Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rise and challenges of the "all-female economy" in China, highlighting its initial popularity driven by feminist discussions and the subsequent wave of business closures that reveal underlying issues in this business model [3][4]. Group 1: Rise of the "All-Female Economy" - The "all-female economy" gained rapid popularity, particularly in major cities, as it aligns with the growing feminist discourse [6][8]. - Popular services in the "all-female" sector include traditional businesses, event spaces, and entertainment, accounting for 40%, 18%, and 16.4% respectively [7]. - The "all-female economy" can be categorized into two main types: creating exclusive spaces for women and providing female-centric services [8][19]. Group 2: Business Models and Consumer Experience - "All-female" gyms offer a private environment, addressing women's concerns about being judged or harassed in mixed-gender gyms [9][12]. - "All-female" bars aim to create a safe space for women, focusing on female-centric activities and community building [13][15]. - The emergence of "all-female" accommodations and bookstores caters to the increasing number of solo female travelers, providing safety and a supportive atmosphere [16][19]. Group 3: Commercial Viability and Criticism - As of May 2025, the "all-female" term has garnered over 16.91 million views on social media, indicating a significant flow of interest in feminist topics [26]. - Despite the initial success, many businesses labeled as "all-female" face criticism for failing to deliver genuine female-friendly services, leading to a perception of "hanging a sheep's head while selling dog meat" [29][30]. - Issues such as inadequate facilities, male staff presence, and high prices have led to dissatisfaction among female customers, questioning the authenticity of the "all-female" experience [31][32][35]. Group 4: Sustainability and Future Outlook - The closure of a female-focused bookstore after only 198 days highlights the challenges of sustaining the "all-female economy" amid high operational costs and limited customer base [37][40]. - The article suggests that the "all-female model" may not be a viable long-term solution for women's empowerment, as it often excludes a significant portion of the population and fails to meet consumer expectations [41][44]. - The ongoing debate about whether the "all-female model" represents progress or retreat for women continues, with calls for more inclusive approaches to address women's needs in society [44].

Core Viewpoint - The "female economy" in China, characterized by businesses exclusively catering to women, is facing challenges and potential decline despite its initial popularity driven by feminist discussions and consumer interest [2][5][6]. Group 1: Definition and Rise of "Female Economy" - The "female economy" refers to business models where both employees and customers are exclusively female, including establishments like all-female bookstores, bars, and fitness centers [4]. - This concept gained traction alongside the rise of feminist discussions, becoming a significant consumer trend and a source of revenue for various platforms [5][8]. Group 2: Types of "Female Economy" - The "female economy" can be categorized into two main types: those creating exclusive spaces for women and those providing specialized services tailored to female needs [11][24]. - Examples include all-female gyms that address safety concerns and provide a comfortable environment for women, as well as all-female bars that aim to create a safe social space [12][18]. Group 3: Market Performance and Consumer Sentiment - As of May 2025, the term "female" on social media platforms has garnered over 16.91 million views, indicating a significant interest in feminist topics [35]. - However, many consumers have expressed dissatisfaction with the actual services provided by businesses claiming to be "female-friendly," leading to accusations of false advertising and unmet expectations [39][40]. Group 4: Challenges and Criticism - The "female economy" is experiencing a wave of business closures, with some establishments failing to deliver on their promises of safety and comfort for women [6][56]. - Criticism has emerged regarding the high prices of services in "female" establishments, which often exceed those of mixed-gender venues, raising questions about their sustainability and true value to consumers [62][63]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The ongoing debate about whether the "female economy" represents progress or retreat for women suggests that the current model may need reevaluation to align better with consumer expectations and market realities [66].

Group 1 - The novel "Beyond the Mountain" revolves around the story of a guesthouse owner who creates a retreat after losing his wife, connecting various travelers' stories, including a sick and heartbroken customer, a young woman returning home, a scientist conducting field research, an elderly couple burdened by history, and college students on a breakup trip [4] - The author, Jiang Yun, has received multiple literary awards, including the Lu Xun Literary Prize and the Lao She Literary Prize, and has published several novels that have been translated into multiple languages [4] Group 2 - The book "My Emily Dickinson" aims to provide a deeper understanding of Emily Dickinson's life and work, challenging the misconceptions surrounding her as a "fairy" or "madwoman" and highlighting her insights into the external world and her revolutionary approach to language [6] - Susan Howe, the author, is a prominent figure in American language poetry and offers a rich interpretation of Dickinson's poetry and letters, while translator Wang Baihua is a professor at Fudan University with extensive research on Dickinson's poetry [6] Group 3 - "This Gender is Not One" critiques the male-centric discourse that defines women as lacking subjectivity, analyzing the historical marginalization of women's sexual experiences and the contradictions in their societal roles [8] - The author, Luce Irigaray, challenges traditional views of women as passive victims, emphasizing their agency and the need for a shift in societal perceptions regarding women's bodies and identities [8] Group 4 - The book "Artificial Wombs" discusses the advancements in technology that allow for the simulation of an external uterine environment, raising ethical and social questions about the implications of such technology on reproductive rights and parental identity [11] - Author Claire Horn emphasizes the existing inequalities and biases in society that must be addressed before the widespread adoption of artificial womb technology [11] Group 5 - "The Crossroads of Hesitation" focuses on the small scholars of the late Ming dynasty, exploring their struggles and choices amidst various intellectual movements, and how their grassroots efforts influenced cultural and ideological landscapes [13] - The author, Zhang Yixi, is a professor with a focus on Ming-Qing thought history and local history, highlighting the significance of these lesser-known figures in shaping historical narratives [13] Group 6 - "The Abandoned Husband's Escape" examines the legal cases involving women in Beijing during the wartime period, revealing how economic instability forced women into desperate situations, leading to actions often viewed as criminal [17] - Historian Ma Zhao challenges the notion of women as mere victims, showcasing their resilience and strategies for survival in a male-dominated society [17] Group 7 - "On Idols, Thinking While Entangled" explores the complexities of idol culture from a feminist perspective, addressing issues such as the commodification of personalities and the societal implications of idolization [20] - The book features contributions from various authors who analyze the contradictions within idol culture, including the empowerment of female idols and the restrictive norms they face [20]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing prevalence of online violence and harassment faced by female web novel authors, primarily due to readers perceiving them as "misogynistic" or "pro-male" [5][13][19]. Group 1: Experiences of Female Authors - Author Zheng Lansheng experienced severe online harassment after a reader expressed outrage over a character in her novel, leading to threats and personal attacks [6][8]. - Author Zhou Qian faced similar harassment, including a false report to her workplace, which caused her significant distress and fear for her safety [9][10]. - Many authors have adopted protective measures, such as not disclosing their real names or social media accounts, to shield themselves from potential backlash [10][11]. Group 2: Reader Expectations and Criticism - There is a growing demand among readers for "pro-female" narratives, which has led to a backlash against works perceived as "misogynistic" [15][19]. - The emergence of "love female" literature reflects a shift in reader expectations, with a focus on strong female characters and a rejection of traditional gender roles [17][19]. - Some readers have become overly sensitive to language and character portrayals, leading to extreme reactions against authors [21][22]. Group 3: Impact of Commercialization - The commercialization of web literature has shifted the focus of authors from self-expression to meeting reader demands, resulting in a decline in narrative quality [35][36]. - The competitive landscape has intensified, with a significant increase in the number of new web novels published, leading to a saturation of the market [36][37]. - Authors are increasingly influenced by reader feedback and data analytics, which can constrain their creative freedom [40][41]. Group 4: Consequences of Online Harassment - The article highlights the severe psychological impact of online harassment on authors, with some experiencing anxiety and fear for their safety [9][10][42]. - The case of author Luo Shiyi, who attempted suicide after facing backlash, underscores the potential dangers of online violence and the need for better support systems for authors [42][43]. - The article calls for a reevaluation of the relationship between authors and readers, emphasizing the importance of constructive dialogue rather than hostility [49].

Group 1 - The article discusses a rising trend of "gender reversal" in online content, where women are exploring the experiences of men, highlighting the historical privileges men have enjoyed for centuries [1][2] - Female creators are engaging in a movement to replace female characters in male-centric novels with male counterparts, challenging traditional gender roles and perspectives [3][4] - The creators express their motivations rooted in personal experiences and societal observations, aiming to critique and reflect on the male gaze prevalent in literature and media [4][8] Group 2 - The trend is characterized by a collaborative nature, where audiences actively engage with and expand upon the creators' works, indicating a strong community involvement [12] - The creators acknowledge that while their works may seem extreme, they aim to confront and validate the experiences of women, fostering a sense of empowerment and self-confidence [16][20] - Despite the popularity of gender-reversal content, it remains a niche interest, primarily appealing to female audiences, with limited impact on broader societal views [17][19] Group 3 - The creators are aware of the potential for their works to exacerbate gender tensions, yet they strive for a more balanced representation of both genders in future narratives [20][21] - The article concludes that regardless of the longevity of this trend, it represents a significant attempt by women to engage in societal narratives and assert their perspectives [21]

Core Viewpoint - The rise of short dramas in the Chinese market reflects a shift towards more liberated and sensual portrayals of female characters, contrasting with the restrictive narratives of long dramas [1][6][8] Group 1: Characteristics of Short Dramas - Short dramas are characterized by their explicit sexual tension and bold female leads, often engaging in provocative dialogue and actions [1][2] - The trend of short dramas includes a significant amount of female nudity and sexual themes, which have been largely absent in long dramas for years [2][4] - The narratives in short dramas often intertwine with themes of female empowerment and revenge, allowing audiences to appreciate the female characters without feeling objectified [2][6] Group 2: Evolution of Female Representation - The representation of women in long dramas has historically been restrictive, often portraying them as submissive or in need of male validation [4][5] - Since 2015, there has been a gradual shift in long dramas towards acknowledging women's struggles, but they often lack emotional resolution, leaving viewers unsatisfied [5][6] - The emergence of short dramas since 2023 has allowed for a more direct and impactful representation of female desires and autonomy, moving away from the burdens of traditional narratives [6][7] Group 3: Audience Reception and Emotional Impact - The audience's preference for short dramas can be attributed to their emotional compensation, as they provide a sense of empowerment and satisfaction that long dramas fail to deliver [6][8] - The portrayal of female characters in short dramas often leads to a sense of vicarious victory for viewers, as they resonate with the characters' assertiveness and independence [7][8] - The current trend reflects a broader cultural shift where female viewers seek narratives that validate their experiences and desires, contrasting sharply with the past [6][8]

本文首发于虎嗅年轻内容公众号"那個NG"（ID：huxiu4youth）。在这里，我们呈现当下年轻人的面貌、故事和态度。 以下文章来源于那个NG ，作者黄瓜汽水 那个NG . 用关注决定视界｜复杂世界的策展人 出品 | 虎嗅青年文化组 作者 | 黄瓜汽水 编辑、题图 | 渣渣郡 韩国人最该申遗的就是电影和电视剧。 光是这张截图，就是我今年看过最幽默的台词。 和所有人一样，刚看到这部电视剧的名字我嗤之以鼻，结果打开第一集就开始以泪洗面。 当你以为自己打开的是烂俗爱情剧的时候，你就落入了韩国人布置的名为"亲情" 的陷阱。 比起《苦尽柑来遇见你》这个无比俗套的译名，济州岛方言"辛苦了"（폭싹 속았수다）才是这部电视剧真正的灵魂。 辛苦了——这是全东亚儿女对父母没说出口的那句话。 豆瓣一路从9.1分涨到了9.6分，《苦尽柑来》是近年来评分最高的韩剧之一，接棒《请回答1988》创造了韩国年代剧的第二座高峰。 看网友的反应就知道了。近十年几乎没有出现过一部电视剧能让大家集体泪失禁，哭到人脸识别都通过不了的程度。 从1950年到2020年，整整70年的时间，是外婆、母亲、女儿三代人的人生，也是韩国国家编年史的脉络。 其实在 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the film "There is Tomorrow," which highlights the struggles of women in a patriarchal society, particularly focusing on the character Dilia, who represents the plight of women in post-war Italy and their fight for rights and autonomy [5][11][41]. Summary by Sections Film Overview - "There is Tomorrow" is a black-and-white film that has achieved significant box office success in Italy, surpassing "Oppenheimer" and becoming one of the top ten films in Italian history [5]. - The film is directed by Paula Cortellisi and is noted for its feminist themes, exploring the exploitation of women within the family unit as a microcosm of patriarchy [5][6]. Character Analysis - Dilia is portrayed as a typical mother and wife, constantly busy with household chores and subjected to her husband's verbal and physical abuse [3][10]. - The film illustrates Dilia's struggle in the gig economy, where she juggles multiple low-paying jobs while her earnings are controlled by her husband [8][9]. Themes of Patriarchy and Violence - The narrative emphasizes the systemic nature of domestic violence, showing how Dilia's husband embodies the patriarchal values passed down through generations [20][21]. - The film creatively depicts domestic violence through a surreal lens, blending art and brutality in a way that critiques the normalization of such violence [16][18]. Generational Impact - The relationship between Dilia and her daughter Marcella reflects the cycle of abuse and the struggle for empowerment, with Dilia ultimately seeking to break this cycle for her daughter [22][24]. - The film culminates in a powerful moment where Dilia chooses to participate in the first political election allowing women to vote in Italy, symbolizing a shift towards empowerment and agency [37][40]. Social Commentary - The article draws parallels between the film's themes and contemporary issues, highlighting the ongoing struggles women face in society [40][41]. - It emphasizes the importance of political engagement and awareness of women's rights, suggesting that the fight for equality is ongoing and requires active participation [42][43].