接：11月24日，中国人民大学重阳金融研究院研究员 敦志刚在《金融时报》发表文章指出，全球金融体系正迎来一个深刻变革与重构的历史性时 在这一宏观背景下，深入剖析美联储降息的深层逻辑、全球影响与政策启示，具有重大的理论价值与现实意义。现将全文发布如下： （全文约7600 字 预计阅读时间20分钟) 胶志刚 全球金融体系正迎来一个深刻变革与面 构的历史性时刻。美联储于 2025 年 9 月 18 日宣布下调联邦基金利率, 将联邦基金利率目 标区间从4.25%至4.50%下调25个基点至 4.00%至4.25%,这是美联储2025年以来首次 降息;10 月 29 日,美联储进一步将联邦基金 利率目标区间下调 25 个基点到 3.75%至 4.00%之间,也是自去年9月开启降息周期以 来的第五次降息,本年度累计降幅已达50个 基点,不仅标志着其货币政策周期的重要转 折,更意味着全球货币政策协调机制、资本浩 动格局与金融治理体系将进入新一轮调整与 直塑阶段。这一转变既源于美国国内经济周 期演进与结构变迁的内生要求,也是应对全球 经济增速放缓、通胀动态演变与金融环境变化 的必然选择。正如习近平总书记所指出的"全 球治理体 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the report industry investment rating is provided in the document. Core View of the Report The report delves into the evolution of the Phillips Curve and its current state of alienation in the US, aiming to explain the Fed's policy dilemmas. It analyzes the factors contributing to the flattening and steepening of the curve and offers insights into the Fed's current policy stance, including reasons for delaying interest rate cuts [2][8][14]. Summary by Related Catalog Evolution of the Phillips Curve Theory - In 1926, Irving Fisher pointed out the inverse relationship between unemployment and price changes, emphasizing the impact of unexpected price changes on the economy [3]. - In 1958, Phillips proposed the negative correlation between the unemployment rate and the rate of change in money - wages, and drew the Phillips Curve [3]. - In 1960, Samuelson and Solow proposed the "unemployment - price" Phillips Curve, replacing the rate of change in money - wages with price increases and incorporating the theory of wage - cost - driven inflation [4]. - In 1962, Okun proposed the "output - price" Phillips Curve, replacing the unemployment rate with the economic growth rate. The combination of Okun's Law and the Phillips Curve forms the basis of the Keynesian policy framework [5]. - In the 1970s, Friedman and Phelps proposed the Phillips Curve with adaptive expectations, introducing the concepts of short - term and long - term curves and the natural unemployment rate [6]. - In the mid - 1970s, the rational expectations school argued that there is no stable relationship between unemployment and inflation in both the short and long term, and the Phillips Curve is vertical [7]. - After the 1980s, the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) became systematic, emphasizing forward - looking expectation management [7]. Alienation of the Phillips Curve - **Flattening**: In recent years, the Phillips Curve has flattened. From 1960 - 1983, the slope was 0.67, but from 2000 - 2019, it dropped to 0.03, making it difficult for policymakers to adjust inflation and employment. Factors include stable inflation expectations, supply - chain reconstruction due to trade globalization, and labor - market structural issues [8][9][10]. - **Steepening**: Since 2020, due to large - scale fiscal stimulus and supply - side disruptions after the pandemic, the Phillips Curve has shown a short - term steepening, leaving behind government debt pressure and weakening the curve's elasticity [11]. - **Underlying Cause**: The essence of the Phillips Curve's changes is that the US economy is no longer a closed loop, and the economic cycle's scope changes, leading to local breaks in the curve [12]. Understanding the Fed's Policy Attitude - **Two Concerns**: The Fed is worried about uncontrollable inflation expectations and whether tariff shocks and loose policies will lead to persistent inflation [14]. - **Reasons for Delaying Interest Rate Cuts**: The Fed's ability to suppress inflation is declining; the effectiveness of interest rate cuts depends on the smooth operation of the global dollar system; managing inflation expectations is crucial; and the Fed uses the CME FedWatch tool for expectation management [15].