Group 1 - The core argument of the article is that the global economic power dynamics have shifted from the G8 countries to a more multipolar world, with emerging economies like China and India playing significant roles [1][6][10] - The G8's share of the global economy decreased from 47% in 2000 to 34.7% in 2018, indicating a decline in their influence over global governance [1][6] - China's economic growth has been a major driver of this shift, with its share of the global economy rising from 6.9% in 2000 to 16.8% in 2018, contributing significantly to the G8's decline [8][10] Group 2 - The article discusses the historical context of the G8 and its predecessor, the Eight-Nation Alliance, highlighting their dominance in global affairs over the past century [3][4][5] - It emphasizes that the transition from G8 to G20 reflects a fundamental change in global governance, where emerging economies are now included in decision-making processes [6][10] - The article notes that the U.S. has historically been the dominant economic power, but China's rise has altered this landscape, leading to a need for new forms of international cooperation [8][11] Group 3 - The article outlines the implications of China's economic growth for global trade, stating that China is now the world's largest trading nation and a key partner for over 140 countries [13] - It highlights the potential for China to achieve a per capita GDP equal to half of the U.S. by 2049, which could stabilize global relations and enhance China's position as a major economic power [14][21] - The discussion includes the challenges and opportunities presented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, where China is positioned to leverage its large market and talent pool [19][20]

来源：北京大学国家发展研究院 历经2025年11月3日至28日公示，北京大学新结构经济学研究院院长、国发院名誉院长林毅夫教授主编的《中国经济专题》荣获第二届全国教材建设奖 （高等教育类）一等奖。全国教材建设奖是我国教材领域的最高奖项，每四年评选一次，旨在表彰代表我国教材建设最新成果和水平的优秀教材及其编写 者。本届评选经过出版单位申报、地方初评推荐、国家初审、地方公示、国家复审等严格程序，最终确定拟奖励名单，其权威性与公正性备受各界瞩目。 | 序号 | | 获奖教材 | 对应版次 | 标准书号 | 主要遣 用花圈 | 主要编者 | | 因内主要编者所在单位 | 出版单位 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | 马克思主义哲学原理 | | 第6版 · 数字数材 版 | 9787300318578 | 本科生 | 陈先达,杨爵 | 中国人民大学 | | 中国人民大学出版社: | | 2 | 政治经济学 | | 第6版 | 9787550456648 | 本科生 | 主编:刘诗白 后主编:刘灿,丁任重,李淳,盖凯程 | ...

Core Viewpoint - The speech by Professor Lin Yifu at the Fudan Chief Economist Forum highlights the potential economic challenges faced by developed countries, particularly the U.S., and emphasizes the need for China to focus on its own development to counter external pressures [1][5][12]. Group 1: Economic Outlook - Developed countries are likely to experience a "lost 20 years" since the 2008 financial crisis, with the U.S. GDP growth rate declining from an average of 3.3% (1960-2008) to 2.1% (2008-2024) [5][7]. - The Eurozone's average growth rate has dropped from 3.1% (1960-2008) to 1.1% (2008-2024), indicating a significant slowdown [5][6]. - The U.S. stock market, exemplified by the Dow Jones index reaching over 46,000 points, suggests a potential bubble similar to the 2000 internet bubble and the 2008 housing market crash [10][11]. Group 2: U.S.-China Relations - The U.S. is likely to continue its strategy of suppressing China's growth due to its perception of China as a rising threat, particularly as China's GDP approaches that of the U.S. [12][13]. - The U.S. may reconsider its stance when China's per capita GDP reaches half of that of the U.S., which would signify a significant shift in economic power [13][14]. Group 3: China's Economic Potential - China has the potential for an 8% economic growth rate before 2035, driven by its "latecomer advantage" and the opportunities presented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution [18][19]. - The current per capita GDP of China is approximately one-fourth of that of the U.S., indicating a substantial room for growth [16][18]. Group 4: Factors Affecting Growth - The decline in China's actual growth rate is attributed to external pressures from the U.S. and a lack of economic confidence, rather than internal systemic issues [21][22]. - Misconceptions about the causes of economic slowdown, such as the belief that state-owned enterprises are crowding out private enterprises, need to be addressed to restore confidence [22][24]. Group 5: Policy Recommendations - To achieve faster economic growth, China should adopt more aggressive monetary and fiscal policies, breaking away from traditional theoretical constraints that limit such actions [28][29]. - Historical examples demonstrate that proactive fiscal policies can effectively stimulate economic growth and should be leveraged to address current challenges [33].

Core Viewpoint - The development of Chinese-style new think tanks has significantly progressed over the past decade, providing strong intellectual support for high-quality development and new productivity cultivation [1][2]. Group 1: Development and Achievements - The construction of Chinese-style new think tanks has seen remarkable achievements in local innovation practices, institutional reforms, and significant consulting results, leading to both quantitative and qualitative growth [2]. - Think tanks are increasingly recognized as important carriers of national soft power and factors in international competitiveness [1]. Group 2: Future Directions and Challenges - There is a need for think tanks to enhance their theoretical innovation, policy research, and strategic planning capabilities to meet the higher demands of the current era of Chinese-style modernization [2]. - The focus is on deepening institutional reforms and exploring transformation paths to align with national strategies and real governance needs [2][3]. Group 3: Global Influence and Evaluation - Chinese-style new think tanks aim to enhance their global influence and accelerate their "going out" strategy, providing valuable references for other countries, especially developing nations [3]. - A robust evaluation system for think tanks is essential for measuring outcomes, guiding development directions, optimizing resource allocation, and improving research quality [3][4]. Group 4: Collaborative Efforts and Innovations - There is a call for consensus on building a scientific evaluation system and enhancing external communication capabilities to create a world-class think tank cluster that matches China's status as a major power [4]. - Continuous innovation and reform in institutional mechanisms are necessary, along with the integration of technology into think tank research paradigms [4].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the New Structural Economics Research Center at Fuzhou University and the keynote speech by Professor Lin Yifu highlight the need for innovative economic theories that address the profound changes in the global political and economic landscape, particularly for developing countries [1][5]. Group 1: Event Overview - The establishment ceremony of the New Structural Economics Research Center and the 707th Jiaxi Forum took place at Fuzhou University, attended by over 500 participants including government officials, academicians, and students [1]. - The event was co-hosted by Fuzhou University Library, the School of Economics and Management, and the Academic Affairs Office [1]. Group 2: Keynote Insights - Professor Lin Yifu analyzed the deep implications of the "unprecedented changes in a century," emphasizing that traditional Western theories are insufficient for the development practices of developing countries [5]. - He elaborated on the New Structural Economics as a system of independent theoretical innovation, focusing on factor endowment structures and the endogenous nature of economic structures [5]. - Lin stressed the importance of the synergy between "effective markets" and "proactive governments" in promoting high-quality economic development [5]. - He proposed that China should leverage its comparative advantages by combining the latecomer advantages of traditional industries with the innovative opportunities of the digital economy to drive industrial upgrading and high-quality development [5]. Group 3: Academic and Cultural Impact - The Jiaxi Forum provided a valuable opportunity for students and faculty to engage directly with top scholars, enhancing academic perspectives and fostering theoretical confidence and cultural awareness [11]. - The event is seen as significant for promoting campus cultural development and academic discipline growth [11].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of viewing China-Africa cooperation and African development from a long-term and strategic perspective, highlighting the role of New Structural Economics in fostering development in African countries [3][4][12]. Group 1: New Structural Economics - New Structural Economics is based on the experiences of China and other developing countries, aiming to provide a theoretical framework suitable for the development and prosperity of developing nations [3][5]. - The theory suggests that rapid development and poverty alleviation can be achieved by leveraging a country's factor endowments and comparative advantages within a market economy, supported by effective government intervention [5][7]. - The establishment of the South-South Cooperation and Development Academy at Peking University has trained approximately 210 African officials, focusing on issues relevant to their countries' development [6]. Group 2: China-Africa Cooperation Projects - Since 2013, China has participated in the construction of over 6,000 kilometers of railways and roads, along with more than 80 large-scale power facilities in Africa, significantly contributing to the economic and social development of the region [9][10]. - As of the end of 2023, China's direct investment stock in Africa exceeded $40 billion, making it one of the largest foreign investors in the continent, creating over 1.1 million jobs in the past three years [10][11]. Group 3: Impact of Chinese Financing - A report from the New Structural Economics Research Institute indicates that a 1% increase in Chinese loans contributes at least 0.176% to African economic growth, enhancing infrastructure, exports, and foreign direct investment [11]. - The report highlights that Chinese financing has improved local education and employment, thereby enhancing human capital in Africa [11]. Group 4: Future Opportunities and Challenges - The cooperation between China and Africa is expected to focus on renewable energy, with an emphasis on green development projects to address climate change while meeting local energy demands [12][13]. - Challenges include weak economic foundations in some African countries, insufficient infrastructure, and the need for improved investment environments to attract foreign capital [13][14][15].

Core Points - The 52nd Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) conference will be held in Istanbul, Turkey from July 3-5, 2025, where Professor Lin Yifu from Peking University will receive the EBES Fellow Award for his outstanding contributions in development economics, agricultural economics, and economic transformation research, marking the first time this award is given to a Chinese scholar in its ten-year history [1][2] - The EBES, established in 2008, is an international academic organization aimed at promoting research in economics and business, with over 2,500 members from more than 80 countries, including academia, government, business, and non-profit sectors [1] - The EBES Fellow Award, established in 2015, is the highest honor of the society, awarded annually to a scholar who has made lifelong outstanding contributions in economics and business research, selected based on rigorous academic achievements [2] Summary of Lin Yifu's Speech - During the conference, Lin Yifu delivered a keynote speech titled "What Drives Development Success? New Institutional Economics Meets New Structural Economics," comparing the perspectives of new institutional economics and new structural economics [5] - Lin criticized the institutional hypothesis proposed by Nobel laureates Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson, stating it failed empirical testing and had issues with empirical data and historical evidence [5] - From the perspective of new structural economics, the success or failure of a country's development hinges on whether its government chooses a development strategy that aligns with its endowment structure and comparative advantage [5] - The hypothesis of new structural economics is supported by empirical testing of cross-country data from 1960 to 2023, suggesting that every country has the opportunity for dynamic growth if it can identify and strengthen its advantageous industries with government support [5]

Group 1 - The article highlights the significant influence of China's top economists on both domestic and global economic landscapes, emphasizing their academic depth and practical experience [1][19] - Lin Yifu's new structural economics provides a framework for developing countries to choose suitable industries and technologies based on their factor endowments, which has been applied in Southeast Asia for rapid economic growth [1] - Zhang Wuchang's research on economic institutions and property rights has shaped the understanding of market economy operations, particularly influencing China's state-owned enterprise reforms [3] - Li Yining's non-equilibrium economic theory has been pivotal in explaining China's economic phenomena and has laid the theoretical groundwork for the market-oriented transformation of state-owned enterprises [5] - Wu Jinglian's advocacy for market economy principles and price reforms has been crucial in establishing China's market economy system [7] Group 2 - Du Shuai emphasizes the importance of investing in technology and healthcare as future economic growth engines, advocating for financial innovation to support real economic development [9] - Fan Gang's work in macroeconomic regulation combines Western economic theories with China's realities, offering policy suggestions for inflation and recession management [10] - Zhang Weiying's research on enterprise theory and property rights has provided essential support for the reform of state-owned enterprises in China [12] - Lang Xianping's extensive academic contributions and governance research have positioned him as a leading figure in corporate governance discussions [14] - He Fan's research on macroeconomics and international trade has provided valuable insights for government policy-making and corporate strategies in response to global economic challenges [16][17] - Li Daokui's exploration of government-market relationships offers new perspectives on economic development and local government policy formulation [16]

Group 1 - The article highlights the resilience and vitality of the Chinese economy in 2025, driven by the insights of ten influential economists who are reshaping China's economic landscape [1][17]. - Lin Yifu's new structural economics emphasizes selecting suitable industries and technologies based on a country's factor endowment structure, which has significantly contributed to China's economic transformation and investment attraction [1]. - Zhang Wuchang's research on economic institutions and property rights has provided profound theoretical guidance for China's economic system reform and market economy improvement [3]. - Li Yining's non-equilibrium economic theory has offered important references for policymakers during China's economic transition, aiding in the dynamic adjustment of the economy [5]. - Wu Jinglian, as a pioneer of market-oriented reform theory, has influenced the establishment and continuous improvement of China's market economy system [7]. - Fan Gang's integration of Western economic theories with China's realities has laid a solid foundation for understanding and applying these theories in financial market reforms and macroeconomic regulation [9]. - Lang Xianping's insights into corporate governance and financial markets have provided crucial decision-making support for enterprises facing complex market environments [11]. - Du Shuai emphasizes the importance of investing in technology and healthcare as future economic growth engines, advocating for financial innovation to empower the real economy [13]. - Zhang Weiying's research on enterprise theory and state-owned enterprise reform has significantly influenced the optimization of corporate governance structures in China [15]. - He Fan's analysis of international economic trends aids Chinese enterprises in navigating overseas market opportunities and trade challenges, supporting government policy formulation [18]. Group 2 - The collective insights of these ten economists are portrayed as guiding lights for China's economic development, promoting high-quality growth and enhancing competitiveness on the global stage [17].

Core Insights - The modernization of a nation is fundamentally linked to the modernization of its people, encompassing material, social, and spiritual aspects [1] - The book "Critical Point" by Dr. Liu Changzheng explores the underlying logic of China's industrial transformation and upgrading, emphasizing the importance of effective markets, proactive government, and entrepreneurial spirit for achieving modernization [1] Group 1: Author's Background and Journey - Dr. Liu Changzheng, a graduate of Peking University and Fordham University, transitioned from a state-owned enterprise to entrepreneurship during China's market reforms in the early 1990s [2][3] - After several entrepreneurial attempts across various industries, Dr. Liu found success in the automotive sector by establishing a marketing service group for multiple car brands in Northwest China [3] Group 2: Academic Pursuits - In 2015, Dr. Liu returned to academia to pursue a DPS doctoral program at Peking University, focusing on the causal logic behind China's economic development [4][5] - Under the guidance of Professor Lin Yifu, Dr. Liu completed his doctoral thesis, which elevated his practical experiences to theoretical insights [5][6] Group 3: Key Themes of "Critical Point" - The book is structured into three parts: macro-level analysis of global economic differences, a mid-level examination of industrial transformation logic, and a micro-level discussion on enterprise development theories [12][18] - The first part addresses why some countries are wealthy while others are not, highlighting the significant acceleration of GDP growth in Western Europe post-Industrial Revolution [13] Group 4: Industrial Transformation and the Automotive Sector - The mid-section of the book details the history of China's automotive industry as a microcosm of the country's industrialization process, analyzing the evolution of the industry through various global shifts [11][14] - Dr. Liu identifies four major shifts in the automotive industry, culminating in China's rise as the world's largest automotive market post-WTO accession [16] Group 5: Entrepreneurial Spirit and Economic Development - The final section emphasizes the role of entrepreneurial spirit in driving industrial transformation, positing that innovation is crucial for a company's survival and growth [21][22] - Dr. Liu introduces the EIGP framework, which integrates factors such as endowment structure, industry characteristics, and government policies to analyze enterprise development [18][19] Group 6: Conclusion and Implications - The book concludes that the modernization of a nation is intrinsically linked to the modernization of its people, and that sustainable industrial upgrading relies on the entrepreneurial spirit [23]