Core Viewpoint - China maintains that its nuclear capabilities are not comparable to those of the US and Russia, and it deems the request for China to join nuclear arms control negotiations as unfair and unreasonable [1] Group 1 - The Chinese government has reiterated its position on nuclear disarmament, emphasizing that it has previously clarified its stance on the matter [1] - The spokesperson highlighted that the US, as the country with the largest nuclear arsenal, should fulfill its special and priority responsibility for nuclear disarmament [1] - There is a call for the US to significantly reduce its nuclear stockpile to create conditions for comprehensive nuclear disarmament [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and its stance on nuclear testing in response to allegations from the U.S. regarding secret nuclear tests [2]. Group 1: China's Nuclear Policy - China adheres to a policy of peaceful development and maintains a no-first-use nuclear weapons policy [2]. - The country emphasizes its commitment to self-defense and has pledged to uphold its moratorium on nuclear testing [2]. - China expresses willingness to collaborate with other nations to uphold the authority of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) and to maintain international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation systems [2]. Group 2: U.S. Compliance and Global Stability - China urges the U.S. to fulfill its obligations under the CTBT and to honor its commitment to a moratorium on nuclear testing [2]. - The statement highlights the importance of actions that contribute to global strategic balance and stability [2].

Core Viewpoint - The hostile actions of NATO may lead to direct conflict between nuclear powers [1] Group 1: Nuclear Arms Control - Current conditions do not allow for cooperation between Russia and the U.S. in the field of nuclear non-proliferation [3] - If the U.S. rejects Russia's proposal to continue adhering to the core limits of the New START treaty after its expiration, a complete vacuum in nuclear arms control will emerge, leading to heightened nuclear safety tensions [3] - Russia's proposals are time-sensitive and can only be effective under conditions of cooperation with the U.S. [3] Group 2: Military Response and Security - Russia is compelled to adopt military-technical measures in response to the aggressive policies of NATO countries [3] - Russia asserts it will not engage in an expensive arms race but has the capability and resources to ensure its own security [3] - It is unrealistic to pursue nuclear disarmament without considering the military-political realities and security interests of nuclear-armed states [3]

Core Viewpoint - The United Nations General Assembly held a high-level meeting on September 26 to commemorate and promote the "International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons," urging member states to fulfill relevant treaties and advance nuclear disarmament efforts [1] Group 1: Nuclear Disarmament Advocacy - UN Secretary-General António Guterres emphasized the increasing complexity and unpredictability of the global nuclear arms race, highlighting the rising risks of conflict escalation and misjudgment, and called for nuclear-armed states to resume dialogue towards the total elimination of nuclear weapons [1] - The President of the 80th UN General Assembly, Dennis Francis, stated that the UN has effective frameworks for reducing nuclear dangers, such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, which all member states, including nuclear-armed countries, must adhere to [1] Group 2: Global Security Concerns - China's Permanent Representative to the UN, Geng Shuang, remarked that nuclear weapons pose a significant security threat to all nations, advocating for a complete ban and total destruction of nuclear weapons to ultimately establish a world free of nuclear arms, which aligns with the common interests of humanity [1] - Geng also noted the current complex international security landscape, with ongoing geopolitical conflicts, presenting unprecedented challenges to the nuclear disarmament process, and emphasized the need for the international community to work together to promote nuclear disarmament, prevent nuclear proliferation, and reduce nuclear risks [1] Group 3: Historical Context - The UN General Assembly passed a resolution in December 2013 designating September 26 as the "International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons," aimed at reminding the global community of the threats posed by nuclear weapons and the necessity for their complete elimination [1]

Core Points - South African President Ramaphosa emphasized the need for international cooperation to address global challenges and defend multilateralism during the 80th UN General Assembly [1] - He called for reforms in international financial institutions to support developing countries with fairer lending rules and highlighted the importance of maintaining the World Trade Organization's core role in global trade [1] - Ramaphosa pointed out the severe impacts of climate change on African nations, urging UN member states to adhere to their commitments in combating climate change [1] Group 1 - Ramaphosa criticized unilateral military actions and trade protectionism as threats to multilateralism and international law [1] - He highlighted the heavy debt burden hindering sustainable development in many African countries [1] - The President condemned Israel's actions in Gaza as "genocide" and called for the international community to implement the "two-state solution" [2] Group 2 - Ramaphosa stressed the need for nuclear disarmament and mentioned South Africa's role in the 2026 review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [2] - He urged countries to reaffirm their commitment to equality, dignity, and collective security in the context of the UN's 80th anniversary [2]

Core Points - South African President Ramaphosa emphasized the need for international cooperation to address global challenges and defend multilateralism during the 80th UN General Assembly [1] - He called for reforms in the UN Security Council to enhance its representativeness and effectiveness, citing its current inadequacies in maintaining international peace [1] - Ramaphosa highlighted the heavy debt burden hindering sustainable development in many African countries and urged for fairer lending rules from international financial institutions [1] - He stressed the importance of reforming the multilateral trading system to protect developing countries from unilateral trade policies that threaten global stability [1] - The impact of climate change on African nations was underscored, with Ramaphosa calling for adherence to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" in addressing climate commitments [1] Peace and Security Issues - Ramaphosa condemned Israel's actions in Gaza as "genocide" and urged the international community to fully implement the "two-state solution" [2] - He advocated for advancing nuclear disarmament and announced that South Africa will host the 2026 review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [2] - On the 80th anniversary of the UN, he called for countries to draw wisdom and build consensus to reaffirm commitments to equality, dignity, and collective security [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need to confront historical issues to pave the way for a brighter future, highlighting Asia's spirit of tolerance as a driving force for lasting world peace [2][6] - The speech covered five main topics: UN reform, the Middle East, nuclear disarmament, North Korea, and development [4] - Japan's long-standing support for a two-state solution between Israel and Palestine was reiterated, with a warning that Japan may consider new measures if Israel continues unilateral actions [4][6] Group 2 - The speech criticized Israel's actions in the Middle East while urging Palestine to take responsible measures, such as releasing hostages held by Hamas [4] - Japan has not yet recognized Palestine, unlike France, the UK, and Canada, which have done so during the UN General Assembly [6] - The call for UN reform included expanding the seats of both permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council, addressing the limitations of the current UN structure [6] Group 3 - The discussion on nuclear disarmament highlighted the necessity of a collaborative approach between nuclear and non-nuclear states under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) [6] - The speech included a critique of North Korea's nuclear development as a significant threat to international peace and security [6]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that China appreciates Russia's willingness to continue adhering to the New START treaty's restrictions for one year after its expiration, emphasizing the importance of nuclear disarmament responsibilities for both the US and Russia [1] - China maintains a consistent stance on the New START treaty, advocating for both the US and Russia to fulfill their special and priority responsibilities in nuclear disarmament [1] - The New START treaty, signed in 2010, aims to limit the number of nuclear warheads and delivery systems deployed by the US and Russia, originally set to last for 10 years but extended to February 5, 2026 [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that China supports Russia's commitment to adhere to the core limitations of the New START treaty after its expiration and emphasizes the importance of nuclear disarmament by the US and Russia [2][3] - China calls for the US and Russia, as the two countries with the largest nuclear arsenals, to fulfill their special and priority responsibilities in nuclear disarmament and to restore the execution of the New START treaty [2] - There is a call for further substantial and legally binding reductions in nuclear arsenals in a verifiable and irreversible manner, which aligns with the expectations of the international community [2]

Core Viewpoint - China appreciates Russia's positive stance on continuing to adhere to the New START treaty's restrictions for one year after its expiration [1] Group 1: Russia's Position - Russian President Putin announced that the New START treaty will expire on February 5 next year, but Russia is willing to continue following its restrictions for one year [1] - Putin stated that Russia would only continue to comply if the U.S. takes similar actions [1] Group 2: China's Stance - China's position on the New START treaty is consistent, emphasizing that the U.S. and Russia, as the two countries with the largest nuclear arsenals, should fulfill their special and priority responsibilities in nuclear disarmament [1] - China calls for the restoration of the New START treaty's execution and discussions on subsequent arrangements, advocating for significant and verifiable reductions in nuclear arsenals in a legally binding manner [1] Group 3: Treaty Background - The New START treaty was signed by Russia and the U.S. in 2010 to limit the number of deployed nuclear warheads and delivery systems [1] - The treaty officially came into effect on February 5, 2011, originally set for a 10-year term, which was later extended until February 5, 2026 [1]