接：11月24日，中国人民大学重阳金融研究院研究员 敦志刚在《金融时报》发表文章指出，全球金融体系正迎来一个深刻变革与重构的历史性时 在这一宏观背景下，深入剖析美联储降息的深层逻辑、全球影响与政策启示，具有重大的理论价值与现实意义。现将全文发布如下： （全文约7600 字 预计阅读时间20分钟) 胶志刚 全球金融体系正迎来一个深刻变革与面 构的历史性时刻。美联储于 2025 年 9 月 18 日宣布下调联邦基金利率, 将联邦基金利率目 标区间从4.25%至4.50%下调25个基点至 4.00%至4.25%,这是美联储2025年以来首次 降息;10 月 29 日,美联储进一步将联邦基金 利率目标区间下调 25 个基点到 3.75%至 4.00%之间,也是自去年9月开启降息周期以 来的第五次降息,本年度累计降幅已达50个 基点,不仅标志着其货币政策周期的重要转 折,更意味着全球货币政策协调机制、资本浩 动格局与金融治理体系将进入新一轮调整与 直塑阶段。这一转变既源于美国国内经济周 期演进与结构变迁的内生要求,也是应对全球 经济增速放缓、通胀动态演变与金融环境变化 的必然选择。正如习近平总书记所指出的"全 球治理体 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need to enhance the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies while addressing the declining marginal efficiency of these policies [2][3] - The importance of ensuring consistency between economic and non-economic policies to avoid "composite fallacy" is highlighted, as conflicting policies can lead to suboptimal outcomes [2][3] - The necessity of improving the transmission mechanism of macroeconomic policies to achieve intended policy goals is discussed, indicating that a blockage in these mechanisms can hinder effectiveness [3][4] Group 2 - The role of automatic stabilizers and fiscal policy transmission mechanisms is crucial, with income distribution, money supply, and prices being key mediators [4][5] - The need for a robust expectation management mechanism is outlined, emphasizing that market participants' expectations can significantly influence policy effectiveness [6][7] - The importance of matching policy goals with appropriate tools is stressed, referencing Tinbergen's principle that the number of policy instruments should at least equal the number of targets [9] Group 3 - The coordination between short-term and long-term policies is essential for stabilizing economic growth, with short-term counter-cyclical policies needing to align with structural reforms [10][11] - The current economic environment necessitates stronger macroeconomic stimulus policies to break negative cycles and restore confidence among businesses and households [8][11] - The potential negative impacts of short-term policies on long-term structural reforms must be carefully managed to ensure overall policy effectiveness [11]