Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a significant increase in respiratory infections among children during the autumn and winter seasons, with various pathogens circulating, particularly influenza and rhinovirus, leading to a rise in outpatient visits at children's hospitals [1][2]. Group 1: Respiratory Infection Trends - There has been a notable rise in the number of outpatient visits for respiratory infections in children's hospitals, with symptoms such as persistent cough, runny nose, and fever being common among affected children [1]. - According to the China CDC, influenza has become the leading pathogen in outpatient settings, with a positive detection rate of 17.5% for influenza-like cases [1]. - The infection rates for rhinovirus are also high, particularly among children aged 14 and below, while respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is showing an upward trend in northern provinces [1]. Group 2: Symptoms and Treatment - Common symptoms of respiratory viral infections include fever, cough, phlegm, sore throat, sneezing, and runny nose, but different viruses exhibit distinct characteristics [2]. - RSV primarily affects infants under 2 years old, presenting with symptoms like runny nose, low fever, and cough, while severe cases may lead to respiratory distress [2]. - Influenza typically presents with more severe systemic symptoms, whereas rhinovirus infections are generally milder, resembling common colds [2]. Group 3: Treatment Guidelines - There are significant differences in treatment approaches for various viral infections; both rhinovirus and RSV lack specific antiviral medications, and treatment focuses on supportive care [2]. - For confirmed influenza cases, prompt administration of antiviral medications can effectively alleviate symptoms, but these medications are not beneficial for other viral infections [2]. - The use of antibiotics is discouraged for any viral infections, as they do not provide any benefit [2]. Group 4: Influenza Virus Characteristics - Current circulating influenza strains are predominantly the H3N2 subtype, which accounts for over 98% of detected cases [3]. - The H3N2 subtype is a common seasonal flu strain, and vaccination is emphasized as the most effective and economical method to prevent severe illness from influenza [3]. - Available influenza vaccines are effective against the currently circulating H3N2 strain [3].

（央视财经《第一时间》）11月1日是"世界流感日"，今年的主题是"预防流感，守护健康"，提醒人们关注流感的预防与健康的重要性。医生提醒，流感不 是普通的"重感冒"，它传染性强、病毒变得快，尤其容易威胁到家里的老人和孩子等体质弱的人群。 在上海儿童医学中心，常女士六个月大的宝宝一开始只是小咳嗽，后来在体检抽血时发现异常，最后被诊断出流感引起的急性支气管炎，还有轻度肺炎。 上海儿童医学中心呼吸科主任殷勇介绍，流感和普通感冒差别很大：普通感冒症状轻，主要是打喷嚏、流鼻涕，很少发烧；而流感往往来势凶猛，一上来就 容易高烧、全身酸痛、乏力，还可能引起肺炎、心肌炎等并发症。 上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心呼吸科主任 殷勇：得了流感以后，48小时之内使用敏感的抗流感病毒药物，能够很快使症状改善，毒力下降。 如果出现了高热不退，拒食、脱水、呼吸急促、呼吸困难，就需要及时就医。 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院感染管理办公室主任 班海群：5岁以下儿童、65岁以上的老年人、罹患各种基础疾病的患者，还有孕产妇、围产期的妇 女，这些人群如果得了流感之后就容易引起一些严重的并发症。 记者从上海市疾控中心了解到，每年11月中下旬起 ...