华南所副所长陆俊卿：2025年8月，华南所等单位在2024年首次对黄岩岛开展摸底调查的基础上，再次 联合开展黄岩岛海域生态环境状况的系统调查。与去年首次调查相比，今年的调查工作可以总结为"三 个更加注重"。 一是更加注重系统性与针对性。在调查对象和内容上，除了去年调查的海水水质、沉积物质量、生物质 量、海洋垃圾、珊瑚礁生态系统等各类生态环境要素外，针对黄岩岛自然生态系统和物种多样性，今年 新增了对黄岩岛潟湖内海草、黄岩岛海域砗磲生态状况的专题调查。在调查点位设置上，在去年调查点 位的基础上，进一步加密黄岩岛潟湖、礁坪和礁坡等点位布设，其中，珊瑚礁生态调查点位比去年增加 了50%，所获取的1740份样品量是去年的2.9倍，为更加系统深入地了解黄岩岛海域生态环境状况提供 了坚实基础。 二是更加注重科学性与先进性。现场调查和综合评估严格遵守国家相关技术标准规范，充分参考借鉴国 际上通用的相关技术方法，通过全过程质量控制确保调查数据科学性可靠性。同时，采用先进技术手 段，通过潜水调查、水下机器人、无人机航拍等获取了反映黄岩岛海域生态环境状况的大量影像资料， 在《报告》配套的视频中可以看到不少我们在现场拍摄的生动鲜活素 ...

《报告》认为，黄岩岛自然生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性好，可以为南海海洋生物提供重要栖息地 和庇护所，也是记录全球气候变化和环境演变的重要载体。另一方面，随着气候变化程度加剧，黄岩岛 珊瑚礁面临热胁迫压力不断增大，珊瑚礁白化潜在风险仍不容忽视。 (责编：卫嘉、白宇) 本报北京11月28日电（记者刘发为）28日，生态环境部发布《2025年黄岩岛海域生态环境状况调查评估 报告》（以下简称《报告》）。《报告》显示，黄岩岛海域环境质量持续为优，海水水质、海洋沉积物 质量等级保持为一类，鱼类样品中的重金属、石油烃等污染物残留量均低于评价标准限值，海水、海洋 沉积物和鱼类样品中均未检出氰化物。 《报告》指出，黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态系统健康稳定，现场调查共记录造礁石珊瑚14科39属134种，较2024 年调查多记录25种，活珊瑚平均覆盖度为29.8%，珊瑚幼体补充量较高，珊瑚群落对海水温度升高具有 较好的抵抗力和耐受性；礁栖生物多样性丰富，现场调查记录到礁栖鱼类24科145种，较2024年调查多 记录20种；此外还记录到砗磲3种，以及壳状珊瑚藻、苍珊瑚、软珊瑚、海百合等；未发现珊瑚向大型 藻类的相变，未发现珊瑚礁病害现象，长棘海 ...

Core Insights - The ecological environment of the Huangyan Island sea area is reported to be continuously excellent, with water quality and marine sediment quality maintaining a first-class rating, and pollutant residues in fish samples below evaluation standards [1][2] Group 1: Environmental Quality Assessment - The report indicates that the Huangyan Island sea area has a stable and healthy coral reef ecosystem, with 134 species of reef-building corals recorded, an increase of 25 species compared to 2024 [2] - The average coverage of live corals is reported at 29.8%, with a high replenishment rate of coral juveniles, demonstrating good resistance and tolerance to rising sea temperatures [2] - The biodiversity of reef-associated organisms is rich, with 145 species of reef fish recorded, an increase of 20 species from the previous survey [2] Group 2: Ecological Risks and Pressures - Despite the positive assessment, the report highlights that the coral reefs face increasing thermal stress due to climate change, and the potential risk of coral bleaching should not be overlooked [2] - The natural ecosystem's diversity, stability, and sustainability are deemed beneficial for marine life in the South China Sea, serving as an important habitat and refuge [2]

央视网消息：据"生态环境部"微信公众号消息，近日，由生态环境部华南环境科学研究所、生态环境部 珠江南海局监测与科研中心、生态环境部国家海洋环境监测中心、生态环境部卫星环境应用中心、生态 环境部宣传教育中心，会同海南省生态环境监测中心、广西大学广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室、海南 省海洋与渔业科学院等8家单位共同编制的《2025年黄岩岛海域生态环境状况调查评估报告》（以下简 称《报告》）发布。《报告》基于2024年和2025年现场调查结果、卫星遥感资料和历史调查研究资料 等，全面系统评估了黄岩岛海域环境质量状况、珊瑚礁生态系统和海草生态状况等，分析了面临的主要 压力和生态风险。 《报告》指出，黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态系统健康稳定，现场调查共记录造礁石珊瑚14科39属134种，较2024 年调查多记录25种，活珊瑚平均覆盖度为29.8%，珊瑚幼体补充量较高，珊瑚群落对海水温度升高具有 较好的抵抗力和耐受性；礁栖生物多样性丰富，现场调查记录到礁栖鱼类24科145种，较2024年调查多 记录20种；此外还记录到砗磲3种，以及壳状珊瑚藻、苍珊瑚、软珊瑚、海百合等；未发现珊瑚向大型 藻类的相变，未发现珊瑚礁病害现象，长棘海星等敌害 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report provides a comprehensive assessment of the coral reef ecosystems at Tiexian Reef and Niuhuo Reef, highlighting significant degradation in the Tiexian Reef's coral coverage while indicating that the ecosystem health of Niuhuo Reef remains relatively good. The report also refutes claims made by the Philippines regarding artificial land reclamation and coral debris dumping by China, stating these claims lack scientific basis [1][4][9]. Group 1: Ecosystem Assessment - The Tiexian Reef and Niuhuo Reef are part of China's Nansha Islands, with the Tiexian Reef's area measuring approximately 14 km in length and 7 km in width, while Niuhuo Reef measures about 7 km by 6 km [3]. - From 2016 to 2024, the coral coverage at Tiexian Reef decreased by approximately 68.9%, while Niuhuo Reef experienced a 12.2% decline in coral coverage during the same period [3][4]. - The investigation revealed a rich diversity of fish species, with Tiexian Reef hosting 144 species and Niuhuo Reef 133 species, representing 26.0% and 24.0% of the recorded coral reef fish species in the Nansha Islands, respectively [4]. Group 2: Human Impact and Environmental Factors - Illegal fishing activities by foreign vessels, particularly from the Philippines, and the presence of discarded materials were found to exert pressure on the coral reef ecosystems [9]. - The report highlights that ongoing construction activities on Zhongye Island by the Philippines have severely impacted China's territorial sovereignty and contributed to ecological degradation in the surrounding areas [9]. - The presence of natural sandbanks at both reefs, which are formed by coral debris, is confirmed to be a natural geographical phenomenon rather than a result of human activity [10]. Group 3: Causes of Coral Degradation - The primary cause of severe degradation in the Tiexian Reef's coral ecosystem is identified as outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish, which preferentially feed on branching corals [12][14]. - Seasonal thermal stress and human activities, including construction and pollution, are also significant factors affecting the health of the coral ecosystems [15]. - The report emphasizes the need for ongoing research and protective measures to mitigate the impacts of human activities and environmental changes on coral reef ecosystems [15].