人工智能对就业的影响，是"十五五"期间就业工作面临的重大技术背景。 与会专家指出，人工智能技术对就业的关键作用不在于简单替代劳动，而在于通过数据驱动与算法优化 提高全要素生产率，并把劳动者从重复性任务中释放出来，使其更多转向工艺优化、质量管理、组织协 同与创新服务，即"增强人"而不是"代替人"。 与会专家认为，面向"十五五"，就业促进的核心命题正在从"应对冲击"转向"组织过渡"：以技术向善为 导向，在效率提升的同时稳定岗位转换预期；以教育重塑与终身技能体系提高适配效率；以统计与公共 服务创新提高治理精度与韧性。 "增强人"而不是"代替人" 针对"智能化是否挤出就业"的担忧，浙江工商大学经济学院院长牛志伟基于2004—2022年地级市面板数 据发现，一些领先企业在效率提升、能耗下降的同时，并未"挤出"就业，反而带动运维、系统集成与数 据分析等岗位增长。 实证结果显示，制造业智能化水平每提高1个标准差，可带来制造部门1%的就业增长，为服务业额外创 造0.064个百分点的就业机会。他建议完善职业技能培训体系、扩大劳动力"蓄水池"，并降低劳动力跨 部门跨区域流动障碍。 浙江大学文科资深教授李实提醒，随着人工智能技术的 ...

今年以来，党中央把稳就业摆在"四稳"首位，财政、货币、产业、就业政策协同发力，全力确保就业大 局基本稳定。要切实把稳就业摆在优先位置，实施好稳岗扩容提质行动，以最大努力抓好这个"最大的 民生"。 人力资源和社会保障部数据显示，1月至11月，全国城镇新增就业1210万人，提前完成年度目标任务； 城镇调查失业率平均值为5.2%，低于5.5%的调控目标。这份提前交卷的"成绩单"，彰显了就业优先政 策的有力有效，为兜牢民生底线、稳定社会大局提供了坚实支撑。 就业是最大的民生，稳住就业，就稳住了民生底线，稳住了发展信心。今年以来，党中央把稳就业摆 在"四稳"首位，财政、货币、产业、就业政策协同发力，打出减负稳岗扩就业的"组合拳"，全力确保就 业大局基本稳定。 在总体稳定的态势下，就业领域供强需弱的结构性矛盾依然突出。"供强"，体现在总量压力依然不减， 每年1000多万高校毕业生、近3亿农民工规模庞大，稳定就业存量、扩大就业增量面临较大挑战。"需 弱"，并非指岗位绝对数量不足，而是更多体现在高质量、稳定性强、与劳动者预期匹配的岗位增长未 能完全跟上供给的步伐。部分传统行业和中小企业受市场需求波动影响，扩岗意愿较为谨慎；而 ...

对于如何进一步拓宽居民财产性收入渠道，专家学者主要强调发挥好资本市场的财富效应，同时推 动房地产市场企稳。今年以来，个人所得税收入同比增幅表现突出，市场机构普遍认为与资本市场表现 活跃有关。黄文涛建议，接下来应出台更多稳股市、稳楼市政策，稳定两个市场的预期，提升居民财产 性收入。 证券时报记者 贺觉渊 "消费的背后是收入，收入的背后是就业。"中央财经委员会办公室原副主任杨伟民曾表示，扩大消 费必须扩大就业。 根据中央经济工作会议部署，明年将实施稳岗扩容提质行动，稳定高校毕业生、农民工等重点群体 就业。人社部党组会议也明确，明年将多措并举稳定重点群体就业，全力稳住就业基本盘。"预计明年 稳岗扩岗专项贷款、财政贴息政策等有进一步政策空间。"中信建投证券首席经济学家黄文涛表示。 蔡昉指出，当前，技术变革、产业结构调整等因素导致就业岗位加速流失。人工智能（AI）可能 加剧劳动力市场两极化，影响青年和大龄劳动者就业，导致结构性失业、劳动参与率下降。他强调，改 善城乡收入差距需破解结构性就业矛盾，应加强人力资本培育，从教育入手。 "'十五五'规划一定会把提高受教育年限作为重要目标。"蔡昉建议，未来应延长义务或免费基础教 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the "Alignment Problem" in AI, emphasizing the need to ensure AI systems align with human values and intentions, particularly in the context of labor market impacts and the necessity for proactive measures to address potential inequalities [2][3]. Group 1: AI and Labor Market Dynamics - AI is expected to exacerbate structural employment contradictions, necessitating effective policy responses to address these challenges [3]. - The relationship between AI development and employment must be managed carefully, focusing on complementarity between human capital and AI skills rather than competition [2]. - The "Solow Paradox" is referenced, highlighting the potential for AI to improve productivity without immediate visible benefits, suggesting that the distribution of productivity gains may not be equitable [5][6]. Group 2: Employment Characteristics and Challenges - The current labor market is characterized by three main features: new employment forms, localized labor mobility, and age-related disparities in the workforce [12]. - The rise of new employment forms may lead to increased informal employment, which poses risks to social security and worker rights [12]. - Labor mobility is decreasing, with workers increasingly remaining in local areas, which could hinder productivity improvements and wage growth [13]. Group 3: Policy Recommendations and Future Directions - Proactive measures are needed at various stages (preemptive, during, and post-implementation) to address the alignment of AI with employment priorities [7][14]. - Education and vocational training must evolve to meet the demands of the AI era, promoting lifelong learning and adaptability in the workforce [14]. - The importance of sharing productivity gains through reforms and social safety nets is emphasized to ensure equitable benefits from AI advancements [8][15].

2026届河南省高校毕业生金秋校园招聘月活动现场。 受访者供图 核心提示 就业，一头连着千家万户，一头系着社会稳定。党的二十届四中全会提出，要切实抓好民生保障，多渠道挖 掘潜力，加强稳岗促就业工作，促进重点群体稳定就业。 就业是民生之本、稳定之基。深入贯彻落实党的二十届四中全会精神，省委十一届十次全会要求，着力保障 和改善民生，扎实推进共同富裕。面对这道民生"必答题"，河南如何以稳定岗位托起千家万户"稳稳的幸 福"？ 记者日前邀请河南省教育厅、河南省人力资源和社会保障厅相关负责人及高校、专家代表，解码河南稳就业 的实践之路。 主持人 ●记者 樊雪婧 访谈嘉宾 韩喜明：我省坚定贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，实施就业优先战略，强化就业优先政策，健全就 业促进机制，有效应对各种压力挑战，就业规模持续扩大，重点群体就业保障有力，创业带动就业成效显 著，广大劳动者的获得感幸福感安全感不断增强。预计到2025年年底，全省城镇新增就业累计超过580万人， 主要就业目标指标均能达到设定目标，为"十四五"全省经济社会高质量发展提供有力支撑。 在高校毕业生等重点群体就业方面，"十四五"期间，我省实施高校毕业生就业"422020 ...

就业是民生之本，更是经济发展的"晴雨表"、社会稳定的"压舱石"，关系到千家万户的幸福安宁。但帮助每一位劳动力都能找到最适合他的就业岗位，实现 高质量就业，却并不是一件简单的事情。在广西南宁，总台记者聚焦重点人群就业问题，跑市场、看培训、问政府，展开了一系列调研。 在广西南宁的一家职业技能培训机构，正在学习高级电工课程的，有年近五旬的大叔，大学毕业10年的外卖小哥，还有一位女学员……他们面临共同的就业 难题。 49岁的陆振勇是这个培训班年纪最大的学员，过去从事通讯布线等弱电相关工作，已经一年多没找到工作了。对于大龄失业的他来说，通过培训学习拿到高 级电工资格证可能是重新就业必须跨过的一道门槛。 大学就专业学习电气工程、电子信息工程技术的宋金银，当初没有选择和本专业相关的工作，而是当了10年的外卖小哥。如今年龄越来越大，他也开始重新 规划职业生涯。 在这个培训班里，很多学员都面临类似的就业困境，不是找不到工作，而是找不到体面、稳定、高薪、有专业发展前景的工作，瓶颈可能来自年龄、体力、 学历和专业技能，也可能是家庭的需求和对社会发展变化的不适应。 有为政府+有效市场 打造"有温度"就业平台 据调查，岗位和劳动力双向 ...

Core Viewpoint - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes addressing structural employment contradictions, particularly the mismatch between labor supply and demand, characterized by the phenomenon of "some people have no work, while some jobs have no applicants" [2][4]. Group 1: Employment Structure and Challenges - The main contradiction in the employment sector is the mismatch of human resources supply and demand, which is a pressing issue in the current and future periods [2]. - The need for a modernized human resource framework is highlighted, focusing on enhancing employment and recruitment concepts through public education and awareness campaigns [3][4]. Group 2: Education and Training - There is a call for proactive alignment of educational programs with technological advancements and national strategic needs, including dynamic adjustments to higher education disciplines and resource allocation [4]. - The development of modern vocational education is crucial, with an emphasis on improving vocational school capabilities and integrating vocational and academic education [4]. Group 3: Employment Support and Public Services - The plan aims to enhance employment support systems, particularly for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, and veterans, ensuring stability in the employment landscape [6]. - A comprehensive employment public service system is to be established, focusing on accessibility, equality, and professionalism in employment services [6]. - The establishment of a unified and standardized human resources market system is essential to create a fair and orderly employment environment, addressing issues like job fraud and improving the matching quality between job seekers and employers [6].

人社部人力资源流动管理司负责人表示，下一步将结合国家和区域重大发展战略，把人力资源服务业与 制造业融合发展纳入"十五五"经济社会发展规划，通过加强顶层设计、强化政策支持、创新供给方式， 统筹谋划推动试点任务落到实处、取得实效。 "十五五"时期，我国经济长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有改变，为稳定就业提供了坚实基础，但就 业总量压力依然存在，结构性就业矛盾更为突出，外部环境变化也将带来新情况新问题。在此背景下， 《建议》明确提出，深入实施就业优先战略，健全就业促进机制，构建就业友好型发展方式。 首都经济贸易大学中国新就业形态研究中心主任张成刚表示："构建就业友好型社会，应把产业结构优 化升级作为创造高质量岗位的核心抓手。"他建议，依托数字平台和"AI+就业"降低就业摩擦，提升服务 业就业吸纳能力；通过大规模职业教育和技能培训提升就业质量、应对技术变革；把完善就业服务体系 作为重点群体就业保障的重要支撑，将优化劳动者权益保障与就业生态作为就业友好的制度性抓手。 为打造更利于就业的发展模式，相关部门将进一步加强产业发展和就业工作的协同配合，支持企业稳定 现有岗位、扩大招聘规模；在数字经济、高端制造、现代服务等领域培 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the significant population transition in China during the reform and opening-up period, which has led to notable demographic dividends and challenges, particularly aging and the unique phenomenon of "getting old before getting rich" [1][5][6] - The main employment contradiction in China has shifted from a total quantity issue to a structural one, influenced by both labor supply and demand factors, including a slowdown in the growth of the working-age population and rapid technological advancements [1][9] - The article emphasizes the need for a theoretical framework that aligns with China's national conditions to address the urgent and long-term challenges posed by employment contradictions, particularly in the context of artificial intelligence [2][4] Group 2 - The article outlines the evolution of employment contradictions in China, highlighting the transition from a surplus labor supply to structural employment issues, particularly in the context of technological changes and demographic shifts [4][5][10] - It identifies key factors contributing to structural employment contradictions, including technological changes, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and systemic barriers in labor market allocation [10][12] - The article discusses the role of the household registration system (hukou) as a fundamental factor causing structural employment contradictions, affecting access to public services and job opportunities for migrant workers and other disadvantaged groups [14][18][19] Group 3 - The article presents data indicating that the proportion of non-local registered residents in urban areas is significant, with 37.6% of the urban population lacking local hukou, which exacerbates employment challenges [14][16] - It highlights the increasing trend of informal employment in urban areas, with the non-formal employment index rising from 49.8% in 2000 to 65.2% in 2023, indicating a growing issue of job insecurity and inequality [21][23] - The article suggests that the structural employment contradictions are self-reinforcing, making it difficult to address these issues effectively, particularly for marginalized groups facing systemic barriers [19][24] Group 4 - The article discusses the impact of artificial intelligence on employment, noting that the rapid advancement of technology may lead to unprecedented job displacement and changes in labor market dynamics [30][33] - It emphasizes the need for policy adjustments to guide the development of artificial intelligence in a way that creates productive jobs rather than exacerbating income inequality [46][47] - The article concludes that understanding the relationship between technological change and labor market outcomes is crucial for formulating effective employment policies in the face of rapid technological advancements [49][51]

Core Insights - The 2026 Shanghai University Graduates Autumn Campus Recruitment Fair was held, featuring over 1,000 employers offering 35,000 job opportunities across key industries such as integrated circuits, biomedicine, and artificial intelligence [1] - Shanghai is expected to have 258,000 university graduates next year, including 91,000 postgraduates, 113,000 undergraduates, and 54,000 vocational students [1] - A mechanism linking demand, enrollment, training, employment, and monitoring has been established in Shanghai to conduct comprehensive and long-term research on graduate employment status [1] Group 1 - The recruitment fair aims to address structural employment issues and enhance students' skill sets through pre-employment training systems [1] - The "Shanghai University Graduate Tracking Survey Sub-center" was established to support employment services for graduates [1] - Employers awarded certificates to representatives of 2025 Shanghai university graduates at the event, highlighting the importance of practical training [1]