Core Viewpoint - The election of Kishi Sanae as the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) may lead to her becoming Japan's first female Prime Minister, with a shift towards a more moderate and conservative policy stance, alleviating investor concerns about extreme fiscal expansion and pressure on the Bank of Japan [1][2]. Policy Stance - Kishi Sanae's campaign reflected a pragmatic shift from her previous hardline positions, avoiding past statements on cutting consumption tax or opposing interest rate hikes, which helped her gain more support within the LDP [2][3]. - The concept of "Responsible Expansionary Fiscal Policy" proposed by Kishi emphasizes strategic fiscal mobilization to address social issues, aiming for job and income growth, and a gradual reduction of government net debt-to-GDP ratio, contrasting with modern monetary theory (MMT) [2][3]. Economic Policy Influences - Kishi's economic policies are influenced by former advisor Honda Yoshihiro, incorporating traditional measures such as refundable tax credits and the elimination of temporary gasoline taxes [3]. - She has indicated that cutting consumption tax is not a priority and the likelihood of increasing financial income tax in the short term is low, despite previous proposals to raise the tax rate on financial income over 500,000 yen [3]. Monetary Policy Alignment - Kishi respects the independence of the Bank of Japan, aligning her economic judgments with the cautious stance of Bank Governor Ueda Kazuo, which may lead to a cooling of market expectations for imminent interest rate hikes [5]. - If economic recovery is clear and wage growth stabilizes inflation at 2%, Kishi's government would not oppose interest rate increases, indicating a flexible approach to monetary policy [5]. Key Policy Focus Areas - Kishi's administration will prioritize national security, domestic investment, and structural reforms, with a strong emphasis on "economic security" [6]. - Plans include increasing defense spending to 2% of GDP by FY2027, promoting investment in critical sectors like AI, semiconductors, and biotechnology through tax incentives, and establishing a Foreign Investment Review Committee [6]. - Additional reforms aim to address rising prices, enhance energy security, and ensure food safety through agricultural structural reforms [6].

Core Viewpoint - The election of Kishi Sanae as the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) positions her as a potential first female Prime Minister of Japan, with a shift towards a more moderate and conservative policy stance, alleviating investor concerns about extreme fiscal expansion and pressure on the Bank of Japan [1][2]. Policy Stance - Kishi has moved from a hardline stance to a more pragmatic approach to gain support within the LDP, avoiding previous statements on cutting consumption tax or opposing interest rate hikes [2][3]. - Her campaign emphasized "responsible expansionary fiscal policy," focusing on strategic fiscal mobilization to address social issues, which contrasts with the extreme fiscal expansion associated with Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) [2][3]. Economic Policy Influences - Kishi's economic policies are influenced by former advisor Honda Yoshihiro, incorporating traditional measures such as refundable tax credits and the elimination of temporary gasoline taxes [3]. - Concerns regarding consumption tax cuts and increased financial income tax are deemed exaggerated, suggesting that fiscal sustainability risks may not be as significant as perceived [3]. Monetary Policy Alignment - Kishi respects the independence of the Bank of Japan, indicating that the government sets fiscal and monetary policy goals while the Bank decides on the best monetary policy tools [4]. - Her economic views align with Bank of Japan Governor Ueda Kazuo, both expressing caution regarding the impact of U.S. tariffs and recognizing that current inflation is primarily driven by supply-side factors [4][6]. Tax Policy Outlook - Kishi has indicated that cutting consumption tax is not a priority, and the likelihood of increasing financial income tax in the short term is low [5]. - Any potential increase in financial income tax would depend on achieving a 2% inflation target, rather than being implemented immediately [5]. Key Policy Focus Areas - Kishi's administration will prioritize national security, domestic investment, and structural reforms, with a strong emphasis on "economic security" [7][8]. - Plans include increasing defense spending to 2% of GDP by FY2027, promoting investment in critical sectors like AI and semiconductors, and establishing a Foreign Investment Review Committee [8].

自2018年履新以来，美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔始终将美国财政轨迹的"结构性失衡"作为核心政策关切，在公开场合累计提 及该议题超30次。尽管美联储法定职责局限于货币政策制定与金融监管，但其对财政健康度的持续预警，折射出美国经济 治理体系面临的深层矛盾。 白宫经济顾问委员会主席米兰试图淡化影响，称"3%增速预期将创造4万亿美元增量税收"。但该预测面临三大挑战：生产率 增速持续低于2%历史均值、劳动力参与率改善空间有限、以及地缘政治冲击对资本支出的抑制效应。更关键的是，IMF测 算显示，即便实现3%增速，利息支出占财政收入比重仍将从当前15%升至2030年的23%。 政策博弈进入关键窗口期 在财政整顿路径上，两党存在根本分歧。民主党主张通过企业税改和富人税筹集3.6万亿美元，而共和党推动将2017年减税 政策永久化。鲍威尔在5月7日参议院听证会上重申中立立场："美联储不会就具体政策组合表态，但必须指出，当前债务动 态不可持续。" 长期财政轨迹的制度性风险 鲍威尔在2018年杰克逊霍尔全球央行年会上首次系统阐述担忧："人口老龄化与医疗成本攀升正在侵蚀税基，联邦债务占 GDP比重已突破78%临界值。"这一诊断在2024 ...