对于如何进一步拓宽居民财产性收入渠道，专家学者主要强调发挥好资本市场的财富效应，同时推 动房地产市场企稳。今年以来，个人所得税收入同比增幅表现突出，市场机构普遍认为与资本市场表现 活跃有关。黄文涛建议，接下来应出台更多稳股市、稳楼市政策，稳定两个市场的预期，提升居民财产 性收入。 证券时报记者 贺觉渊 "消费的背后是收入，收入的背后是就业。"中央财经委员会办公室原副主任杨伟民曾表示，扩大消 费必须扩大就业。 根据中央经济工作会议部署，明年将实施稳岗扩容提质行动，稳定高校毕业生、农民工等重点群体 就业。人社部党组会议也明确，明年将多措并举稳定重点群体就业，全力稳住就业基本盘。"预计明年 稳岗扩岗专项贷款、财政贴息政策等有进一步政策空间。"中信建投证券首席经济学家黄文涛表示。 蔡昉指出，当前，技术变革、产业结构调整等因素导致就业岗位加速流失。人工智能（AI）可能 加剧劳动力市场两极化，影响青年和大龄劳动者就业，导致结构性失业、劳动参与率下降。他强调，改 善城乡收入差距需破解结构性就业矛盾，应加强人力资本培育，从教育入手。 "'十五五'规划一定会把提高受教育年限作为重要目标。"蔡昉建议，未来应延长义务或免费基础教 ...

Core Insights - The core discussion revolves around how AI is fundamentally changing the basic rules of economic operation, particularly in the context of uncertainty in the global economy [2][3]. Group 1: AI's Nature and Economic Impact - AI is currently more focused on "fitting" data rather than "understanding" it, highlighting a significant gap between machine learning and economics [4]. - The mathematical foundation of AI is rooted in economics and dynamic decision theory, indicating a long-term convergence of knowledge across disciplines [5]. - AI is reshaping the distribution of labor, capital, and market structures, acting as a transformative force in income distribution and competition [6][8]. Group 2: Historical Context and Methodological Differences - The historical evolution of scientific thought, from Ptolemy to Newton, illustrates the difference between descriptive models (curve fitting) and structural models (mechanism explanation) [11][14]. - AI's development is not a new phenomenon but rather an extension of mathematical and economic research into human decision-making [8][12]. - The distinction between fitting models and structural models is crucial, as many regression models merely fit relationships without explaining underlying mechanisms [14]. Group 3: Labor Market Dynamics - AI tends to complement high-skilled labor while substituting low-skilled labor, leading to a structural shift in labor market dynamics [15][28]. - The ongoing technological changes are resulting in a decline in labor's share of income while increasing capital's share [8][15]. Group 4: Education and Skill Development - The impact of AI on education is significant, with concerns that students may rely too heavily on AI tools, potentially undermining their learning [27][28]. - There is a call for a focus on foundational skills in mathematics and statistics, which are essential for understanding economic principles and decision-making [25][30].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of rural areas in understanding contemporary Chinese economic and social development, highlighting the research conducted by CICC Global Institute to analyze rural revitalization and income distribution changes in China [4][5]. Group 1: Research and Initiatives - CICC Global Institute has conducted extensive research across 23 provinces, 67 districts, and 218 towns, visiting over 330 villages to document changes in rural areas [4]. - The institute launched the "Field Dialogue" program to discuss rural revitalization, inviting experts to analyze challenges and pathways in rural development [5]. Group 2: Income Distribution Trends - Over the past decade, the overall income disparity in China has decreased, correlating with an aging population, as income differences among working-age individuals are larger compared to retirees [6]. - The social security system for the working-age population is currently inadequate, with limited support and coverage compared to the more robust system for retirees [7]. - China provides a relatively high level of support for retirees, with investment in retirement benefits exceeding GDP levels [8].