%, 1.6322%, and 1.7046%, with bid-to-cover ratios of 3.05, 2.6, and 3.2 [4]. Funding Conditions - The central bank conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation of 1120 billion yuan at a rate of 1.40%, resulting in a net withdrawal of 4328 billion yuan for the day [5]. - Shibor rates showed mixed performance, with the overnight rate rising by 0.06 basis points to 1.315% and the 14-day rate declining by 1.39 basis points to 1.455%, marking a new low since January 2023 [5]. Economic Indicators - In July, the CPI rose by 0.4% month-on-month, while the PPI fell by 0.2% month-on-month, with the year-on-year PPI decline remaining at 3.6% [7]. - The core CPI showed a year-on-year increase of 0.8%, indicating a continuous expansion over three months [7]. Institutional Perspectives - CICC predicts that the PPI may rebound to around -2.8% year-on-year in August, while the CPI may drop to approximately -0.4% year-on-year due to high base effects from last year [8]. - Huatai Fixed Income suggests that the bond market is in a phase of expected improvement, with the 10-year government bond yield expected to remain between 1.6% and 1.8% [9].

Report Information - Report Title: "Fixed Income Weekly: Have Large Banks Started Buying Long-Term Bonds? - Weekly Report on Bond Market Institutional Behavior (Week 1 of August)" [1] - Report Date: August 10, 2025 [2] - Chief Analyst: Yan Ziqi [3] - Analyst: Hong Ziyan [3] 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Report Core View - The bond market ran smoothly this week, with the 10-year Treasury yield slightly dropping to 1.69%, the funding rate staying around 1.42%, and the 5-year AAA medium - short note yield dropping to 1.91% [3][11] - Large banks continued to buy short - term bonds, and although they bought some long - term bonds, the volume was less than 10 billion yuan, so it's hard to say they have started buying long - term bonds. However, they have bought long - term local government bonds in multiple weeks since June, which may be related to duration balance and return requirements [3][4][12] - Funds further increased their purchases of credit bonds and Tier 2 capital bonds. With the easing of the funding situation, the bond market leverage ratio climbed, and there is still an opportunity for credit spreads to compress [4][13] 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 This Week's Institutional Behavior Review - **Yield Curve**: Treasury yields declined overall, with the 1Y yield down 2bp, 3Y down 3bp, 5Y down about 3bp, 7Y down 1bp, 10Y down 2bp, 15Y flat, and 30Y up 1bp. For CDB bonds, short - term yields declined and long - term yields increased, with the 1Y yield changing less than 1bp, 3Y down 1bp, 5Y down 1bp, 7Y changing less than 1bp, 10Y up 2bp, 15Y up 2bp, and 30Y up 1bp [14] - **Term Spread**: Treasury interest spreads rose, and the spreads widened overall; CDB bond interest spreads were stable, and the middle - term spreads widened [15][16][17] 3.2 Bond Market Leverage and Funding Situation - **Leverage Ratio**: It dropped to 107.51%. From August 4th to August 8th, it first decreased and then increased during the week. As of August 8th, it was about 107.51%, down 0.07 pct from last Friday and up 0.24 pct from Monday [21] - **Average Daily Turnover of Pledged Repurchase**: The average daily turnover of pledged repurchase this week was 8.1 trillion yuan, with the average daily overnight proportion at 89.87%. The average overnight turnover was 7.3 trillion yuan, up 1.53 trillion yuan month - on - month, and the overnight trading proportion was up 3.10 pct [27][28] - **Funding Situation**: Bank lending showed a fluctuating upward trend. As of August 8th, large and policy banks' net lending was 5.22 trillion yuan; joint - stock and urban/rural commercial banks' average daily net borrowing was 0.57 trillion yuan, and the net borrowing on August 8th was 0.74 trillion yuan. The net lending of the banking system was 4.47 trillion yuan. DR007 fluctuated upward, and R007 fluctuated downward [31] 3.3 Duration of Medium - and Long - Term Bond Funds - **Median Duration**: The median duration of medium - and long - term bond funds decreased to 2.81 years (de - leveraged) and 3.12 years (leveraged). On August 8th, the de - leveraged median duration was 2.81 years, down 0.02 years from last Friday; the leveraged median duration was 3.12 years, down 0.06 years from last Friday [45] - **Duration by Bond Fund Type**: The median duration (leveraged) of interest - rate bond funds decreased to 3.92 years, up 0.04 years from last Friday; the median duration (leveraged) of credit bond funds decreased to 2.89 years, down 0.07 years from last Friday. The de - leveraged median duration of interest - rate bond funds was 3.44 years, down 0.03 years from last Friday; the de - leveraged median duration of credit bond funds was 2.65 years, down 0.04 years from last Friday [48] 3.4 Category Strategy Comparison - **Sino - US Yield Spread**: It generally narrowed, with the 1Y narrowing by 8bp, 2Y by 10bp, 3Y by 6bp, 5Y by 9bp, 7Y by 7bp, 10Y by 6bp, and 30Y by 3bp [54] - **Implied Tax Rate**: It generally widened. As of August 8th, the CDB - Treasury spread widened by 2bp for 1Y, 2bp for 3Y, 1bp for 5Y, about 1bp for 7Y, 3bp for 10Y, about 2bp for 15Y, and less than 1bp for 30Y [55] 3.5 Bond Lending Balance Changes - On August 8th, the lending concentration of the active 10 - year Treasury bond increased, while the lending concentration trends of the second - active 10 - year Treasury bond, active 10 - year CDB bond, second - active 10 - year CDB bond, and active 30 - year Treasury bond declined. All institutions showed a decline [59]

Core Viewpoint - The recent 30-year U.S. Treasury bond auction revealed weak market demand, raising concerns about the overall interest in U.S. debt securities [1][2] Group 1: Auction Results - The U.S. Treasury issued $25 billion in long-term bonds with a winning yield of 4.813%, exceeding pre-auction market yields by over 2 basis points, indicating investors' demand for higher returns [1] - Following the auction results, the 30-year Treasury yield rose to 4.829%, reflecting investor disappointment and a decline in bond prices [1] - This marks the third consecutive weak auction this week, following lackluster demand in the 3-year and 10-year bond auctions [1] Group 2: Investor Participation - Primary dealers, seen as market "backstop buyers," subscribed to 17.5% of the issuance, the highest since August 2024, indicating they are taking on more of the subscription when other investors show less interest [2] - Indirect bidders, including foreign central banks, accounted for 59.5% of the auction, below the average of over 61% from the past three auctions [2] - Direct bidders, such as domestic pension funds, subscribed to 23%, slightly below recent averages [2] Group 3: Market Sentiment - The limited interest in the 30-year Treasury bonds is not surprising, as previous auctions in February, March, and May also faced weak demand due to the higher interest rate risk associated with long maturities [2] - The overall trend of weak demand across different maturities suggests that investors are dissatisfied with current Treasury yields, believing that fair value should be higher [2] - This situation poses challenges for the new administration, which is more focused on controlling federal borrowing costs, as weak demand may force the Treasury to issue bonds at higher rates, increasing government debt interest burdens [2]

Core Insights - The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield reached an all-time low of 0.51% on August 4, 2020, marking a significant historical moment in the bond market [1] - Since that low, the yield has increased by nearly 400 basis points, leading to the worst rolling five-year total return on record for 10-year U.S. Treasuries [1] - The current yield of approximately 4.25% is near its long-term average, making it unlikely to replicate the historical performance seen in the early 1980s [5][6] Group 1: Historical Context - The last time the rolling five-year nominal return for 10-year Treasuries was negative was only a few times in the past 230 years [4] - The only three periods with worse real returns than the past five years were the 1790s, post-World War I high inflation, and the years leading up to 1981 [5] Group 2: Future Outlook - The current bond market is seen as correcting a long-standing overvaluation, with prices now closer to fair value if inflation is contained [6] - Despite the potential for positive real returns, the overall annual return is expected to remain in the low single digits, likely not exceeding 1% [6]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided Group 2: Report's Core View - The resumption of VAT collection on the interest income of new - issued national bonds, local government bonds, and financial bonds after August 8, 2025, may lead to a joint increase in the yields of new and old national bonds. It is recommended to closely monitor the market's attitude towards newly - issued national bonds after August 8, 2025 [5][6]. - It is expected that the target of the 10 - year national bond yield in the second half of 2025 will be 1.9 - 2.2%. With the correction of economic expectations, bond yields are expected to rise. If the anti - involution policy is effective in the second half of 2025 and inflation normalizes, the reasonable range of the 10 - year national bond yield is also expected to be adjusted upwards accordingly [6]. Group 3: Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 2016 Policy - Financial Bond VAT Historical Experience - In March 24, 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued a notice, and the market expected policy - financial bonds to pay VAT. Theoretically, the spread between national bonds and policy - financial bonds should widen. In practice, from March to April 2016, the yields of national bonds and policy - financial bonds both increased significantly, with the policy - financial bond yield rising about 28BP and the national bond yield rising about 10BP. The impact of the event ended when it was clarified on April 29, 2016, that policy - financial bonds were also VAT - exempt [3]. 2018 Local Bond Issuance Rate Historical Experience - In August - September 2018, during the period of concentrated local bond issuance, the policy required local bond issuance rates to be 40BP higher than national bonds. Investors' active bidding for local bonds in the primary market led to the selling of national bonds and policy - financial bonds, causing their yields to rise significantly. Due to the spread constraint between national bonds and local bonds, local bond yields also rose significantly until the peak of local bond issuance ended [3][4]. 2025 Resumption of VAT Collection Impact - Comparing the situation in March - April 2016, there is a possibility that the yields of new and old national bonds will rise together, and the yield of new bonds will rise more. If the primary market of newly - issued national bonds is sluggish and the yield rises significantly, it may repeat the situation where the yields of theoretically beneficial bonds also rise significantly [5].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the report industry investment rating in the given content. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The policy tone has been revealed, and expectations have been revised. The bond yield's阶段性 top is clear, with the 10 - year Treasury bond's mid - term top forming around 1.75% [3][10][12]. - Tax policy changes have a "one - time" impact on the nominal interest rate center. The expected tax burden spread is around 5BP, and it may affect the selection of the cheapest to deliver bond in far - month Treasury bond futures contracts [4][14]. - It is necessary to re - define the interest rate's fluctuation center. The 1.75% mid - term top of the 10 - year Treasury bond may be challenged but remains relatively reliable, and the 1.65% fluctuation center is still valid. There is a possibility of opening up downward interest rate space in the second half of the year [5][15][16]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 How to Redefine the Interest Rate Center? - **Policy Expectations and Bond Yield Top** - The prediction of policy deployment is mostly fulfilled. The demand - side pulling policy pattern remains unchanged, and there is no unexpected urban renewal policy. The "anti - involution" policy exists but with lower - than - expected progress and attention [3][10][11]. - The "anti - involution" policy has long - term impacts on price and interest rate pricing, but the results are not linearly the same as historical trends [11]. - The demand - side pulling policy maintains its pattern, and the pricing difference between commodities and bonds regarding demand - pulling policies should end with commodity pricing correction [11]. - The monetary policy's task of "lowering social comprehensive financing costs" persists. Liquidity is expected to remain stable and loose in Q3, and a new round of policy interest rate cuts and liquidity easing is in the making [11]. - From the perspective of policy expectations, the mid - term top of the 10 - year Treasury bond around 1.75% has formed [3][12][16]. - **Impact of Tax Policy Changes** - Starting from August 8, 2025, the interest income of newly issued Treasury bonds, local government bonds, and financial bonds will be subject to value - added tax. The actual tax burden for self - operated financial institutions is 6.34%, and for asset management institutions is 3.26% [4][13]. - The theoretical tax burden spread for long - duration bonds is 5 - 12BP, but it is expected to be around 5BP considering previous factors [4][13][14]. - Near - month Treasury bond futures contracts are less affected, while far - month contracts may see an impact on the selection of the cheapest to deliver bond, and tax burden differences can be considered in determining conversion factors [4][14]. - **Redefining the Interest Rate Fluctuation Center** - The interest rate increase since early July is driven by expectations of "anti - involution" and demand - side policies, with risk preference playing a role in asset re - pricing [15]. - Given the "high - first - then - low" trend of the fundamentals throughout the year, the 1.75% mid - term top of the 10 - year Treasury bond may be challenged but is still relatively reliable. The 1.65% fluctuation center is still valid. There is potential for interest rates to decline in the second half of the year [5][15][16].

Group 1: Open Market Operations - The central bank announced a 126 billion yuan reverse repurchase operation on August 1, with a fixed rate of 1.40% and a total bid amount of 126 billion yuan, resulting in a net withdrawal of 663.3 billion yuan for the day [1] - A total of 16.632 billion yuan in reverse repos will mature from August 4 to August 8, with specific maturities of 4.958 billion, 4.492 billion, 3.090 billion, 2.832 billion, and 1.260 billion yuan respectively [1] Group 2: Funding Conditions - Despite the central bank's significant net withdrawal, the interbank market remained liquid, with the overnight repo weighted average rate (DR001) dropping over 8 basis points to around 1.31%, and the 7-day rate declining by 13 basis points [3] - The latest overnight financing rate in the U.S. was reported at 4.32% [3] Group 3: Interbank Certificates of Deposit - The latest transaction rate for one-year interbank certificates of deposit among major banks was at 1.635%, showing a slight decrease from the previous day [7] Group 4: Government Bonds and Futures - The closing trends for government bond futures showed mixed results, with the 30-year main contract down 0.07%, the 10-year contract down 0.02%, while the 5-year and 2-year contracts remained unchanged [14] Group 5: Policy Announcements - The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration announced that starting August 8, interest income from newly issued government bonds, local government bonds, and financial bonds will be subject to value-added tax [16] - The central bank emphasized the continuation of a moderately loose monetary policy and the importance of executing monetary policy measures effectively [16] - The National Development and Reform Commission plans to accelerate the establishment of new policy financial tools and promote private enterprises' participation in major national projects [16]

Tax Policy Changes - The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration announced that from August 8, 2025, interest income from newly issued government bonds, local government bonds, and financial bonds will be subject to VAT[3] - Interest income from bonds issued before this date will continue to be exempt from VAT until maturity[3] Estimated Tax Revenue - The estimated VAT revenue from interest income for the year is approximately 14.4 billion RMB[6] - Assuming 15 trillion RMB in new bond issuance from August to December 2025 at an average coupon rate of 1.75%, the taxable interest amount is estimated to be around 262.5 billion RMB, leading to a VAT revenue of about 14.4 billion RMB[6] Impact on Bond Yields - The introduction of VAT on new bonds is expected to push up the issuance yields, with a potential increase of 6-10 basis points for new 10-year bonds[13] - The tax burden will be shared between investors and issuers, limiting the actual increase in yields[13] Market Dynamics - Following the announcement, the yield on 10-year government bonds initially rose but then fell by 1 basis point, indicating strong buying interest in existing bonds[14] - The tax changes may narrow the yield gap between government bonds and credit bonds, potentially shifting some investment towards the credit bond market[14] Fiscal Policy Objectives - The tax reform aims to enhance fiscal revenue capacity and alleviate fiscal pressure, as the government debt-to-GDP ratio has risen significantly from 37.9% in 2019 to 65.3% in Q2 2023[18] - The reform is part of a broader effort to streamline the tax system and remove outdated tax exemptions, promoting a more modern tax structure[18]