鼻病毒进入人体呼吸道后，会迅速附着在鼻黏膜上皮细胞上并大量复制，破坏细胞正常功能，引发 免疫系统的防御反应，导致鼻黏膜充血水肿、分泌物增多，进而出现鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏等症状。 全国急性呼吸道传染病哨点监测情况显示，10月20日—10月26日，哨点医院门急诊流感样病例呼吸 道样本检测阳性率前三位病原体中，鼻病毒排在第一位。 公丕花说："很多人都会把鼻病毒感冒当成流感。"那么，鼻病毒感冒和流感有什么区别？ 公丕花解释，鼻病毒感冒症状以鼻塞、流鼻涕、打喷嚏为主；患者基本不发烧或只发低烧，不像流 感那样会突然高烧到39℃以上；一般5—7天就能康复，很少会发展成肺炎。 相较而言，流感的症状则为头痛、骨头疼、没力气，鼻子症状反而不明显；患者几乎都会高烧，发 烧时间会持续3—5天甚至更久；一般7—10天才能恢复，且恢复后可能还会有乏力症状。 秋冬季节出现打喷嚏、流鼻涕等症状时，很多人会以为是流感，其实还有可能是鼻病毒感冒。 北京大学人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科副主任医师公丕花介绍，鼻病毒感冒是鼻病毒感染人体后引 发的一系列呼吸道症状综合征。 患了鼻病毒感冒在用药上有哪些注意事项？ "一是鼻病毒没有特效药，奥司他韦对它无效。二 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the safety of antihistamines and nasal steroids used for allergy treatment, clarifying that they do not cause addiction and emphasizing the importance of consistent medication use to prevent worsening allergy symptoms [1][3]. Group 1: Antihistamines and Nasal Steroids - The main types of antihistamines available in the market are second-generation antihistamines, such as cetirizine and loratadine, which do not affect the central nervous system [3]. - Nasal steroids, commonly used for allergies, act locally and do not enter systemic circulation, further ensuring their safety [3]. Group 2: Side Effects and Precautions - Some antihistamines may cause drowsiness and impaired concentration, which poses risks for individuals engaged in high-concentration tasks such as operating machinery or driving [5].

Group 1 - The National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA) has released the 11th batch of centralized drug procurement documents, involving 55 types of drugs across various categories such as anti-infection, anti-tumor, anti-allergy, diabetes, and cardiovascular medications [2][3] - The new bidding rules aim to avoid vicious competition among pharmaceutical companies while ensuring quality and affordability for patients, aligning with the cost control requirements of medical insurance [3][4] - The new rules include a "revival" mechanism for mainstream brands that did not win in the first round, allowing them to qualify at the highest proposed winning price, recognizing the market value of quality brands [3][4] Group 2 - The reporting rules have shifted from counting by drug generic names to allowing medical institutions to report by specific brand names, emphasizing respect for doctors' prescribing autonomy and ensuring patient access to medications [4] - The impact of the new procurement rules on drug companies and the industry will require observation over time, with expectations that centralized procurement will accelerate industry reshuffling, particularly affecting companies with severe product homogeneity [4] - Continuous feedback from stakeholders and timely evaluations of the new rules' impacts are essential for maintaining the effectiveness and vitality of the centralized procurement policy, ensuring patients receive reasonably priced and safe medications [4]

Core Viewpoint - The new procurement rules aim to prevent pharmaceutical companies from engaging in harmful price competition while ensuring quality and affordability for patients, aligning with medical insurance cost control requirements [2][3]. Group 1: New Procurement Rules - The latest round of centralized drug procurement involves 55 types of drugs, including those for infections, tumors, allergies, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases [2]. - The new bidding rules optimize the price difference calculation anchor, moving away from a simple lowest price model, requiring the lowest bidder to justify their pricing and commit to not pricing below cost [2][3]. - A "revival" mechanism has been introduced, allowing mainstream brands that did not win in the first round to qualify at the highest proposed winning price, recognizing the market value of quality brands [3]. Group 2: Quality and Compliance - The new rules impose strict quality controls, requiring that the production lines of bidding drugs have no violations of quality management standards in the past two years, with comprehensive inspections and product sampling by regulatory authorities [3]. - The reporting rules have shifted from generic drug names to allowing medical institutions to report based on specific brand names, emphasizing respect for doctors' prescribing autonomy and ensuring patient access to medications [3]. Group 3: Industry Impact and Future Outlook - The new procurement rules are expected to accelerate the reshaping of the pharmaceutical industry, with many companies likely to be eliminated due to severe product homogeneity [4]. - Companies are reminded that competing solely on price is not sustainable; they must focus on quality and innovation to thrive in the industry [4]. - Continuous feedback from stakeholders is essential for evaluating the impact of the new rules, ensuring that the procurement policy remains effective and beneficial for both patients and companies [4].

Group 1: Industry Overview - Approximately 70% of allergy medications in China are produced in Hainan, with a significant contribution from Wante Pharmaceutical (Hainan) Co., Ltd, a private enterprise with over 20 years in the region [1] - Hainan Baolu Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd has developed the 21st generation of tilapia fry, achieving a growth rate improvement of 300% compared to the first generation, exporting 1 billion fry annually to global markets [1] - As of June 2023, Hainan has 3.6044 million private business entities, accounting for 97.54% of the province's total, contributing 60% of GDP, 80% of tax revenue, and nearly 90% of employment [1] Group 2: Innovation and R&D - Jindan Technology Co., Ltd has transformed from a single transformer product company to a smart manufacturing leader with nearly 7 billion yuan in annual revenue, investing 356 million yuan in R&D in 2024 [2] - Hainan Huayan Collagen Technology Co., Ltd focuses on high-value utilization of marine resources, converting fish by-products into small molecule peptides for various applications, supported by a highly educated R&D team [2] - In 2024, the top 20 private enterprises in Hainan are expected to invest a total of 3.763 billion yuan in R&D, holding 1,199 valid patents and participating in the formulation of 335 standards [2] Group 3: Policy Support - Jingrun Pearl, the first company in Hainan's pearl processing industry to benefit from a 30% processing value-added tax exemption, has imported 16,300 pearls this year, saving over 1 million yuan in taxes [3] - The 10.56 billion yuan lithium hydroxide project in Yangpu is expected to generate over 2 billion yuan in annual output value, benefiting from Hainan's zero-tariff policy [3] - Hainan has implemented a series of policies, including a 15% income tax reduction for businesses and individuals, to enhance the business environment and support private enterprises [4] Group 4: Business Environment - Hainan's first batch of soybean oil from AOSK International Grain and Oil was exported to India, showcasing the province's efficient business environment that allows rapid project completion [5] - The Hainan government has introduced measures to optimize the business environment, including a one-stop service platform for policies and direct communication channels between government and enterprises [5] - The Hainan Free Trade Port is set to enhance the global competitiveness of private enterprises, with companies like Hainan Shengsen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd planning to establish R&D centers and expand international markets [6]