《 人民日报 》（ 2025年12月12日 14 版） (责编：袁勃、赵欣悦) 据新华社日内瓦12月11日电 （记者王露）世界卫生组织10日发布的《季节性流感全球形势》报告指 出，自今年10月以来，全球流感活动有所增加，全球检测到的流感病毒中，大部分是甲型流感病毒。 报告说，在全球多个国家和地区，甲型H3N2亚型流感病毒在检测到的流感病毒中所占比例都在增加。 病毒基因序列数据显示，自今年8月以来，多个国家检测到的甲型H3N2亚型流感病毒K亚分支数量增 加，这标志着流感病毒的显著进化，但目前的流行病学数据并未显示其引发的疾病严重程度增加。 ...

Core Insights - The overall trend of acute respiratory infectious diseases, particularly influenza, is on the rise in China, with 17 provinces experiencing high levels of flu activity [1] - The positive rate of influenza virus detection among patients with flu-like symptoms has reached 51%, indicating a significant prevalence [1] - The H3N2 subtype of the influenza virus remains dominant, accounting for over 95% of cases, with a possibility of peak activity in mid-December [1] Group 1: Influenza Situation - Influenza is highly contagious, especially in crowded settings such as schools and nursing homes, with a notable increase in outbreak numbers compared to the previous season [2] - High-risk groups recommended for vaccination include individuals aged 60 and above, those with chronic diseases, residents and staff of long-term care facilities, pregnant women, and young children [2] - The public is advised to get vaccinated early to prevent infection and reduce the risk of severe illness [2] Group 2: Symptoms and Treatment - Symptoms of influenza include high fever (up to 39-40 degrees Celsius), headaches, muscle aches, sore throat, dry cough, and fatigue, with some patients experiencing mild or no symptoms [3] - Individuals with severe symptoms such as high fever, difficulty breathing, or confusion should seek medical attention promptly, especially vulnerable populations like the elderly and infants [3] - Early medical treatment is crucial for high-risk groups to prevent severe complications [3]

Core Insights - The National Health Commission of China held a press conference discussing the relationship between seasonal health and the "Major Snow" solar term, highlighting the current flu situation in the country [1] Group 1: Flu Situation - Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, with a high susceptibility in the population, potentially leading to severe complications such as pneumonia and heart damage [1] - Currently, 17 provinces in China are experiencing high levels of flu activity, while the remaining provinces are at moderate levels, with a positive detection rate of flu virus at 51% among flu-like cases in outpatient and emergency visits, not exceeding the highest level in the past three years [1] - The detection rate of flu virus is significantly higher in the 5-14 age group compared to other age groups, and it is expected that the peak of flu cases will likely occur in mid-December [1] - The H3N2 subtype of the influenza virus remains dominant, accounting for over 95% of cases, with a small number of H1N1 and B-type influenza viruses circulating simultaneously [1] - The current flu season has seen a noticeable increase in the number of cluster outbreaks compared to the previous season, particularly in crowded places such as schools, childcare institutions, and nursing homes [1] Group 2: Recommendations for Vaccination - It is recommended to prioritize vaccination for key and high-risk groups to mitigate the impact of the flu, including individuals aged 60 and above, those with chronic diseases, residents and staff in congregate settings, pregnant women, children aged 6 months to 5 years, and caregivers of infants under 6 months [2] - Individuals are encouraged to get vaccinated at healthcare institutions with immunization clinics to prevent infection and reduce the risk of severe illness [2] - Companies and industry organizations are urged to facilitate flu vaccination for key groups and employees through centralized organization and payment, with healthcare institutions offering on-site services for units with a high number of vaccinated individuals [2]

Core Insights - The current flu activity in China has reached a high epidemic level, primarily driven by the H3N2 subtype of the influenza virus, which accounts for over 95% of cases reported [2][3]. Group 1: Virus Characteristics - The predominant virus this year is the H3N2 subtype, with minor circulation of H1N1 and B influenza viruses [2]. - No new or unknown pathogens have been detected, indicating that the flu viruses in circulation are well-known [2]. Group 2: Treatment Options - The most widely used antiviral medications in China are Oseltamivir and Baloxavir Marboxil, with specific age-related usage guidelines [4]. - Oseltamivir is approved for individuals over one year old, while Baloxavir is approved for children aged five and older, with the latter requiring only a single dose for treatment [4]. Group 3: Symptoms and Diagnosis - Common flu symptoms include fever, nasal congestion, sore throat, and muscle aches, with variations in severity based on the patient's age and health status [5]. - For young children showing flu symptoms, it is recommended to seek medical evaluation rather than self-medicate at home due to the rapid progression of the disease [6]. Group 4: Monitoring and Prevention - Monitoring the surrounding environment for flu activity and observing symptoms in oneself and close contacts are crucial for early detection [7].

李豫川：从临床上其实我们知道这个流感，无论是哪一种毒株，整体来说就是流感病毒，流感病毒感染之后的表现有一个共同的相似性，就是我们 说的流感样症状，具体在患者的身上可以看到有发热、鼻塞、咽痛，还有全身肌肉酸痛这些表现，无论是哪一种毒株，它的症状范围整体还都是相 似一致的。对于我们今年流行里面的主要毒株H3N2来说，它的症状并不比其他的毒株类型，比方说我们以往经历过的H1N1更严重，但它整体来说 还是在我们这个流感样症状的范畴之内。当然我们也要提醒大家，任何一个疾病的临床表现可能在不同人群里会有轻有重，我们还是要留意一下个 人情况。比方说有没有一些基础性的疾病，比方说是不是小年龄的儿童，如果有这样一些高危因素的话，还是要更加注意观察，要做到早诊早治。 对于儿童来说，如果出现了流感样症状，在家也检测了确定是甲流，在家吃药就行还是去医院更稳妥？ 李豫川：对于小年龄的儿童来说，疾病发展的变化速度比较快，所以单纯凭经验或者凭一些检测来用药，可能在有些情况下就会把孩子的病情变化 观察点给缺失掉。所以在这种情况下，我们尽量还是希望家长能带着孩子就近就医，进行相应的诊疗，由医生协助评估或者医生主导评估孩子的情 况是否适合在家里 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a significant increase in respiratory infections among children during the autumn and winter seasons, with various pathogens circulating, particularly influenza and rhinovirus, leading to a rise in outpatient visits at children's hospitals [1][2]. Group 1: Respiratory Infection Trends - There has been a notable rise in the number of outpatient visits for respiratory infections in children's hospitals, with symptoms such as persistent cough, runny nose, and fever being common among affected children [1]. - According to the China CDC, influenza has become the leading pathogen in outpatient settings, with a positive detection rate of 17.5% for influenza-like cases [1]. - The infection rates for rhinovirus are also high, particularly among children aged 14 and below, while respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is showing an upward trend in northern provinces [1]. Group 2: Symptoms and Treatment - Common symptoms of respiratory viral infections include fever, cough, phlegm, sore throat, sneezing, and runny nose, but different viruses exhibit distinct characteristics [2]. - RSV primarily affects infants under 2 years old, presenting with symptoms like runny nose, low fever, and cough, while severe cases may lead to respiratory distress [2]. - Influenza typically presents with more severe systemic symptoms, whereas rhinovirus infections are generally milder, resembling common colds [2]. Group 3: Treatment Guidelines - There are significant differences in treatment approaches for various viral infections; both rhinovirus and RSV lack specific antiviral medications, and treatment focuses on supportive care [2]. - For confirmed influenza cases, prompt administration of antiviral medications can effectively alleviate symptoms, but these medications are not beneficial for other viral infections [2]. - The use of antibiotics is discouraged for any viral infections, as they do not provide any benefit [2]. Group 4: Influenza Virus Characteristics - Current circulating influenza strains are predominantly the H3N2 subtype, which accounts for over 98% of detected cases [3]. - The H3N2 subtype is a common seasonal flu strain, and vaccination is emphasized as the most effective and economical method to prevent severe illness from influenza [3]. - Available influenza vaccines are effective against the currently circulating H3N2 strain [3].

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of flu prevention and health, particularly on World Flu Day, highlighting that flu is not just a common cold but a serious illness that can threaten vulnerable populations such as the elderly and children [1] Group 1: Flu Characteristics and Risks - Flu is highly contagious and can lead to severe complications like pneumonia and myocarditis, unlike the common cold which has milder symptoms [5][9] - Vulnerable groups, including children under 5, seniors over 65, individuals with underlying health conditions, and pregnant women, are at higher risk for severe complications from the flu [9] Group 2: Current Flu Situation - The dominant flu strain currently is the H3N2 subtype, with over 90% of positive samples in both southern and northern provinces being this strain [11] - There has been a shift in the dominant flu strain in Shanghai from H1N1 in the first half of the year to H3N2 in the latter half, with typical symptoms including fever, sore throat, and body aches [13]