Group 1 - The "Desert and Me" public exhibition on desertification prevention will be held from June 17 to June 30, 2025, organized by the SEE Foundation in Beijing [1] - The exhibition will showcase the SEE Foundation's nearly 20 years of practice, exploration, and thinking in desertification prevention through four dimensions: "Desert," "Plant," "Human," and "Water" [1] - The SEE Foundation has initiated several public welfare projects, including "One Hundred Million Tamarisk," "Groundwater Protection," and "Natural Education for Desertification Prevention," over the past decade [1] Group 2 - The "One Hundred Million Tamarisk" project has planted a total of 95.5393 million sand plants, raising over 400 million yuan in social funds and engaging over 600 million public participants from 2014 to the end of 2024 [1] - The foundation's key strategy in desertification prevention is "locking the edges," which involves planting sand plants to create a green lifeline that prevents the spread of desertification [2] - The exhibition features a unique design with square panels representing "grass grids," which are assembled in a three-dimensional space to form a grass grid newsstand, highlighting ten types of sand plants, including Tamarisk [2]

Core Viewpoint - The collaboration between China and Central Asian countries to address the ecological crisis of the Aral Sea is gaining attention, showcasing significant achievements in ecological governance and sustainable agricultural practices [3][7]. Group 1: Ecological Governance Initiatives - China and Central Asian countries have conducted joint scientific investigations and implemented various ecological projects, including saline-alkali land management and the establishment of water-saving cotton demonstration areas [3][6]. - The "Photovoltaic + Cotton Water and Fertilizer Integration" demonstration area in Uzbekistan has doubled cotton yields while significantly reducing costs and water usage through advanced irrigation and fertilization technologies [4][6]. Group 2: Technological Collaboration - The integration of Chinese photovoltaic panels and smart irrigation systems has led to an average cotton yield of 307 kg per mu in the demonstration area, which is substantially higher than the local average of 120 kg per mu, while water usage is approximately 70% of the local norm [6][7]. - The collaboration has provided a platform for technical exchanges between Chinese and Uzbek scientists, enhancing local capabilities in ecological governance [6][8]. Group 3: Regional Challenges and Responses - The Aral Sea, once the fourth largest lake in the world, has shrunk to about 10% of its original size due to human activities and climate change, leading to severe ecological consequences [4][7]. - The ecological crisis of the Aral Sea is a shared challenge for Central Asian countries, necessitating cooperative efforts for effective solutions [7][9]. Group 4: Future Prospects and International Cooperation - China has expressed willingness to deepen cooperation with Central Asian countries in addressing the Aral Sea ecological crisis, as highlighted during the first China-Central Asia Summit [7][9]. - The establishment of agricultural technology demonstration centers and platforms for bilateral agricultural cooperation is expected to enhance food production and promote sustainable agricultural practices in the region [8][9].

Group 1: Global Context - The theme for World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought emphasizes the importance of healthy land in providing food, water resources, employment, and security [1] - According to the latest data from the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, up to 40% of global land has degraded, affecting nearly half of the world's population [1] Group 2: Morocco's Initiatives - Morocco aims to restore 1 million hectares of land by 2030, implementing various policies such as the National Forest Strategy and the Green Morocco Plan [2] - Since 2005, Morocco has promoted afforestation strategies, focusing on drought-resistant tree species to increase vegetation cover [2] - The government encourages sustainable agriculture by subsidizing drip irrigation technology and promoting crop rotation and organic fertilizers [2] Group 3: International Cooperation in Morocco - Morocco collaborates with international organizations to promote sustainable grazing practices and develop drought response strategies, benefiting over 100,000 people [3] - A Moroccan startup utilizes solar energy to desalinate water for irrigation, achieving a 1.5 times higher yield compared to traditional monoculture [3] - Experts suggest that improving water resource management is crucial, with recommendations to explore AI irrigation systems for precise water supply [3] Group 4: Spain's Response - The Andalusia region, a major olive oil producer, faces severe land degradation due to extreme weather and overuse, prompting comprehensive management measures [4] - Spain's water reuse rate increased from 4% to 17.5% since 2019, as part of efforts to combat desertification [4] - Approximately 18% of Spain's land faces high desertification risk, with 20% already desertified, exacerbated by a 28% decrease in rainfall since 2022 [4][5] Group 5: Spain's Monitoring Systems - Spain has developed a real-time drought monitoring system using satellite data to analyze rainfall and evaporation, aiding water resource management [5] - The national strategy for combating desertification involves collaboration among various stakeholders and aims to create a desertification atlas for better risk analysis [5] Group 6: Turkmenistan's Actions - Turkmenistan, with 80% of its land covered by the Karakum Desert, actively implements national action plans to combat desertification [6] - The construction of water management systems has improved agricultural productivity and ecological balance [6] - The government plans to plant 3 million trees as part of its national forest development strategy [6] Group 7: International Collaboration in Turkmenistan - Turkmenistan collaborates with the FAO on sustainable resource management and has received support for monitoring desert plant growth [7] - The country seeks to learn from China's desertification control techniques, particularly the "wheat straw grid" method [7][8]

Group 1 - China's desertification prevention has led to continuous improvement in ecological and economic conditions in arid regions, providing a "Chinese solution" for global desertification control [2] - The establishment of a "green park" covering 40 acres in Mauritania, supported by a research team from Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, addresses local desertification and sustainable livelihood needs [5] - Since signing the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in 1994, China has actively fulfilled its obligations, hosting significant events and establishing desertification prevention centers in cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road [7] Group 2 - China's achievements in desertification prevention have garnered global attention, establishing an international model for ecological governance [11] - The reduction of desertified and sandy land areas in China has prompted localities to explore the integration of ecological and economic benefits in desertification control efforts [12] - A comprehensive demonstration area for desertification prevention and control has been established in Xinjiang, featuring sand-resistant plants and successful cultivation of various species [14][16] Group 3 - In Liaoning, a governance project initiated to combat severe soil erosion and desertification has resulted in the formation of 11.87 square kilometers of wetland effects, improving the sandy conditions of arable land [18] - Measures to prevent grassland desertification in Sichuan involve a combination of techniques, including the use of sand barriers and mixed grass sowing [20] - The ecological benefits are transforming into development momentum, with Tangke Town in the Yellow River's first bend becoming a distinctive tourist destination [23]

Core Viewpoint - The prevention of desertification is a significant ecological issue affecting human survival and development, emphasized by the Chinese leadership as crucial for ecological security, national strength, and sustainable development of the Chinese nation [1][2]. Group 1: Importance of Desertification Prevention - The situation regarding desertification and sand control in China remains severe, particularly in the "Three North" regions, which are economically underdeveloped and home to ethnic minorities [2]. - Historical experiences highlight the consequences of ecological degradation, with past desert expansions leading to the loss of significant cultural and economic areas, underscoring the need for proactive measures [3]. Group 2: Achievements and Strategies - Since the implementation of the "Three North" shelterbelt program initiated in 1978, China has made remarkable progress in combating desertification, achieving a historic shift from "sand encroaching on land" to "green reclaiming sand" [4]. - The leadership acknowledges the importance of sustained efforts and the need for a long-term commitment to desertification prevention, recognizing it as a challenging and ongoing process [5]. Group 3: Future Directions - The goal is to create new miracles in desertification prevention by adopting a systematic approach that integrates various ecological elements for comprehensive management [8]. - Successful examples of integrated management, such as in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, demonstrate the effectiveness of coordinated efforts in restoring ecological balance [9]. Group 4: Scientific Approach - A scientific approach to desertification control is emphasized, advocating for research-based planning and the appropriate use of resources to ensure effective outcomes [10]. - The focus is on adapting strategies to local conditions, utilizing suitable vegetation types, and avoiding impractical interventions in areas unsuitable for transformation [10].

Core Viewpoint - The "Three-North" project is a significant national strategy aimed at combating desertification and enhancing ecological restoration in China's ecologically fragile regions, with a focus on systematic governance and integrated ecological protection [10]. Group 1: "Three-North" Project Overview - The "Three-North" project is positioned as a critical initiative for ecological protection and restoration in China's desertification-prone areas, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to environmental management [10]. - The project aims to complete the governance of over 3.8 million hectares by 2024, marking a substantial step in ecological restoration efforts [10]. Group 2: Local Implementation and Innovations - In the Yellow River "Z" bend area, a systematic approach to sand control has been established, integrating natural protection areas, farmland shelterbelts, and designated zones for sand fixation and solar energy [2][3]. - In the Khorchin Sandy Land, innovative practices such as intercropping drought-resistant tree species have been implemented to enhance the resilience of afforestation efforts [6][7]. - The integration of solar energy projects with agricultural practices has transformed previously barren lands into productive areas, demonstrating the synergy between ecological restoration and economic development [7]. Group 3: Community Involvement and Economic Benefits - The local communities are actively engaged in sand control efforts, with policies facilitating the allocation of state-owned sandy lands to households for cultivation, thereby promoting both ecological and economic benefits [9]. - The production of desert plants like meat苁蓉 has surged, with the region accounting for 85% of the national output, showcasing the successful combination of ecological restoration and economic growth [9].

Core Viewpoint - The global issue of desertification significantly impacts biodiversity, ecological security, poverty alleviation, socio-economic stability, and sustainable development, with a focus on the importance of healthy land in providing food, water resources, employment, and security [1][2]. Group 1: Global Impact of Desertification - Desertification affects nearly half of the global population, with up to 40% of land already degraded, threatening food security, water quality, and overall human health [2]. - The consequences of desertification include reduced agricultural output, worsening water supply, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and heightened risks of natural disasters and social conflicts [2]. Group 2: China's Efforts in Combating Desertification - China has made significant progress in desertification control, transitioning from "desert encroachment" to "greening efforts," and has achieved a dual reduction in desertified and sandy land areas [1][4]. - The country actively participates in global desertification governance, sharing its successful experiences and technologies, such as the "Three-North Shelter Forest Program," to assist other regions like the Sahel and Central Asia [5][6]. Group 3: Innovative Techniques and Global Cooperation - Various innovative techniques for desertification control include the use of biological soil crusts and water resource management strategies, which are essential for transforming sand into fertile soil [3]. - China promotes international cooperation through training programs, forums, and the establishment of cross-border desertification control centers, contributing to global efforts in combating desertification [5][6].

Core Viewpoint - The "China-Africa Green Technology Park" is not only a bilateral cooperation project but also a transformative initiative aimed at combating desertification and promoting sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa [2] Group 1: Project Achievements - Since the signing of the first cooperation agreement in 2017, the project has achieved significant results in Mauritania, including the successful stabilization of 100 hectares of sandy land, with 4 hectares transformed into a sustainable oasis through Chinese sand-fixing technology [2] - The project has trained 45 local technicians in greening technology and created 120 direct jobs for the local community [2] - A recent agreement for a 10,000-hectare greening project marks a new phase in cooperation, improving both ecological conditions and living standards [2] Group 2: Technological Collaboration - China is considered an irreplaceable partner for Mauritania in technology and scientific collaboration, with the installation of three smart meteorological stations and the introduction of drone seeding systems and sand-fixing equipment [3] - The establishment of a "China-Mauritania Desertification Prevention Center" is underway, aimed at becoming a demonstration platform for ecological cooperation in West Africa [3] Group 3: Recognition of China's Role - China's efforts in green technology and ecological governance are highly recognized, providing important references for African countries like Mauritania [3] - The collaboration integrates high technology, technology transfer, and innovative financing, with 85% of ecological monitoring points using Chinese systems [4] Group 4: Future Outlook - The cooperation between Mauritania and China is seen as a vivid practice of assisting African countries in green development, with the "Great Green Wall" initiative no longer a dream but a growing reality [4]

Group 1 - The "China-Africa Green Technology Park" is not only a bilateral cooperation project but also a transformative initiative for green development in sub-Saharan Africa [1] - Since the signing of the first cooperation agreement in 2017, the project has achieved significant results in Mauritania, including the successful stabilization of 100 hectares of sandy land and the creation of 120 local jobs [1] - A recent agreement for a 10,000-hectare greening project marks a new phase in cooperation, improving both ecological conditions and local livelihoods [1] Group 2 - China is considered an irreplaceable partner for Mauritania in technology and technical support for desertification prevention [2] - The establishment of the "China-Mauritania Desertification Prevention Center" aims to serve as a demonstration platform for ecological cooperation in West Africa [2] - China's experience in environmental quality improvement and ecological restoration provides valuable lessons for African countries like Mauritania [2] Group 3 - China's role in bilateral and multilateral ecological cooperation is increasingly prominent, effectively narrowing the North-South gap [3] - The cooperation with China integrates high technology, technology transfer, and innovative financing, ensuring projects align with Mauritania's national planning [3] - The collaboration is characterized by mutual benefit without political conditions, emphasizing local adaptability of technology [3]

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