Core Viewpoint - The recent rise in global long-term bond yields is driven by overlapping factors including fiscal concerns, monetary policy, and supply-demand dynamics related to term premium effects [1][6]. Group 1: Bond Market Dynamics - A global bond sell-off has been observed, particularly affecting long-term bonds, with the 30-year U.S. Treasury yield surpassing 5% for the first time since July [3]. - The 30-year Japanese government bond yield reached a historic high of 3.286%, reflecting a cumulative increase of 100 basis points this year due to high inflation and low real interest rates [3]. - The 30-year UK bond yield hit its highest level since 1998 at 5.75%, while the 30-year French bond yield also exceeded levels seen in 2008 [3][6]. Group 2: Factors Influencing Yield Increases - Analysts indicate that the sell-off is driven by concerns over fiscal and monetary policies, compounded by political risks in various countries [6][8]. - The increase in bond issuance and a decline in traditional long-bond buyers have removed previous mechanisms that helped lower yields [7]. - The market is increasingly skeptical about central banks' ability to control inflation in the medium term, particularly regarding the independence of central banks like the Federal Reserve [6][7]. Group 3: Political and Economic Risks - The UK faces a £35 billion budget deficit, raising investor concerns about fiscal policy effectiveness [8]. - France is attempting to implement a $51 billion budget cut to curb its deficit, but political divisions complicate these efforts [8]. - Japan's political instability, highlighted by resignations within the ruling party, raises concerns about future fiscal policies and potential increases in the fiscal deficit [8][9]. Group 4: Seasonal and Technical Factors - Historical data shows that September is typically a poor month for long-term bonds, with a median decline of 2% over the past decade [10]. - Technical liquidity factors, including significant cash withdrawals from the banking system, are expected to impact the bond market in September [10].

Core Viewpoint - The recent sell-off in long-term government bonds in the US and Europe is driven by investor concerns over fiscal sustainability and central bank's ability to control inflation, compounded by seasonal liquidity tightening and term premium effects [1][2][5]. Group 1: Market Reactions - Long-term bond yields in the US, UK, Italy, and France have risen significantly, with the US 30-year bond yield increasing by 5.3 basis points to 4.97%, marking a multi-year high [1]. - The negative sentiment in the bond market has spilled over into the stock market, with major indices such as the S&P 500, Dow Jones, and Nasdaq experiencing declines of 0.69%, 0.55%, and 0.82% respectively [1]. - The sell-off in bonds has been linked to a historical context where previous fiscal policies and trade tensions have led to significant fluctuations in bond yields [1][4]. Group 2: Economic Factors - OECD projects that sovereign debt issuance among its 38 member countries will reach a record $17 trillion by 2025, with the debt servicing cost as a percentage of GDP rising to 3.3% in 2024, up from 2.4% in 2021 [4]. - The US is particularly affected, with debt interest costs projected to reach 4.7% of GDP, raising concerns about fiscal sustainability [4]. - Political instability in countries like France and the UK is causing investor anxiety, with discussions around potential IMF assistance emerging [5]. Group 3: Market Dynamics - Seasonal liquidity tightening is identified as a contributing factor to the recent bond market downturn, as September typically sees increased bond issuance from governments and corporations, leading to supply-demand imbalances [6]. - The expectation of a strong US non-farm payroll report could influence market sentiment, with potential implications for Federal Reserve interest rate policies [6]. - Analysts suggest that the current rise in long-term bond yields may not be easily reversed, even with anticipated slight reductions in policy rates [7].