Core Viewpoint - Japan's "peace" memorial museums are increasingly downplaying the country's wartime aggression, with significant alterations to historical narratives, particularly regarding events like the Nanjing Massacre, reflecting a rise in historical revisionism [2][3][5]. Group 1: Changes in Exhibitions - Nagasaki's atomic bomb museum plans to change references to the Nanjing Massacre to "Nanjing Incident," with some advocating for the removal of related displays entirely, sparking strong criticism [2]. - The Osaka International Peace Center has removed references to "aggression" and significant historical events like the Nanjing Massacre, focusing instead on narratives of victimhood from American bombings [2][3]. - The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum has minimized its portrayal of the Second Sino-Japanese War, replacing terms like "occupation" with vague language and omitting the historical death toll of the Nanjing Massacre [3]. Group 2: Resistance and Advocacy - The Ritsumeikan University International Peace Museum has faced internal pressure to remove displays on wartime atrocities, but academic staff successfully opposed these changes, highlighting the importance of confronting historical truths [3][4]. - Citizen groups in Nagasaki are advocating for the preservation of accurate historical representations, emphasizing the need to communicate the realities of wartime atrocities to the world [4]. Group 3: Broader Implications - The trend of historical revisionism is linked to a broader rightward shift in Japan's government and society, with increased pressure from right-wing groups influencing museum narratives [5][6]. - The lack of historical education in Japan is contributing to a younger generation's ignorance of the country's wartime actions, exacerbated by government interference in educational content [5][6]. - There is a growing concern that narratives glorifying Japan's wartime actions, such as the portrayal of kamikaze pilots, are legitimizing past aggressions and further entrenching revisionist views [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the remembrance of the Nanjing Massacre among the Russian public, emphasizing that many individuals are aware of the historical event and its implications, reflecting a strong sentiment against historical denialism [1][2]. Group 1: Public Awareness - Many Russians, regardless of age, acknowledge the Nanjing Massacre as a significant historical tragedy, with individuals recalling it from their education and personal research [1]. - A 70-year-old resident noted that the event was included in Soviet-era history textbooks, indicating its historical significance in Russian education [1]. - Younger generations, such as a 30-year-old environmental engineer, have learned about the massacre through online resources, recognizing it as a brutal act against unarmed civilians [1]. Group 2: Historical Denialism - Students from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations expressed concern over Japan's historical denial regarding its wartime actions, viewing it as an attempt to erase the past [2]. - One student emphasized the importance of learning and sharing the true history to counteract misinformation and denial [2]. - The article reflects a broader sentiment among the Russian public that denying historical atrocities is morally wrong and undermines human values [1][2].

Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the National Memorial Day for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre, emphasizing the importance of remembering the suffering caused by war and the ongoing quest for justice and acknowledgment from the Japanese government [1][6][12]. Group 1 - December 13 is established as the National Memorial Day for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre, a decision made by the 12th National People's Congress on February 27, 2014 [1]. - The article highlights the dwindling number of surviving victims of the Japanese "comfort women" system, with only 7 registered survivors remaining in mainland China as of August 2025, amidst an estimated 400,000 women affected across Asia [6]. - Survivors and advocates continue to seek a sincere apology from the Japanese government, which has been accused of denying responsibility and obstructing rights activities related to the "comfort women" issue [12][18]. Group 2 - The article underscores the resilience of survivors who have not remained silent, actively pursuing legal actions against the Japanese government to uphold the truth and prevent the recurrence of such suffering [18]. - It calls for a collective remembrance of all those who perished and honors the living who strive for justice, reinforcing the commitment to never forget the past [18].

监制丨冯旭宏制片人丨李昕 姚勤编导丨宋春瑶 李伟剪辑丨张斌记者丨杨光 杨滢 丁然 钱江 刘蓉蓉 在侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆，有一面由100位南京大屠杀幸存者肖像组成的照片墙。每有一位老人离世，就会"熄灭"一个灯箱。如今，这 面墙仅剩下"24盏灯"还在亮着。灯光熄灭，记忆不灭。悼我同胞，吾辈自强！ ...

就在这座城市血流成河时，受雇于西门子公司的德国人约翰·拉贝毅然留守，与多位国际友人共同奔 走，设立"国际安全区"，为超过二十万中国百姓提供避难所。 在忙碌的间隙，拉贝坚持写日记，详细记录日军暴行。今天，这些日记成为揭露日军制造南京大屠杀罪 行的铁证。 1937年冬，南京沦陷。数十万中国军民惨遭侵华日军屠戮，成为第二次世界大战史上的黑暗一页。 "我要亲眼看看这些残暴行径，以便我将来能作为目击证人把这些说出来。对这种残酷的暴行是不能沉 默的！"他在日记中写道。 1937年12月14日，南京沦陷的第二天。"开车穿过城市，我们才真正了解到破坏的程度。汽车每开100至 200米的距离，我们就会碰上好几具尸体……日本人每10至20人组成一个小分队，他们在城市中穿行， 把商店洗劫一空。如果不是亲眼所见，我是无法相信的。"拉贝在日记中写道。 1996年，拉贝的后代正式将《拉贝日记》向世人公开，成为迄今揭露南京大屠杀最重要、最详实的史料 之一。 "这些日记是属于整个人类的重要文献。它们记录了侵华日军在南京实施的残酷暴行，揭示了那场惨绝 人寰的灾难。"拉贝的曾外孙克里斯托夫·赖因哈特对记者说。 在拉贝的孙子托马斯·拉贝看来，拉贝 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the victims of the Nanjing Massacre, emphasizing the importance of remembering history to prevent similar tragedies from occurring in the future [3][6][9]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Nanjing Massacre occurred on December 13, 1937, when Japanese troops invaded Nanjing, resulting in the deaths of over 300,000 Chinese civilians [3]. - This event is recognized as one of the three major atrocities of World War II and is considered a significant crime against humanity [3]. Group 2: Personal Accounts - Survivor Li Daohua recounts his family's harrowing experiences during the massacre, highlighting the brutality of the Japanese soldiers and the impact on his family [11][12][18]. - American missionary John Magee describes the horror he witnessed during the massacre, noting the indifference of Japanese soldiers towards their victims [20][22]. - Writer Wang Huo shares his experiences as a journalist covering the Nanjing Massacre, emphasizing the importance of documenting these events for future generations [32][34][35]. Group 3: International Response - John Rabe, a German businessman, played a crucial role in establishing the Nanjing Safety Zone, which protected approximately 250,000 Chinese refugees during the massacre [24][45]. - Rabe's efforts were recognized post-war, as he faced persecution for his actions, but he remained a symbol of humanitarianism [47][48]. Group 4: Commemoration and Education - The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall has received over 150 million visitors since its opening in 1985, serving as a site for education and remembrance [51][52]. - Visitors often leave messages reflecting on themes of history, peace, and national pride, indicating a collective desire to remember and learn from the past [52].

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "Ironclad Evidence: Archives of Japanese War Crimes in China" in Changchun, Jilin Province, aims to reveal the atrocities committed by the Japanese military during their invasion of China, particularly focusing on the Nanjing Massacre and other war crimes [1][2]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition is based on the archives of the Jilin Provincial Archives, featuring six documents listed in the "Memory of the World" registry, along with primary materials sourced from Japanese civilians [2]. - It includes seven thematic sections, highlighting the Nanjing Massacre, forced "comfort women," violations of international conventions through biological and chemical warfare, the enslavement of laborers in Northeast China, Japanese immigration aggression in Northeast China, suppression of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, and the mistreatment of victims [2]. Group 2: Presentation of Evidence - The Nanjing Massacre section utilizes six documents from the Jilin Provincial Archives to provide a comprehensive view of this crime against humanity, showcasing the stark contrast between the shattered homes and the brutality of the Japanese military [2]. - A collection of materials from Japanese civilians, including military correspondence and news reports on the Nanjing Massacre, is being presented to the public for the first time, collected by Professor Li Suzhen and her team from Changchun Normal University [2]. Group 3: Purpose and Impact - The exhibition aims to restore historical truth and serve as a warning for the future, encouraging the public to draw strength from the spirit of resistance against aggression [2].

12月12日，外交部发言人郭嘉昆主持例行记者会。 记者提问，第十二个南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日临近，在中国抗战胜利80周年之际，特别是在日本首相高市 早苗有关涉台言论导致中日关系紧张的背景下，中方将如何开展纪念活动？ 郭嘉昆表示，今年是南京大屠杀惨案发生88周年。中方依据全国人大立法决定，将按惯例举行南京大屠杀死难 者国家公祭仪式。 南京大屠杀是日本军国主义犯下的残暴罪行，铁证如山。30万中国人惨遭屠杀，成为人类历史上最黑暗的一 页。日本军国主义以所谓"存亡危机事态"为由，对中国和其他亚洲国家发动侵略战争，犯下的反人类罪行罄竹 难书，是人类文明史上的耻辱。 郭嘉昆指出，《开罗宣言》《波茨坦公告》等国际法文件就反对侵略、惩治战犯、根除军国主义等作出明确规 定。同盟国还设立远东国际军事法庭审判日本战犯。然而日本政府长期纵容右翼分子倒行逆施，多任首相及其 他政要执意参拜供奉着甲级战犯的靖国神社。一些政客公然质疑对日本殖民侵略表示反省、道歉的"村山谈 话"。日方还多次修改教科书，企图美化侵略罪行，为侵略历史翻案。上述恶劣行径公然挑战战后国际秩序， 践踏人类良知，国际社会对此强烈愤慨，高度警惕。 郭嘉昆说，今年是中国人 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the systematic and state-sanctioned nature of the Nanjing Massacre, highlighting that it was not merely a breakdown of military discipline but a coordinated effort approved by the Japanese imperial family and executed by military command [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Nanjing Massacre occurred in December 1937, resulting in the deaths of over 300,000 Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers, marking a significant atrocity during the Second Sino-Japanese War [1]. - The Japanese military, driven by a desire for political gain and military success, disregarded international law and committed acts of mass murder [2]. Group 2: Information Control - The Japanese military established a dual information blockade, attempting to conceal their atrocities from the international community while misleading the Japanese public [3][5]. - Reports of the "Hundred People Kill" competition were published in Japanese media, showcasing a disturbing pride in the killings, which contradicted the military's efforts to suppress information about the massacre [5]. Group 3: International Response - International journalists, including American reporter John Rabe and others, played a crucial role in exposing the atrocities, with reports describing the horrific conditions in Nanjing and the indiscriminate killings [6]. - The term "Nanjing Massacre" was first used by international journalists, highlighting the global recognition of the events and the condemnation of Japanese military actions [6]. Group 4: Accountability and Justice - Post-war trials held many perpetrators accountable, including high-ranking officials like Matsui Iwane, who was sentenced to death for his role in the massacre [8]. - Some individuals involved in the atrocities, such as the officers who participated in the "Hundred People Kill" competition, faced justice, while others, including members of the imperial family, evaded prosecution due to political decisions made by the U.S. after the war [9].

编者按：1937年12月13日，侵华日军野蛮侵入南京，制造了惨绝人寰的南京大屠杀惨案，30万同胞惨遭 杀戮。88年过去，第十二个南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日来临之际，本报记者采访南京大屠杀幸存者夏 淑琴，追忆那些腥风血雨的日子里，同胞们守望相助、相互支持，国际友人冒着风险以各种方式保护南 京民众并记录下日本侵略者残暴行径的故事，深切缅怀所有惨遭日本侵略者杀戮的死难同胞。 我们铭记苦难，不是为了延续仇恨，而是启迪更多的人捍卫和平、开创未来。 1937年，夏淑琴8岁，家住南京新路口5号。 那年12月13日，初冬的南京已有寒意。上午9点，夏淑琴一家人如往常一样吃过早饭，妈妈还让姐姐洗 点菜、淘了些米准备午饭。 她没想到的是，这一天竟成为永生的噩梦。 亲人罹难 突然，门口响起了沉重的皮靴声，一队日本兵推开房门，直接射杀了开门的房东伯伯。夏淑琴的父亲也 被枪杀。 外公外婆连忙把四姐妹藏到自己房间里。夏淑琴听到门外凄厉的尖叫声——那是母亲在喊。夏淑琴的母 亲和她怀里年仅1岁的婴儿，随后都被杀害。 接着，日本兵来到外公外婆的房门口。外公外婆把四姐妹藏在被子里，两位老人挡在前面。当时，夏淑 琴的大姐16岁，二姐14岁，她8岁， ...