思想领域的战争没有硝烟。今年以来，随着美国政府关闭美国国际开发署、大幅缩编美国国际媒体署， 这些机构成为舆论关注焦点，其长期以来输出意识形态、推动思想渗透、操纵国际舆论、塑造他国认知 甚至阴谋颠覆他国政权的活动不断曝光。不过，美方"自曝家丑"让世界看到的，只是美国全球认知战的 冰山一角。 7日，新华社国家高端智库在2025全球南方媒体智库高端论坛上发布《思想殖民——美国认知战的手 段、根源及国际危害》报告，系统性揭露美国在全球开展认知战的历史和手段，深刻揭示其对全球和平 与发展的严重危害。 报告指出，美国施行思想殖民，旨在巩固文化强权、强化政治霸权、维护经济特权，从而构筑霸权体系 的深层基石。今天，随着全球南方加速觉醒，美国霸权走向衰落，世界进一步看清美国思想价值体系背 后的自私、伪善与"双标"。历史一再证明，任何强加于人的思想模板都终将破产，任何操弄他人认知的 图谋都注定失败。 由来已久、无孔不入：揭开思想殖民的灰暗历史 美国政治学者汉斯·摩根索认为，"成功的帝国主义政策，不是征服和掌握经济，而是控制人的头脑"。 有别于一般的思想文化交流，思想殖民是基于不平等、为了不平等的头脑控制，具有强制改造、恶意操 纵 ...

新华社伦敦8月18日电 题：谁在制造"债务陷阱"？——一份英国报告揭示的真相 新华社记者高文成 要从根本上解决发展中国家长期积累的债务问题，关键在于实现经济多元化和可持续发展。中国对此予 以坚定支持，在合作中聚焦提升对方的自主"造血"能力，通过长期投入帮助合作方克服发展瓶颈。尤其 是在常被西方舆论描绘成所谓"债务陷阱重灾区"的非洲，中方帮助非洲建成了近10万公里公路、超1万 公里铁路及近百个港口等大量基础设施，极大促进了非洲的互联互通和现代化进程，从而释放其可持续 增长潜力。正如南非总统拉马福萨等多位非洲领导人所言，非洲人民心中有杆秤，清楚地认识到中国的 投资是互利合作，而非"债务陷阱"。 从更深层次看，这场"债务陷阱"叙事的建构和破除，折射了争夺全球发展权和话语权的深层博弈。西方 主导的债务体系将发展中国家的经济自主权捆上枷锁，是对发展权的剥夺，而中国的合作模式为打破这 种束缚、开辟新的道路提供了可能。 上述数据清晰地表明，问题的关键不仅在于债务数额，更在于债务的性质和条件。相比于着眼长远发展 的"耐心资本"，以西方为主的商业债权人和由其主导的多边金融机构，其贷款往往以追求短期超额利润 为目的，并附加了严苛 ...

报告用典型案例揭示了部分债权方在债务追索中的强硬姿态：矿业巨头嘉能可不愿给予乍得任何债务减 免，英国渣打银行等债权人未能与赞比亚达成减债协议，汉密尔顿储备银行拒绝斯里兰卡债务重组方案 并坚持在纽约州法院起诉……不难发现，这些商业贷款机构主要来自美西方。"债务正义"相关负责人认 为："西方将非洲债务危机归咎于中国，这是在转移注意力。事实上，它们自己的银行、资产管理公司 和石油交易商的责任要大得多。" 要从根本上解决发展中国家长期积累的债务问题，关键在于实现经济多元化和可持续发展。中国对此予 以坚定支持，在合作中聚焦提升对方的自主"造血"能力，通过长期投入帮助合作方克服发展瓶颈。尤其 是在常被西方舆论描绘成所谓"债务陷阱重灾区"的非洲，中方帮助非洲建成了近10万公里公路、超1万 公里铁路及近百个港口等大量基础设施，极大促进了非洲的互联互通和现代化进程，从而释放其可持续 增长潜力。正如南非总统拉马福萨等多位非洲领导人所言，非洲人民心中有杆秤，清楚地认识到中国的 投资是互利合作，而非"债务陷阱"。 新华财经伦敦8月18日电（记者高文成）英国非政府组织"债务正义"近日发布的一份覆盖88个经济体的 研究报告显示：2020 ...

Group 1 - A recent report by the UK NGO "Debt Justice" reveals that from 2020 to 2025, 39% of external debt repayments from low-income countries will go to commercial lenders outside of China, while only 13% will go to China [1] - The report highlights that Western commercial lenders and multilateral financial institutions are primarily responsible for the debt crisis in developing countries, contrary to the narrative that blames China as the largest creditor [1][2] - The nature and conditions of the debt are more critical than the amount itself, with Western lenders often imposing high-interest rates and strict repayment terms, leading to a "trap" for developing nations [1] Group 2 - Historical practices by Western nations have significantly impacted the development paths of countries in the Global South, with financial tools being used to impose conditions that undermine economic sovereignty [2] - To address the long-standing debt issues of developing countries, a focus on economic diversification and sustainable development is essential, with China supporting these efforts through long-term investments in infrastructure [2] - The narrative of the "debt trap" reflects a deeper geopolitical struggle for development rights and discourse, with China's cooperative model offering an alternative to the restrictive frameworks imposed by Western debt systems [3]

Core Viewpoint - The discussion led by Professor Lin Yifu emphasizes the resilience and potential of the Chinese economy, countering the "China collapse theory" with data and insights on growth prospects and structural reforms [2][3]. Economic Growth and Development - From 1978 to 2024, China's average annual GDP growth rate is 8.3%, making it the only major economy without a systemic financial crisis during this period [2]. - By 2024, China's per capita GDP is projected to exceed $13,000, nearing the World Bank's high-income threshold [2]. - Lin Yifu categorizes China's development into two phases: the first focused on heavy industry, which laid the foundation but caused efficiency losses, and the second, post-1978, which shifted to labor-intensive industries, enabling rapid industrialization [2]. Reform and Innovation - The dual-track system is presented as a rational choice during the transition period, balancing economic stability with market development [2]. - China's gradual reform approach has created a 40-year growth miracle, contrasting with the "shock therapy" faced by many transitioning economies [2]. Future Growth Potential - Using a model based on the 2019 Sino-U.S. technology gap, China is expected to maintain an 8% growth potential until 2035, with actual growth rates projected between 5% and 6% [3]. - By 2049, even with a reduced potential of 6%, actual growth rates of 3% to 4% are still anticipated [3]. - Key supporting factors for this growth include an annual influx of 11 million university graduates, a large domestic market of 1.4 billion people, and a comprehensive industrial system [3]. Strategic Outlook - Lin Yifu envisions a future where China's GDP reaches half of the U.S. level, fundamentally altering the technology dependency dynamics between the two nations [3]. - He advises maintaining strategic focus amidst current trade tensions, asserting that China's innovation capabilities will ultimately strengthen its economic position [3]. Structural Challenges and Solutions - To address consumption challenges, Lin Yifu suggests increasing the share of resident income, enhancing social security, and promoting common prosperity [4]. - The integration of new urbanization and rural revitalization strategies is expected to unleash significant domestic demand potential [4]. Academic Perspective - Lin Yifu's balanced approach combines rational analysis of achievements with acknowledgment of structural issues, reflecting an objective academic stance [5]. - The ongoing dialogue and updates to his work illustrate the commitment to understanding and navigating the complexities of the Chinese economy [5].

Core Viewpoint - Lin Yifu emphasizes that China's economic advantages lie in talent, a large domestic market, and a complete industrial chain, which are crucial for addressing new challenges in the economy [1][3]. Group 1: Economic Growth and Challenges - Lin Yifu discusses the recurring "China collapse theory," attributing it to the misallocation of resources and corruption stemming from government interventions in developing countries post-World War II [1][2]. - He argues that the mainstream economic theory's prescription of marketization and privatization has led to stagnation and crises in many countries, while China's gradual dual-track reform has facilitated stable and rapid growth [2][3]. - Despite challenges such as an aging population and trade tensions with the U.S., China is projected to maintain a growth rate of 5% to 6% until 2035, leveraging its advantages [3][4]. Group 2: Future Projections - If growth expectations are met, by 2049, China's per capita GDP could reach half of that of the U.S., and its economic size could be twice that of the U.S., altering the dynamics of U.S.-China relations [4]. - Lin Yifu highlights that China's continued development will not only support its modernization goals but also contribute to global stability [4]. Group 3: Historical Context and Economic Miracle - From 1978 to 1995, China experienced an average growth rate of 9.7%, and from 1995 to 2024, an average of 8.3%, making it the fastest-growing economy without systemic financial crises [6][7]. - By 2024, China's per capita GDP is projected to be $13,445, nearing the high-income threshold, showcasing its significant impact on the East Asian economy and global recovery [6][7]. - The key to China's sustained growth lies in its ability to enhance productivity and leverage its latecomer advantage through technology absorption and innovation [7].