2026 年 02 月 01 日 负债端。最新更新的数据显示，2025 年 12 月实体部门负债 增速录得 8.4%，前值 8.6%，符合预期。预计 2026 年 1 月实 体部门负债增速继续下降至 8.3%附近。金融部门方面，上周 资金面边际上略有收敛，符合预期。与地方债发行节奏加快 有关，预计 2 月实体部门负债增速出现小幅反弹，3 月转而 回落。资金面方面，目前预计 2 月情况尚可，但存在明显收 敛的风险，关注月初季节性恢复情况。合并来看，2 月实体 部门边际扩表的确定性较强，资金面出现明显收敛的概率不 大，我们对权益市场持乐观看法，风格均衡；债券方面，实 体部门边际扩表代表供给增加，代表需求的资金面如果没有 更为明显的松弛，我们倾向于认为，债市调整风险有所上 升。2025 年 12 月 24 日，央行发布四季度例会通稿，明确指 出，"使社会融资规模、货币供应量增长同经济增长、价格 总水平预期目标相匹配"，这表明稳定宏观杠杆率的大方向 仍然没有动摇，等待 2026 年两会给出定量财政目标。 看多 2 月，风格均衡——资产配置周报 财政政策。上周合计政府债（包括国债和地方债）净增加 2353 亿元（高于计 ...

2026 年 1 月 27 日 总量研究 "4.5%至 5%"的预期与长债的收益率 ——2026 年 1 月 27 日利率债观察 要点 1、"4.5%至 5%"的预期与长债的收益率 经济基本面变化超预期，不理性的预期引发市场快速波动，对当前的货币政策框 架理解不到位。 作者 分析师：张旭 执业证书编号：S0930516010001 010-58452066 zhang_xu@ebscn.com 近段时间，部分投资者预期 2026 年 GDP 增长目标将设定为"4.5%至 5%"， 我们亦认为这个预期兑现的概率是不低的。鉴于"4.5%至 5%"这个表述低于之 前"5%左右"的市场普遍预期，其成为了推动债券收益率下行的催化剂之一。 事实上，今年 1 月 7 日 10 年期国债收益率是 1.90%，至昨日（注：1 月 26 日） 已降至了 1.82%。 为何 GDP 增长目标预期值降低会催化收益率下行？这是因为部分投资者认为， 较低的经济增长目标对应于较低的利率水平。但我们认为，这个观点是值得商榷 的，因为其混淆了（调控者希望达到的）增长目标和（经济自身的）潜在增速两 个概念。无论是上文中提及的"4.5%至 5%" ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content is provided in the report. 2. Core View of the Report - The overall macro - policy aims to stabilize the macro - leverage ratio. The liability growth rate of the real - sector is expected to decline in December 2025, and the government debt growth rate is also expected to continue to fall. - The economic situation on the asset side is weak, with the physical quantity data in October weaker than that in September. It is necessary to focus on when the economy will stabilize and pick up. - The stock - bond ratio is in an interval - shock state, currently with risk - preference at the upper limit of the interval and trending downward later. The stock - bond ratio is in favor of bonds, and the equity style is in favor of value [17][19][22]. 3. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 National Asset Balance Sheet Analysis - **Liability Side**: In November 2025, the liability growth rate of the real - sector was 8.7%, the same as the previous value, and it is expected to drop to around 8.5% in December. The government debt growth rate was 13.1% at the end of November, and is expected to fall to around 12.5% in December. The capital market was basically stable last week, mainly due to the renewal of 750 billion special treasury bonds on the 12th, with a high probability of subsequent marginal convergence [17][18]. - **Fiscal Policy**: The net increase of government bonds last week was 298.1 billion yuan, higher than the planned net decrease of 510.2 billion yuan. It is planned that the government bonds will have a net decrease of 119.2 billion yuan next week [2][18]. - **Monetary Policy**: Last week, the capital trading volume and price increased on a weekly average basis, and the term spread was stable. The one - year treasury bond yield fluctuated narrowly, closing at 1.39% on the weekend. The term spread between the ten - year and one - year treasury bonds was stable at 45 basis points. The yield fluctuation ranges of the ten - year and thirty - year treasury bonds are expected to be around 1.6% - 1.9% and 1.8% - 2.3% respectively [2][18]. - **Asset Side**: The physical quantity data in October was weaker than that in September. The annual real economic growth target in 2025 is about 5%, and the nominal economic growth target is about 4.9%. It is necessary to observe whether 5% will become the central target for China's nominal economic growth in the next 1 - 2 years [3][19]. 3.2 Stock - Bond Ratio and Stock - Bond Style - **Economic Cycle**: Since 2011, China has entered a period of declining potential economic growth, which seems to have ended in the fourth quarter of 2024. The government put forward three policy goals in 2016, and currently the liability - side convergence has not ended but the space is limited [6][20]. - **Overseas Situation**: China and the US are in a state of equal - power competition. If the valuation of the US technology field is re - evaluated, global funds may flow to China. It is necessary to focus on whether the RMB exchange rate will enter an appreciation channel [6][21]. - **Market Performance**: Last week, the capital market was stable, with stocks and bonds rising slightly, and the equity style shifting to growth - dominance. The bond yields at both long - and short - ends declined slightly, and the stock - bond ratio was in favor of bonds [7][21]. - **Investment Recommendation**: It is recommended to allocate long - term bonds and value - type equity assets. This week, it is recommended to allocate the Shanghai Composite 50 Index (80% position) and the 30 - year treasury bond ETF (20% position) [8][22]. 3.3 Industry Recommendation - **Industry Performance Review**: This week, A - shares fell on heavy volume. Among the Shenwan primary industries, communication, national defense and military industry, electronics, machinery, and power equipment had the largest increases, while coal, petroleum and petrochemicals, steel, real estate, and textile and clothing had the largest declines [30]. - **Industry Crowding and Trading Volume**: As of December 12, the top five crowded industries were electronics, power equipment, communication, machinery, and computers, while the bottom five were beauty care, comprehensive, petroleum and petrochemicals, steel, and coal. The trading volume of the whole A - shares rebounded this week, with the trading volume of some industries increasing and that of some industries decreasing [31][34]. - **Industry Valuation and Earnings**: This week, among the Shenwan primary industries, the PE (TTM) of communication, electronics, national defense and military industry, machinery, and comprehensive increased the most, while that of coal, petroleum and petrochemicals, steel, real estate, and textile and clothing decreased the most. Industries with high 2024 full - year earnings forecasts and relatively low current valuations include banks, securities, insurance, etc. [37][38]. - **Industry Prosperity**: Externally, the demand is declining marginally, with the global manufacturing PMI falling and the export growth rates of some countries fluctuating. Domestically, the second - hand housing price fell last week, and quantity indicators showed mixed trends [42]. - **Public Offering Market Review**: In the second week of December, most active public - offering equity funds outperformed the CSI 300. As of December 12, the net asset value of active public - offering equity funds increased slightly compared with that in Q4 2024 [60]. - **Industry Recommendation**: In the de - leveraging cycle, the stock - bond ratio is only slightly in favor of equities, and the value style is more likely to dominate. A recommended A + H dividend portfolio includes 13 stocks, and the A - share portfolio includes 20 stocks, mainly concentrated in industries such as banks, telecommunications, petroleum and petrochemicals, and transportation [9][65].