【#4100年前的天文观测有多牛#】21日，我们迎来#冬至#节气。冬至，作为二十四节气中最早被确定的 节气之一，承载着古人对自然节律的深刻洞察。谁能想到，上古先民的天文黑科技就藏在山西临汾陶寺 的夯土墙里！这座距今4100余年的建筑，不仅是中国最早的观象台遗址，更将冬至观测的历史追溯到了 上古尧帝时期。而有趣的是，复原后的观象台观测冬至日出，太阳却没有按预期落在缝隙里。北京天文 馆副馆长齐锐揭秘——核心原因竟然是黄赤交角的长期变化。而这一点点偏差，恰恰印证了先民的智 慧，没有精密仪器，却能以天地为尺、日月为标，把宇宙规律刻进建筑里。#冬至文案#更多详情→（科 技日报 李梦一 潘宇菲 李忠明） （来源：科技日报） ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the handover of responsibilities between two members of China's Antarctic research team, focusing on the operation of astronomical observation equipment at the Xian Nü Peak site, which is crucial for space debris monitoring and radio astronomy [4][5][6]. Group 1: Astronomical Observation Equipment - The Xian Nü Peak astronomical observation platform includes a 310mm space debris telescope and a 150mm space debris observation telescope, both newly installed, significantly enhancing China's capability to monitor and track space debris [4][5]. - The space debris consists of fragments from celestial bodies, satellites, and rocket remnants, which pose risks to spacecraft; monitoring in polar regions provides critical data for assessing collision risks and aiding decision-making [5]. Group 2: Operational Procedures and Training - The outgoing team member, Zhang Yi, provides training to the incoming member, Zhou Xingyu, on the operation of the radio telescope, emphasizing the importance of monitoring for magnetic and static interference that could affect the telescope's positioning [5][6]. - Zhang Yi also instructs on the necessity of weather monitoring and equipment safety measures, particularly in extreme weather conditions, where wind speeds can reach up to level 12 [5][6]. Group 3: Infrastructure and Support - The astronomical observation building, constructed from standard shipping containers, is equipped with essential facilities for remote monitoring and data analysis, allowing operations to continue indoors during the harsh Antarctic winter [6]. - The building was completed in April of the current year, marking a significant step in the development of astronomical observation capabilities at the Antarctic station [6].

Core Insights - China Unicom's subsidiary in Haixi Prefecture has invested 7.29 million yuan in the Cold Lake Mars Camp area, laying 129 kilometers of optical cable and establishing 12 4G base stations and 1 5G base station, achieving continuous wireless network coverage in the region [1][3] Group 1: Investment and Infrastructure Development - The investment of 7.29 million yuan has been directed towards enhancing communication infrastructure in a remote area known for its unique Martian-like landscape [1] - A total of 129 kilometers of optical cable has been laid, which supports the connectivity of the newly established base stations [1] - The construction of 12 4G base stations and 1 5G base station has been completed, significantly improving wireless network coverage [1][3] Group 2: Tourism and Scientific Research - The Cold Lake area is being developed as a "science fiction tourism" destination, leveraging its unique geological features to attract visitors [1] - The region has also seen the establishment of an astronomical observation base, with investments totaling 3 billion yuan since 2018, making it the largest optical astronomy observation base in Asia [1] - The ongoing development of scientific research facilities includes the construction of new 4G base stations to support the Tsinghua University Deep Space Technology Center and the Purple Mountain Observatory [3] Group 3: Future Network Requirements - As more astronomical observation stations are built, there will be an increasing demand for high-speed networks, massive data storage, and high-performance computing [3] - China Unicom plans to enhance wireless network coverage and improve network quality to meet future challenges related to data storage and computing power [3]

Core Insights - The Guo Shoujing Telescope represents a significant advancement in astronomical research, marking a transition to a more detailed era of study [4][5] - The telescope has achieved a world-leading data output, with 28.07 million spectral data and 11.59 million stellar parameters published by October 2025 [3] Technological Advancements - The telescope's core technology, particularly the special wide-spectrum optical fibers, has been successfully localized, overcoming previous foreign monopolies [5] - It is equipped with 4,000 fiber positioning units, allowing simultaneous data collection from 4,000 celestial bodies, which is crucial for large-scale spectral surveys [5] Scientific Contributions - In the past year, data from the Guo Shoujing Telescope has led to the publication of 417 research papers, including significant articles in prestigious journals such as "Science" and "Nature" [6] - The telescope's data has been utilized by over 1,800 researchers from 300 global institutions, with approximately 170TB of data downloaded [7] Future Prospects - The Guo Shoujing Telescope is in a phase of high scientific productivity, contributing significantly to humanity's exploration of the universe [8] - The team is focused on continuous technological upgrades, achieving breakthroughs in key technologies and fostering the development of related domestic industries [9]

Core Viewpoint - The transformation of the Cold Lake area from an oil-rich region to a leading astronomical observation site highlights the potential of innovative resource utilization in response to resource depletion [1][2][3]. Group 1: Historical Context - Cold Lake, once the site of China's fourth-largest oil field, experienced a decline due to resource exhaustion, leading to a population decrease and infrastructure challenges [1][3]. - The region gained attention in the 1950s when significant oil production began, but by the 1990s, the oil workers had largely left as resources dwindled [2][3]. Group 2: Development of Astronomical Observations - The Cold Lake Astronomical Observation Base has become Asia's largest optical astronomy site, with the construction project initiated in July 2020 [1][2]. - The site was identified as having excellent observation conditions, with 70% of nights being clear, allowing for approximately 300 days of observation each year [3][4]. Group 3: Investment and Infrastructure - Since 2022, the Cold Lake World-Class Astronomical Observation Base has been included in Qinghai Province's top ten national science and technology innovation platforms, receiving annual funding of 10 million yuan [5]. - The region has attracted significant investment, with 30 billion yuan allocated for scientific equipment, and 12 organizations operating 45 telescopes at the site [6]. Group 4: Scientific Achievements - The "Mozi" telescope, operational since September 2023, has discovered over 4,200 supernovae and related transient sources, contributing to a significant database for astronomical research [6]. - Cold Lake has produced over 100 research papers and patents, with many findings at the international advanced level [6]. Group 5: Environmental Protection - The implementation of the "Cold Lake Astronomical Observation Environmental Protection Regulations" in 2023 aims to safeguard the dark night sky essential for astronomical observations [9]. - The regulations cover light source types and brightness, ensuring that outdoor lighting does not interfere with astronomical research [9][10]. Group 6: Future Prospects - The Cold Lake area is positioned to become a world-renowned astronomical site, fostering original scientific discoveries and enhancing humanity's understanding of the universe [10].

Group 1 - The article highlights that Venus, known as the "Morning Star," will be most visible in the eastern sky during the period from late July to early August, providing an excellent opportunity for public observation [1][6]. - Venus is the second planet from the Sun in the solar system and is typically the brightest celestial object after the Sun and the Moon, reaching a maximum brightness of -4.9 magnitude [2]. - During the period from late July to early August, Venus will reach its highest elevation in the sky at approximately 31 degrees, although its brightness will decrease to around -4.0 magnitude [6]. Group 2 - The article mentions that Venus will appear as the "Morning Star" in the eastern sky until the end of the year, with significant visibility during dawn [6][8]. - Observers are encouraged to find unobstructed views in the east to enjoy the sight of Venus, which will rise about two hours before sunrise during this peak observation period [6]. - The article notes that Venus exhibits phases similar to the Moon, and regular observations through a telescope can reveal noticeable changes in its shape [8].

Group 1 - The EAST telescope auxiliary monitoring system has been launched at the Qinghai Cold Lake astronomical observation research base, providing autonomous, all-weather, and high-altitude adaptable site environment monitoring for the EAST telescope construction [1] - The system focuses on key site parameter monitoring required for the construction of large aperture optical telescopes in the Tibetan Plateau, integrating subsystems for all-weather visibility monitoring, night sky brightness measurement, and atmospheric optical turbulence profile monitoring [1] - The monitoring system will enable astronomers to determine the most suitable observation targets and modes for the EAST telescope based on comprehensive monitoring information, and to adjust the telescope's mirror shape in real-time using adaptive optics technology to minimize atmospheric turbulence effects [1] Group 2 - The EAST telescope, led by Peking University, is expected to be completed by 2030 and will become the largest optical telescope in Asia, with the potential to achieve breakthroughs in fields such as the nature of dark matter, galaxy evolution history, and exoplanet searches [2]

Group 1 - The article discusses the upcoming celestial event where a crescent moon will meet Venus and the Pleiades star cluster, referred to as "star-moon dialogue" [1] - Venus will be visible as a bright morning star from late March until the end of the year, playing the role of "morning star" [1] - The event on June 22 will allow the public to observe the bright Venus alongside the crescent moon for nearly two hours, making it a worthwhile viewing opportunity [1] Group 2 - On June 23, the crescent moon will continue its journey to the vicinity of the Pleiades star cluster, which is one of the closest open star clusters to Earth and can be seen with the naked eye [2] - The visibility of the Pleiades star cluster is enhanced by the low brightness of the crescent moon, which will not interfere significantly with the observation [2] - Observers are encouraged to find locations with minimal light pollution, such as rural areas, to best view the Pleiades star cluster alongside the crescent moon [2]