其实，流感和普通感冒不是一回事，用药自然不能一概而论。 感冒了，要不要用点头孢消炎？抗病毒药能直接吃吗？流感季，这样的疑问每天都能听到很多。不少人 把流感当普通感冒治，要么乱用药，要么硬扛着，殊不知，两者都可能有麻烦。 另外，奥司他韦、玛巴洛沙韦等抗病毒药的作用是抑制病毒复制，不是直接杀死病毒，出现症状48小时 内是用药的黄金窗口期，早用比多用更重要。 还有些常见的用药误区，可能加重病情、伤身体，一定要避开。 一是发烧就用抗生素。流感是病毒引起的，抗生素只针对细菌，对病毒没用。滥用抗生素不仅治不好流 感，还会让细菌产生耐药性——如果下次真的细菌感染了，再用这些药可能就不管用了，相当于给自己 留了健康隐患。 二是症状一好就停药。抗病毒药需要吃够疗程才能把病毒压下去，比如奥司他韦得连吃5天，哪怕2天就 退烧，也得吃完。擅自停药等于给病毒"留活路"，不仅容易复发，还可能让病毒产生耐药性，以后再得 流感就更难治了。 三是多种药叠加吃。为了快速缓解症状，有人把感冒药、退烧药、抗病毒药一起吃，这是最危险的做 法。很多复方感冒药里含有对乙酰氨基酚（退烧药成分），再额外吃退烧药容易过量。药物过量会加重 肝肾负担，严重时可能引 ...

来源：人民日报 原标题：流感用药要避开这些误区（名医讲堂） 感冒了，要不要用点头孢消炎？抗病毒药能直接吃吗？流感季，这样的疑问每天都能听到很多。不少人 把流感当普通感冒治，要么乱用药，要么硬扛着，殊不知，两者都可能有麻烦。 其实，流感和普通感冒不是一回事，用药自然不能一概而论。 首先，要先分清流感和普通感冒，别吃错药。不少人一发烧，连自己是不是流感都没搞清楚，就直奔药 店买最贵的抗流感药。这种盲目买药行为，可能耽误病情。 简单说，流感和感冒有三个"不一样"。 病毒不一样。流感是甲型、乙型流感病毒引起的，传染性强；普通感冒多是鼻病毒、冠状病毒导致的， 传染性弱。 症状不一样。流感一来往往会发高烧（体温39—40摄氏度），浑身肌肉酸痛、没力气，症状重；普通感 冒多是鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉咙痛，发烧也多是低热，症状轻。 一是发烧就用抗生素。流感是病毒引起的，抗生素只针对细菌，对病毒没用。滥用抗生素不仅治不好流 感，还会让细菌产生耐药性——如果下次真的细菌感染了，再用这些药可能就不管用了，相当于给自己 留了健康隐患。 二是症状一好就停药。抗病毒药需要吃够疗程才能把病毒压下去，比如奥司他韦得连吃5天，哪怕2天就 退烧，也得吃 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of understanding influenza, its symptoms, transmission methods, and preventive measures, especially during the winter season when flu cases rise [1][3][8]. Group 1: Differences Between Influenza and Common Cold - Influenza is caused by the influenza virus, while the common cold can be caused by various viruses such as rhinoviruses and coronaviruses [5]. - Symptoms of influenza appear suddenly and are more severe, including high fever (above 38°C) lasting 3 to 5 days, while common cold symptoms develop gradually and usually involve low fever or no fever [6]. - Influenza can lead to serious complications like pneumonia and myocarditis, whereas the common cold has a low risk of complications [6][10]. Group 2: Transmission Methods - Influenza spreads primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks [3]. - Contact transmission occurs when the virus is transferred from contaminated surfaces to hands and then to the face [3]. - Aerosol transmission can happen in poorly ventilated spaces, increasing the risk of infection [3]. Group 3: Prevention Strategies - Annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza, recommended for children over 6 months old [8]. - Good personal hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and using masks in crowded places, are crucial for prevention [8][9]. - Maintaining a well-ventilated environment and enhancing personal immunity through a balanced diet and regular exercise are also important [8]. Group 4: Management of Influenza Symptoms - Individuals showing symptoms like fever and cough should rest and seek medical attention promptly [10]. - For children, it is advised to wait until they are symptom-free for 48 hours after fever resolution before returning to school to prevent virus transmission [10].

Group 1 - The winter season is a peak period for influenza, with a noticeable increase in the number of children seeking medical attention for flu symptoms [1] - Influenza presents with sudden onset, high fever, body aches, fatigue, poor appetite, and lethargy, distinguishing it from the common cold, which has a slower onset and milder symptoms [1] - Children under 5 years old, especially those under 2, are at high risk for severe influenza, with specific warning signs indicating severe cases [1] Group 2 - Common misconceptions among parents regarding flu prevention and care can worsen the child's condition, such as relying solely on physical cooling methods instead of antipyretics [1][2] - Practices like giving hot baths or "sweating it out" can exacerbate fever and lead to further complications, highlighting the importance of appropriate clothing and bedding during fever [2]

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of flu prevention and health, particularly on World Flu Day, highlighting that flu is not just a common cold but a serious illness that can threaten vulnerable populations such as the elderly and children [1] Group 1: Flu Characteristics and Risks - Flu is highly contagious and can lead to severe complications like pneumonia and myocarditis, unlike the common cold which has milder symptoms [5][9] - Vulnerable groups, including children under 5, seniors over 65, individuals with underlying health conditions, and pregnant women, are at higher risk for severe complications from the flu [9] Group 2: Current Flu Situation - The dominant flu strain currently is the H3N2 subtype, with over 90% of positive samples in both southern and northern provinces being this strain [11] - There has been a shift in the dominant flu strain in Shanghai from H1N1 in the first half of the year to H3N2 in the latter half, with typical symptoms including fever, sore throat, and body aches [13]