中国疾控中心最新监测数据显示，我国流感活动已降至中流行水平，各省份流感病毒检测阳性率均呈下 降趋势，鼻病毒检测阳性率在一定水平波动。 中国疾控中心有关专家介绍，与流感、呼吸道合胞病毒感染相比，鼻病毒感染核心特点是鼻塞、流清 涕、咽痛等上呼吸道症状突出，全身症状轻微。成人多低热或无热，伴轻微咳嗽；儿童更易发热，婴幼 儿可能因鼻塞拒奶，部分出现呕吐、腹泻等消化道症状。 北京大学人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科副主任医师公丕花介绍，鼻病毒导致的感冒是病毒感染，不要随 意使用抗生素。可以对症吃药，如鼻塞、流鼻涕，可在医生指导下使用缓解鼻塞的药或抗过敏药。相比 药物，更推荐通过多休息、多饮水、清淡饮食、保持室内通风等非药物方法缓解症状。 专家提示，日常可以通过勤洗手、常通风、减少接触患者、保持家庭清洁、增强抵抗力等方式预防感 冒。多数健康人感染鼻病毒后7至10天可自愈。婴幼儿、老人、免疫力低下者等人群需警惕，如出现持 续发热超3天、精神萎靡、气促胸闷、婴幼儿脱水等情况，需及时就医。（记者徐鹏航） 什么是鼻病毒？专家介绍，鼻病毒是普通感冒的主要"元凶"，长期以来一直与人类共存，目前无特效药 及疫苗，科学防治不必过度担忧。 "鼻 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between influenza and the common cold, highlighting their differences in pathogens and symptom severity, and provides a practical medication list for families to prepare for the flu season [1]. Group 1: Differences Between Influenza and Common Cold - Influenza and common cold have similar symptoms but differ significantly in pathogens and severity [1]. Group 2: Medication Recommendations - Acetaminophen is recommended for alleviating fever symptoms caused by influenza, suitable for adults, pregnant women, and children aged 3 months and older, with dosage strictly calculated based on weight for infants and children [4]. - Ibuprofen is effective for fever reduction and relieving mild to moderate pain, appropriate for children over 6 months and adults, with specific formulations for children [4]. - Oseltamivir should be used as soon as influenza is diagnosed, ideally within 48 hours of onset, and is suitable for both types A and B influenza [6][7]. - Baloxavir marboxil is a viral RNA polymerase inhibitor for adults and children over 5 years old with influenza [8]. - Oral rehydration salts are recommended to prevent dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea associated with influenza, suitable for both adults and children [9]. - Dextromethorphan is indicated for dry cough symptoms caused by influenza, suppressing the cough reflex [10]. - Expectorants can help thin mucus and promote its expulsion, beneficial for patients with thick phlegm [11]. Group 3: Medication Usage Guidelines - Antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, are ineffective against influenza unless there is a concurrent bacterial infection, and their misuse should be avoided [15]. - Special populations, including children, pregnant women, and elderly individuals with underlying conditions, should consult a doctor before using medications [15]. - Regularly check and clear expired medications from home medicine cabinets every 3-6 months to avoid using ineffective or harmful substances [17]. - Expired medications should not be discarded casually; they should be disposed of through community drug recycling points or hospital collection boxes to prevent environmental and health hazards [18].

Group 1 - Rhinovirus is one of the most common viruses and is a major cause of the common cold, responsible for approximately 30% to 50% of adult colds and about 15% of children's colds, earning it the title of "king of cold viruses" [2] - The virus has a short incubation period of 1 to 3 days and can lead to symptoms such as nasal congestion and clear nasal discharge [3] - Rhinovirus infections are typically self-limiting in healthy adults, but can exacerbate existing conditions in vulnerable populations such as infants, the elderly, and those with chronic respiratory diseases [3] Group 2 - Rhinovirus primarily causes mild cold symptoms, with a normal or slightly elevated temperature, and most patients recover within a week without severe complications [4] - The virus spreads through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces, making it easily transmissible in crowded places [5] - Treatment focuses on symptomatic relief and supportive care, as antibiotics are ineffective against viruses [6][7] Group 3 - Preventive measures against rhinovirus include frequent handwashing, avoiding face touching, and maintaining a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and regular exercise to support immune health [8][9] - The use of saline nasal sprays and traditional Chinese medicine may provide additional support, but basic hygiene practices are emphasized as the most important preventive strategies [8][9]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of understanding influenza, its symptoms, transmission methods, and preventive measures, especially during the winter season when flu cases rise [1][3][8]. Group 1: Differences Between Influenza and Common Cold - Influenza is caused by the influenza virus, while the common cold can be caused by various viruses such as rhinoviruses and coronaviruses [5]. - Symptoms of influenza appear suddenly and are more severe, including high fever (above 38°C) lasting 3 to 5 days, while common cold symptoms develop gradually and usually involve low fever or no fever [6]. - Influenza can lead to serious complications like pneumonia and myocarditis, whereas the common cold has a low risk of complications [6][10]. Group 2: Transmission Methods - Influenza spreads primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks [3]. - Contact transmission occurs when the virus is transferred from contaminated surfaces to hands and then to the face [3]. - Aerosol transmission can happen in poorly ventilated spaces, increasing the risk of infection [3]. Group 3: Prevention Strategies - Annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza, recommended for children over 6 months old [8]. - Good personal hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and using masks in crowded places, are crucial for prevention [8][9]. - Maintaining a well-ventilated environment and enhancing personal immunity through a balanced diet and regular exercise are also important [8]. Group 4: Management of Influenza Symptoms - Individuals showing symptoms like fever and cough should rest and seek medical attention promptly [10]. - For children, it is advised to wait until they are symptom-free for 48 hours after fever resolution before returning to school to prevent virus transmission [10].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding influenza, its characteristics, transmission methods, clinical manifestations, and prevention measures to effectively respond to the disease [1]. Group 1: Influenza Characteristics - Influenza is a common acute respiratory infectious disease that causes varying degrees of impact on health and daily life each year [1]. - There are two main types of influenza viruses affecting humans: Type A and Type B, which can cause significant clinical diseases and seasonal outbreaks [3][5]. - Symptoms of influenza include sudden high fever (up to 39°C-40°C), respiratory symptoms like sore throat and cough, and systemic symptoms such as headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite [6][11]. Group 2: Differentiation from Common Cold - Influenza is characterized by severe systemic effects, while the common cold primarily affects the nose and throat with milder symptoms [9][11]. - Common cold symptoms are generally mild and self-limiting, while influenza can lead to serious complications, especially in high-risk groups [10][11]. Group 3: Treatment and Prevention - Antiviral medications like Oseltamivir and Baloxavir are most effective when administered within 48 hours of symptom onset [12]. - Daily preventive measures include hand hygiene, wearing masks, maintaining good nutrition, and avoiding crowded places during peak influenza seasons [13][14]. - Annual vaccination is recommended for all individuals over six months old, especially high-risk populations, with the best time for vaccination being September to October [14].

Core Points - The current influenza activity in China is at a moderate epidemic level, with the H3N2 subtype accounting for over 95% of cases, while H1N1 and B viruses are also circulating [2] - The flu season is expected to see a rise in acute respiratory infections, particularly in southern regions of China [2] - Vaccination is emphasized as the most effective method for preventing respiratory infectious diseases, with ongoing efforts to provide free flu vaccinations to vulnerable populations [7] Group 1: Influenza Overview - The overall influenza activity is moderate, with a significant prevalence of H3N2 subtype [2] - Symptoms of influenza include high fever, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue, distinguishing it from common colds which typically present milder symptoms [2] - Monitoring of acute respiratory infections is being conducted to track pathogen changes and strain variations [3] Group 2: Rhinovirus and Treatment - Rhinovirus is a common cause of colds, responsible for 30% to 50% of cases globally, and is characterized by strong infectivity but generally mild symptoms [5] - Non-antibiotic treatments are recommended for rhinovirus infections, focusing on rest, hydration, and maintaining a humid environment [5] - Medical attention is advised if symptoms persist beyond 10 days or worsen significantly [5][8] Group 3: Vaccination and Prevention - Vaccination against influenza is crucial due to the virus's ability to mutate, with annual updates to vaccine strains based on global monitoring [7] - There is currently no vaccine for rhinovirus, but preventive measures such as mask-wearing, hand hygiene, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are recommended [7] - Special attention should be given to the health of children, the elderly, and those with chronic conditions during the flu season [8]

Core Viewpoint - The recent emergence of the H3N2 influenza virus has led to increased public concern, with symptoms reported to be more severe than those of a common cold, as indicated by the China CDC's report showing over 90% of positive samples being H3N2 [1] Group 1: Differentiating Between Common Cold and Influenza - Influenza symptoms typically appear suddenly, including high fever, headache, sore throat, cough, significant fatigue, and muscle aches, while common cold symptoms develop more gradually and are generally milder [2] - High fever (above 39°C) lasting 3-5 days is common in influenza, whereas common cold fever is usually below 38°C and resolves within 1-2 days [2] - Early identification of symptoms is crucial for appropriate treatment and resource management [2] Group 2: Recovery Timeline and Potential Aftereffects - Antiviral treatment is most effective when administered within 48 hours of symptom onset, with medications like Oseltamivir and Marbofloxacin recommended [3] - Influenza itself does not typically leave aftereffects, but delayed treatment can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia or myocarditis, which may have long-term health impacts [3] - Healthy adults usually recover from typical influenza symptoms within a week, but some may experience lingering cough and fatigue for up to two weeks [3] Group 3: Preventive Measures for H3N2 Influenza - Vaccination is strongly recommended as the most effective and economical preventive measure against influenza [4][5] - The composition of the flu vaccine is adjusted annually to match circulating strains, enhancing its effectiveness [5] - Public health recommendations include wearing masks in high-risk areas and isolating when symptomatic to prevent the spread of the virus [5]