人民网斯德哥尔摩9月22日电 （记者殷淼）瑞典塔法拉研究站负责人妮娜·基尔希纳22日表示，受全 球变暖影响，瑞典境内已有八座冰川在2024年彻底消失，成为自有高分辨率卫星影像记录以来首次确认 灭绝的冰川。 目前，瑞典还有约30座冰川面临同样的风险。不过，基尔希纳指出，2025年冬季降雪量充足，夏季 较短且气温相对较低，因此今年预计不会有冰川完全消失。但她警告说，未来仍将出现更多炎热的夏 季，必须做好冰川持续退缩甚至消亡的准备。 根据世界气象组织的数据，全球气温上升的主要原因是工业革命以来煤炭、石油和天然气等化石能 源的大量使用。冰川的消失不仅是气候变暖的直接证据，也为全球生态系统敲响了警钟。 位于瑞典北部最高峰凯布讷山（Kebnekaise）附近的瑞典塔法拉研究站，每年都会研究瑞典冰川的 卫星图像，以追踪其变化。近日，该机构研究人员通过对比年度卫星影像发现，瑞典有八座冰川已彻底 消失，其中包括瑞典最北端位于瓦德维恰卡国家公园的库努约克尔恩冰川（Cunujokeln）。据报道，这 八座冰川中最大的一个，大约相当于六个足球场的面积。 基尔希纳称，瑞典原有277座冰川，其中八座在2024年的异常高温下完全融化。她表 ...

Group 1: National Park Law Implementation - The first National Park Law in China will take effect on January 1, 2026, aiming to protect representative natural ecosystems and promote sustainable use of natural resources [2] - The law establishes a legal framework for a national park system, emphasizing strict protection and integrated management of natural resources [2] - It encourages public participation in conservation efforts and aims to foster awareness of ecological protection among the public [2] Group 2: High-Emission Vehicle Elimination - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment announced that nearly 20 million high-emission vehicles will be eliminated during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [3][4] - Significant reductions in PM2.5 concentrations are targeted, with expected decreases of 18%, 10%, and 20% in key regions by 2024 compared to 2020 levels [3] - The campaign includes comprehensive measures such as coal management and pollution source tracking, achieving notable progress in water and soil protection [4] Group 3: Carbon Market Development - As of September 18, 2025, China's carbon market has seen a cumulative transaction volume of 714 million tons and a total transaction value of approximately 49.96 billion yuan [5][6] - The establishment of a regulatory framework for carbon trading is underway, supporting China's climate change initiatives [5] - The carbon market is recognized as a key mechanism for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals [6] Group 4: Climate Change and Industry Restructuring - The year 2024 is projected to be the first year to exceed the 1.5°C temperature threshold set by the Paris Agreement, indicating a concerning trend in global warming [7][8] - Experts emphasize the need for intensified emission reduction efforts to meet climate targets and ensure sustainable development [7][8] Group 5: Renewable Energy Consumption in Inner Mongolia - Inner Mongolia has issued a notification to optimize the mechanism for renewable energy consumption, focusing on both mandatory and voluntary consumption [9] - The initiative aims to enhance green electricity consumption and promote the integration of renewable energy with industry [9] Group 6: Low-Carbon Initiatives and Events - The "Low-Carbon China Tour" and Climate Action Week series of events were launched to showcase China's efforts in energy transition and public engagement [10][11] - The events highlight the role of enterprises like Southern Power Grid in promoting green development and their participation in international climate discussions [10][11] Group 7: Clean Energy Expo in Shandong - The 2025 Shandong Clean Energy Industry Expo was held to facilitate innovation and collaboration in the clean energy sector [13][14] - The event aims to strengthen partnerships between enterprises and research institutions to support the region's energy transition [13][14] Group 8: Sustainable Strategy by Yinyu Water Zhongtian - Yinyu Water Zhongtian has set a net-zero target for 2040 and aims to achieve various sustainability goals by 2030 [15][16] - The strategy includes low-carbon construction, climate risk adaptation, and waste management initiatives to promote a circular economy [15][16]

地球能"吞"下多少人类排放的二氧化碳？这个问题，听起来像是在问地球的"胃容量"有多大。人类 一直以为，地壳深处那些沉默的岩石构造，就像宇宙黑洞一样，能无休止地吞噬人类制造的碳排放。毕 竟，把二氧化碳"埋"进地下，听起来很靠谱，就像把垃圾塞进一个永不溢出的垃圾桶。但最新研究显 示：这个"垃圾桶"其实是有盖子的，而且，可能正在快速逼近它的极限。 奥地利国际应用系统分析研究所和英国帝国理工学院的科学家，近期在《自然》杂志发表研究揭 示，地球通过岩石构造进行地质碳封存的"实际容量"上限约为1.46万亿吨。别看这个数字庞大得像天文 单位，按照当前全球减排节奏，这个额度可能在不到180年的时间内就被用光。这意味着，如果继续 把"埋碳"当作气候危机的万能解药，可能会在未来的某一天突然发现地下的"空位"已经满了。 这一容量即便全部用尽，最多也只能让全球变暖逆转0.7℃。要知道，现在已经比工业化前升温了 1.2℃，人类正拼命想守住1.5℃的防线。换句话说，单靠"埋碳"，连一半的账都还不清。 科学家也坦承，这不是最终答案。他们还没算技术突破的可能性，比如未来会不会有更高效的捕碳 机器，或者更安全的封存方式。但正因如此，人类更需要 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 全球变暖 加剧了 野火 （ wildfire ） 的发生，而 野火 影响了全球碳循环、生态系统、空气质量以及人类健康。然而，在全球范围内预测野火影响的研究尚不完 整，这在气候变暖前景不明的情况下阻碍了有效的政策干预。 2025 年 9 月 18 日， 清华大学 地球系统科学系 张强 团队在国际顶级学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为： Global warming amplifies wildfire health burden and reshapes inequality 的研究论文，而在 9 月 10 日， 张强 团队刚在 Nature 期刊 发表了野火烟雾长距离传输的全球影响的研究论文。 该研究开发了一个机器学习框架，预测了全球到本世纪末的野火排放和相应的过早死亡，预测结果显示，从 2010-2014 年到 2095-2099 年，火灾导致的全球 碳排放可能在中等排放情景下 （SSP 2-4.5） 下增加 23%。到 2095-2099 年，野火烟雾导致的年过早死亡可能升至每年 140 万，几乎是当前水平的 6 倍。 该研究开发了一个可解释的 机器学习 框架， ...

Core Insights - A recent study published in the journal Nature Microbiology indicates that global warming poses a significant threat to Prochlorococcus, a crucial oxygen-producing marine microorganism, with potential population reductions of up to 51% by 2100 under moderate to high warming scenarios [1][5]. Group 1: Impact of Climate Change - Prochlorococcus, a vital cyanobacterium found in 75% of the sunlit surface oceans, contributes approximately 20% of the world's oxygen through photosynthesis [3]. - Predictions suggest that sea surface temperatures in many tropical and subtropical regions may frequently exceed 30°C by 2100, endangering marine ecosystems [3][5]. - Previous assumptions indicated that Prochlorococcus would expand its distribution with rising ocean temperatures, but these estimates were primarily based on laboratory data [3]. Group 2: Research Findings - The study analyzed a decade of data collected from ships traversing the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean from 2010 to 2023, revealing that the growth and division rates of Prochlorococcus are temperature-dependent [5]. - Contrary to earlier predictions, the study found that the division rate of Prochlorococcus sharply declines when sea surface temperatures exceed 28°C [5]. - Simulations indicate that under representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5, Prochlorococcus productivity could decrease by 17% to 51% compared to current levels in future moderate and high warming scenarios [5][7]. Group 3: Research Limitations - The authors acknowledge that their field sampling may have missed rare heat-tolerant Prochlorococcus strains, and the ship-based data may not adequately represent some hotter tropical regions [7].

此外，这些试图拯救南北极冰盖的计划，其费用之高昂也令人瞠目结舌，估计每个计划的建立和维护成 本至少为100亿美元以上，其中为冰川布设帷幕是最昂贵的，预计10年内每50英里长的帷幕将耗资800亿 美元。 报告总结说，即使这些计划能克服重大技术和经济障碍，它们也无法以足够大的规模和速度展开部署， 从而应对气候危机的紧迫性。西格特表示，"它们反过来分散了我们对需要做的事情的注意力——那就 是减少碳排放。"伦敦帝国理工学院地球科学与工程系主任蒂娜·范德弗利尔特认为："作为在南极进行 过具有挑战性实地考察的亲历者，我想强调的是，这些建议要么在科学上存在缺陷，要么未经证实，要 么危险，要么在经济上不可行。"也有科学家表示，不应停止对"极地地球工程"的研究。芝加哥大学地 球物理科学助理教授皮特·欧文表示，"极地地球工程"不能替代减排，但这些干预措施可能会为地球健 康做出重大贡献。（陈山） 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）9日称，随着全球变暖的概念得到公众认可，人工冷却地球南北极的想 法，即所谓"极地地球工程"也越来越受到关注，学术界启动了相关研究项目，初创企业激增，投资者蜂 拥而至。但发表在《科学前沿》杂志上的最新报告显示，" ...

Core Insights - The summer rainy season in North China has set records for both duration and rainfall, marking the strongest rainy season since 1961 [1][2] - The rainy season began on July 5, 2023, which is 13 days earlier than the average, and ended on September 2, 2023, 16 days later than usual, resulting in a total duration of 29 days longer than the average [1][2] - Cumulative rainfall reached 356.6 mm, exceeding the average by 161.1%, establishing a historical high since 1961 [1] Climate Factors - The early onset of the rainy season is attributed to the abnormal northward movement of the subtropical high-pressure system, which has been influenced by climate change and ocean temperature anomalies [2] - The subtropical high-pressure system has been stronger and positioned further north than in previous years, contributing to increased moisture transport to North China [2] Long-term Trends - There is a linear increasing trend in rainfall during the rainy season in North China since the 21st century, although no significant increase is observed over a longer time frame from 1961 to 2024 [3] - Historical data indicates that years with rainfall exceeding 300 mm occurred primarily in the 1980s and 1990s [3] Weather Patterns - The combination of global warming and the early rainy season has led to increased humidity and prolonged high temperatures, resulting in a shift from dry heat to humid heat in North China's summers [4] - The frequency of humid heat events has increased significantly compared to dry heat events since 1981, with a growth rate of 2 to 3 times [4] Climate Change Implications - The record-breaking rainy season is seen as a localized manifestation of climate change, with rising atmospheric moisture and urban heat island effects contributing to more frequent and intense extreme rainfall events [4]

Core Viewpoint - The recent jellyfish invasion at French nuclear power plants highlights the growing risks associated with climate change and its impact on energy production, particularly in the context of rising sea temperatures and increased jellyfish populations [5][6]. Group 1: Incident Overview - A jellyfish invasion caused the temporary shutdown of one reactor and a reduction in capacity of another at the Paluel nuclear power plant, affecting nearly 2000 megawatts of power generation [1]. - The jellyfish blocked the cooling system's water pumps, disrupting the cooling process of the generators [2]. - The Gravelines nuclear power plant also experienced a similar jellyfish issue in mid-August, leading to a ten-day shutdown of four reactors [2]. Group 2: Response and Mitigation - EDF learned from the previous incident and proactively shut down the power generation equipment upon detecting the jellyfish [2]. - The jellyfish only impacted the "non-nuclear" parts of the power station, and other plants in France increased their output to compensate for the lost generation [4]. Group 3: Broader Implications - The overpopulation of jellyfish is attributed to warming sea temperatures, with this summer being one of the hottest on record in Europe [5]. - France generates 68.6% of its electricity from nuclear energy, with 14 out of 57 reactors using seawater for cooling, indicating a potential increase in jellyfish-related incidents if global warming continues [6]. - EDF had previously planned to install "acoustic deterrent devices" at the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station, referred to as "fish disco," but this project has not been implemented yet [6].

Core Insights - The Earth's geological carbon storage capacity is estimated to be 1.46 trillion tons, according to a recent study published in the journal Nature [1][3] - This capacity may be reached by the year 2200 under current warming mitigation scenarios, prompting countries to reconsider the role of carbon storage in their emission reduction plans [1][3] Group 1: Research Findings - The study indicates that to achieve net-zero carbon emissions, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted must be balanced by the amount sequestered [1] - Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology can potentially sequester emissions in geological formations for hundreds or thousands of years [1] - The cautious estimate of the Earth's geological carbon storage potential is 1.46 trillion tons, which could mitigate global warming by up to 0.7°C [3] Group 2: Geographic and Technical Considerations - Approximately 70% of the carbon storage potential is located on land, with high storage potential countries including Russia, the United States, China, Brazil, and Australia [3] - The study's limitations include not accounting for barriers to the scaling of carbon capture and storage technologies or potential future technological advancements [3] - Decision-makers are urged to clarify the estimated need for carbon storage and plan strategies to mitigate carbon emissions accordingly [3]

Group 1 - The UK has experienced its hottest summer on record, with an average temperature of 16.1 degrees Celsius, surpassing the previous record of 15.76 degrees Celsius set in 2018 [1] - The occurrence of record summer temperatures has increased by 70 times due to rising greenhouse gas concentrations from human activities [2] - The analysis indicates that under current climate conditions, similar extreme summers could occur approximately every five years, compared to a natural climate scenario where such summers would only happen once every 340 years [2] Group 2 - The average summer temperature in 2025 is 0.34 degrees Celsius higher than the previous record in 2018, while the difference between the other four hottest summers in history is only a few tenths of a degree [2] - The summer of 2025 saw four heatwaves, with daily maximum temperatures frequently exceeding 30 degrees Celsius, leading to a national severe water shortage [2] - Despite the hot summer, the highest temperature recorded was 35.8 degrees Celsius, which is lower than the national record of 40.3 degrees Celsius set in 2022 [3]