2024年中央经济工作会议首次提出"着力实现增长稳、就业稳和物价合理回升"，2025年年末的中央经济工作会 议再次提出"把促进经济稳定增长、物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考量"。可见，让物价合理回升已经成为 一项重要的政策目标。那么，如何才能让物价合理回升，难点在哪里？本文就此话题展开讨论。 此轮物价低迷周期始于2012年 通胀是经济发展中的常态，因为货币规模总是不断膨胀。但经济体偶然也会出现通缩，通缩通常是经济结构的 扭曲导致的，如商品供需结构、居民收入结构等。2022年以来，我国PPI步入负值区间且无明显的回升迹象， CPI也在0-1%之间徘徊，这就引发了大家的关注。 实际上， 从2012年5月份开始，我国的PPI走势与欧美就发生了分野， 即我国开始步入负值区间，欧美则维持 正增长。而且，我国这轮PPI步入负值区间时间长达4年零5个月，到2016年10月才回正。 为何会PPI为负能那么长时间呢？首先是2011年全球大宗商品价格出现历史性的大拐点，随后黄金等贵金属价 格也出现了大幅回落。其次是我国为应对美国次贷危机扩散对中国经济造成的冲击，2009年出台了为期两年的 大规模基建投资刺激政策，这项政策的传导效 ...

编者按 2024年中央经济工作会议首次提出"着力实现增长稳、就业稳和物价合理回升"，2025年年末的中央 经济工作会议再次提出"把促进经济稳定增长、物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考量"。可见，让物 价合理回升已经成为一项重要的政策目标。那么，如何才能让物价合理回升，难点在哪里？本文就此 话题展开讨论。 —— BY 李迅雷金融与投资 以下，祝开卷有得。 提示：本公众号所发布的内容仅供参考，不构成任何投资建议和销售要约。如您对重阳产品感兴趣，欢 迎 扫码 咨询。 图文来源/ 微信公众号【李迅雷金融与投资 】 作者/李迅雷金融与投资， 本图文已获得转载授权。 如需转载请联系原作者， 文章仅代表作者个人独立观 点。 此轮物价低迷周期始于2012年 通胀是经济发展中的常态，因为货币规模总是不断膨胀。但经济体偶然也会出现通缩，通缩通常是经 济结构的扭曲导致的，如商品供需结构、居民收入结构等。2022年以来，我国PPI步入负值区间且无 明显的回升迹象，CPI也在0-1%之间徘徊，这就引发了大家的关注。 实际上， 从2012年5月份开始，我国的PPI走势与欧美就发生了分野 ，即我国开始步入负值区间， 欧美则维持正增长。而且， ...

来源：余丰慧 通胀粘性下的创投策略，需遵循"抗通胀+现金流"双重逻辑。医疗保健、必需消费品等赛道的初创企业，凭借稳定需求表现出强抗通胀属性——2025年Q4该 领域早期融资额逆势增长8%（Crunchbase，2025年12月），印证了这一逻辑。而从现金流角度，那些依赖烧钱换增长的企业将面临严峻考验，美联储"数据 依赖"的政策导向（第一财经，2025年12月10日），意味着低成本融资窗口将持续收窄，企业必须在12-18个月内实现现金流平衡，否则将面临资金链断裂风 险。 劳动力市场波动则倒逼创投赛道转向"效率驱动"。在就业市场供需紧平衡下（惠誉国际，2025年1月10日），依赖大量人力的商业模式已失去竞争力。反 之，人工智能、自动化等提升生产效率的赛道迎来机遇，2025年相关领域创投金额同比增长42%（麦肯锡全球研究院，2025年11月）。这一趋势本质是索洛 模型中技术进步对经济增长的核心驱动作用，也为创业者指明了方向：只有能降低人力成本、提升行业效率的项目，才能在政策波动中获得资本青睐。 当美联储2025年12月如期降息25个基点，三张反对票却撕裂了市场共识。通胀与就业的天平博弈，不仅决定着2026年仅一次降 ...

Group 1: Market Overview - The Shanghai Composite Index closed at 3900, with a slight decline of 0.23% over one day and a decrease of 2.94% over five days, while showing a modest increase of 0.58% over one month [1] - The Shenzhen Composite Index closed at 2492, reflecting a daily increase of 0.26%, a five-day decline of 1.47%, and a one-month increase of 2.11% [1] Group 2: Sector Performance - The real estate services sector showed the highest daily increase of 3.6%, with a one-month increase of 1.55% and a six-month increase of 3.23% [1] - The education sector increased by 3.43% daily, with a one-month increase of 3.26% and a six-month increase of 5.97% [1] - The computer equipment sector experienced the largest decline, dropping by 2.06% daily and 5.01% over one month, while showing an 18.09% increase over six months [1] Group 3: Federal Reserve Insights - The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting on December 10 resulted in a 25 basis point rate cut to a range of 3.50-3.75%, alongside the announcement of short-term Treasury purchases [2][9] - The GDP growth forecast was revised upward, while the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) inflation forecast was revised downward, indicating a shift in economic outlook [2][9] - The FOMC's decision-making is expected to return to a "data-dependent" approach, with future rate cuts becoming more challenging [3][9] Group 4: Company Analysis - Heng Er Da (恒而达) - Heng Er Da's revenue is projected to grow from 312 million to 585 million yuan from 2017 to 2024, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.38% [13] - The company is actively pursuing strategic acquisitions, including the purchase of a top German grinding machine company, to enhance its capabilities in high-precision threading [13] - The linear guide rail business has shown rapid growth, with revenue expected to increase significantly from 4.44 million yuan in 2022 to 34.91 million yuan in 2024 [13]

来源：坦途宏观 一句话点评：降息25bps本身符合预期，但点阵图和记者会信息比市场预期更鸽。这种鸽体现在三方 面。一是市场担心的"鹰派点阵图"（比如26年不降息）没有出现，点阵图显著上调2026-2027年的经济 增长预期，下调通胀预期且维持每年降息1次的预期不变，呈现金发姑娘情景。二是记者会比预想更 鸽，鲍威尔仿佛回归8月Jackson Hole会议，多次强调就业市场的恶化风险，淡化通胀上行风险。三是12 月12号开始技术性扩表（RMP），初始购买金额是单月400亿，量和时点都略超预期。 一、对FOMC的5点评述 1、降息25bps的理由和分歧？ 记者会中，鲍威尔明确表示就业市场的软化，以及通胀的"如期回落"，是在缺乏数据下进一步降息 25bps（而非等到明年1月）的理由。 但分歧也进一步增加。相较于9月的两票反对（Miran建议降息50bps，Schmid建议不降息），本次会议 上有3个反对票，其中Miran支持50bps，Schmid和Goolsbee建议不降息。特别的，本次会议还出现了4 票"软反对"，即点阵图中预测2025年只有2次降息（相当于本月不应该降息）但并没有体现在投票上的 人。其中可能包括 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of integrating "promoting employment, increasing income, and stabilizing expectations" as an inseparable whole, requiring a comprehensive approach to address these areas effectively [4]. Group 1: Five Combinations for a New Macroeconomic Paradigm - The first combination is between addressing cyclical shocks and maintaining long-term growth, suggesting that both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends should be analyzed together [5]. - The second combination involves integrating supply-side potential growth capabilities with demand-side driving forces, highlighting the need to consider both supply and demand factors in macroeconomic analysis [5]. - The third combination focuses on the integration of primary income distribution and redistribution, indicating that both areas require attention to reduce income disparities [5]. - The fourth combination stresses the need to combine "investment in physical assets" with "investment in human capital," recognizing the dual role of human investment in enhancing welfare and driving economic growth [6]. - The fifth combination advocates for the use of various policy tools in a coordinated manner, ensuring that different macroeconomic, social, and labor market policies work together effectively [7]. Group 2: Structural Focus on Employment - The article highlights the current structural changes in the employment landscape, noting a significant shift towards new employment forms such as gig economy and platform jobs, which now account for over 60% of urban employment [10][11]. - It discusses the "involution" of labor mobility, where the flow of labor is stagnating and becoming localized, leading to reduced productivity growth [12][13]. - The article identifies the "age duality" in employment challenges, focusing on the difficulties faced by both young job seekers and older workers, necessitating a comprehensive lifelong training system [14]. Group 3: Increasing Income - The article outlines the dual goals of increasing income: raising per capita income levels and improving income distribution structures, while acknowledging the natural deceleration of income growth [15]. - It points out the need for strong policy interventions to prevent widening income disparities, particularly in urban areas, despite improvements in rural income [16]. - The article emphasizes the potential for enhancing income redistribution through tax reforms and expanding social security systems to achieve more equitable income distribution [16]. Group 4: Stabilizing Expectations - The article asserts that stabilizing expectations hinges on institutional development, addressing uncertainties caused by technological impacts on employment and the challenges of an aging population [18]. - It suggests that while productivity growth can outpace aging population challenges, establishing a fair system for sharing productivity gains is crucial for stabilizing expectations [19].

Group 1: Real Estate Cycle - The long-term upward cycle of real estate from 2000 to 2020 led to a belief that housing prices would not decline, but this notion has been challenged as prices have started to fall [2][3] - The average rental yield in core cities of China is estimated to be around 2%, indicating a high price-to-earnings ratio of 50 times, suggesting that prices may need to adjust to a more sustainable level [3] - Real estate development investment in China has decreased by 14.7% year-on-year in the first ten months of the year, indicating a potential acceleration in the downward trend [3][6] Group 2: Economic Impact of Real Estate - The decline in the real estate sector is expected to continue affecting the overall economy, with private investment growth dropping by 4.5% year-on-year, even excluding real estate investments [3][6] - The real estate downturn is also negatively impacting financial sectors such as banking and trust, although state-owned enterprises are providing some stability [3][6] Group 3: Export Trends - China's exports have shown resilience, with a 5.3% increase in the first ten months of the year, despite concerns about negative growth earlier in the year [7][10] - However, the export growth rate is expected to slow down in the coming year due to the diminishing "import grabbing" effect from the U.S. and high base effects from previous years [10] Group 4: Consumer Spending - Consumer spending is projected to contribute more than half of GDP growth this year, as capital formation's contribution declines [11][14] - The consumption growth has shown a pattern of being high in the first half of the year and lower in the second half, influenced by previous stimulus measures [14][17] Group 5: Fiscal and Monetary Policy - The fiscal policy for 2026 is expected to be more aggressive, with a projected increase in the general deficit from approximately 11.9 trillion yuan to 13.2 trillion yuan [26][28] - Interest rates may be lowered by 10-20 basis points in 2026, but this poses challenges for banks' net interest margins [29][35] Group 6: Stock Market Dynamics - The stock market has faced resistance around the 4000-point mark, with valuation increases rather than profit growth driving recent performance [39][41] - For a sustained bull market, corporate profits must grow faster than GDP, which has not been the case recently [41][44] Group 7: Future Outlook - The GDP growth target for 2026 is estimated to remain around 5%, but achieving this will depend on various uncertain factors, including growth rates and exchange rates [24][25] - The real estate sector's ongoing challenges and the need for structural reforms in fiscal and monetary policies are critical for future economic stability [28][48]

Core Viewpoint - The article critiques Ray Dalio's understanding of sovereign debt issues, arguing that his microeconomic principles do not apply to sovereign currency nations [3][4][10]. Group 1: Critique of Dalio's Views - The first main point is that microeconomic principles are not applicable to sovereign currency nations, as governments can create their own currency and do not face the same constraints as individuals or companies [3][4]. - The second point is that macroeconomics is not a machine; it is influenced by changing environments and expectations, making it inappropriate to apply a one-size-fits-all approach to economic policy [7][10]. Group 2: Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) Discussion - The article suggests that the arguments presented align closely with Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), which has gained traction in Eastern economic discussions, contrasting with its perception in the West [10][12]. - It emphasizes that the government's ability to spend is not limited by money supply but by real resources, advocating for increased deficits in the context of insufficient domestic demand and excess capacity [13][12]. Group 3: Practical Implications - The article argues for a pragmatic approach to economic theory, suggesting that useful ideas from MMT should be adopted regardless of their traditional classification as heretical [14][15]. - It highlights a global shift towards practical, results-oriented economic thinking, moving away from rigid adherence to Western economic doctrines [15].

分组1 - The Federal Reserve's decision-making process is influenced by a wide dispersion of views among its members, indicating confusion about the current state of the US economy [2][4][3] - The consensus within the Federal Reserve remains strong, with only one dissenting vote, suggesting a unified approach despite individual ambitions for leadership positions [5][6] - The Phillips curve framework is being utilized by the Fed, indicating that rising unemployment may lead to lower wage inflation and consumer inflation, allowing for potential rate cuts [7][8] 分组2 - Productivity is expected to rise, which could support higher profit margins and a bullish outlook for equity markets, as higher productivity correlates with growth [9][10] - Small-cap stocks are showing significant movement, with the SML small cap 600 index up 2%, indicating that domestic companies may benefit later in the rate cut cycle [12] - The bond market remains relatively stable, with the 10-year yield at 4%, suggesting limited immediate relief for mortgage rates despite expectations of easing from the Federal Reserve [13][14]

Group 1: Macroeconomic and Monetary Policy Stance - The core viewpoint of Powell's speech indicates a shift to a "neutral dovish" stance compared to the previous "neutral hawkish" position, highlighting a fragile balance in the labor market with rising risks of job losses [3][9][77] - Economic growth is slowing, with the actual GDP growth rate for the first half of 2025 at 1.2%, half of that in 2024, primarily due to a slowdown in consumer spending [10][11] - The labor market shows a significant decline in job creation, with an average of only 35,000 jobs added per month over the past three months, down from 168,000 in 2024, indicating a weakening supply-demand balance [10][11] Group 2: Long-term Monetary Policy Framework - Powell introduced a revised long-term monetary policy framework, reaffirming a 2% inflation target and a broad maximum employment goal, marking a return to a more traditional approach [4][22][78] - The 2025 statement serves as a retrospective confirmation of the Fed's monetary policy strategy, emphasizing the need to balance inflation and employment amid the current "stagflation" challenges [4][25][78] Group 3: Interest Rate Cut Expectations and Risks - Following Powell's speech, expectations for a rate cut in September surged, with implied probabilities rising from 72% to 94%, and the anticipated number of cuts for 2025 increasing from 1.9 to 2.2 times [5][31][79] - The key to whether the September rate cut materializes lies not in Powell's statements but in the upcoming non-farm payroll report and inflation data [42][79] - The anticipated macroeconomic scenario for 2026 suggests persistent inflation and a stabilizing economy, with potential risks of rising long-term Treasury yields and a reversal in the dollar's value [53][79]