日本参议院选举7月3日公示，选战拉开帷幕。沦为少数执政党8个月后的石破茂政权和在野党 的政绩将受到考验。本次共计516人参选，争夺总计125个议席…… 日本第27次参议院选举7月3日公示，截至20日的投计票为期17天的选战拉开帷幕。沦为少数执政党8个 月后的石破茂政权和在野党的政绩将受到考验。消费税减税和补贴等应对物价上涨的对策和社会保障是 主要争论点。 日本经济新闻社截至7月2日正午的统计显示，选区有343人参选，比例代表为173人，共计516人参选。 在日本，参议院议员的任期为6年，每3年举行一次选举，改选248个定员的一半。此次改选将争夺总计 125个议席，选区为74个，比例代表为50个，还包括东京选区的补充。 左右胜败的是日本全国32个改选定员为1的"一人选区"。在约半数的一人选区，立宪民主党、维新、国 民民主党等主要在野党的预定候选人将展开竞争。有观点认为，如果在野党选票分散，将有利于自民 党。 令和新选组、参政党、日本保守党等新兴政党能获得多少议席也备受关注。 7月20日除部分地区之外，晚上8点停止投票，当天计票。预计21日凌晨选举结果将见分晓。 版权声明：日本经济新闻社版权所有，未经授权不得转载 ...

2025.04. 29 本文字数：1259，阅读时长大约2分钟 封面图 | AI配图 4月29日，澎湃新闻从人社部获悉，在社会保障工作方面，人社部将持续深化改革，包括稳妥推进延迟法定退休年龄改革、制定提前领取个人养老金相关 办法、扩大职业伤害保障试点等。 社保经办服务进一步优化。人社部印发健全全国统一的社会保险公共服务平台的意见，推动提升社保公共服务能力和便民化水平。自4月1日起，在全部 地级市组织开展工伤保险跨省异地就医直接结算。举办12333统一咨询日活动。探索社会保障卡在交通出行领域的应用场景，天津市创新开展社会保障卡 加载中铁银通应用试点，实现在京津城际铁路8个站点刷卡乘车。截至3月底，全国社会保障卡持卡人数13.9亿人，覆盖98.9%人口，电子社保卡领用人数 10.9亿人，功能拓展到就医购药、交通出行、文化旅游、惠民惠农财政补贴资金发放等领域，社保卡覆盖更广泛、场景更丰富、功能更多元，大大拓宽了 百姓便利生活的边界。 下一步，人社部将做好以下社会保障工作：一是持续深化改革。稳妥推进延迟法定退休年龄改革，及时完善配套措施。研究完善适应灵活就业人员、农民 工、新业态从业人员特点的参保缴费办法。进一步扩大 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of expanding domestic demand as a primary task for economic work in 2023, with a focus on both short-term and long-term strategies to boost consumption and improve living standards [1] - Short-term measures include maintaining counter-cyclical fiscal policies, increasing spending, and adjusting the expenditure structure to focus more on improving people's livelihoods and promoting consumption [3][4] - Long-term strategies involve continuous reforms in key areas such as the household registration system, income distribution, and social security to provide sustainable growth benefits [4][5] Group 2 - Economic forecasts suggest a stable macroeconomic performance in 2025, with a smoother quarterly fluctuation compared to 2024, although concerns about insufficient consumer demand and export pressures remain [2][3] - The need for fiscal policy to play a crucial role in stabilizing growth is highlighted, with suggestions to shift investment focus from physical assets to human capital to create a long-term mechanism for expanding consumption [3][4] - Reforms in income distribution and social security are critical for increasing household consumption, with proposals to enhance the distribution of corporate profits to residents and improve social safety nets for vulnerable groups [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of expanding domestic demand as a primary task for economic work in 2024, with a focus on how to stimulate internal demand being a common concern among scholars [1]. Group 1: Short-term and Long-term Strategies - A combination of short-term and long-term strategies is essential for expanding domestic demand, with short-term measures focusing on fiscal policies and structural adjustments to enhance consumer spending [2]. - In the short term, it is crucial to maintain counter-cyclical fiscal policies and increase spending, particularly in areas that benefit people's livelihoods and promote consumption [2][5]. - Long-term reforms in areas such as the household registration system, income distribution, and social security are necessary to provide sustainable growth benefits [2][7]. Group 2: Economic Stability and Challenges - The macroeconomic outlook for 2025 is expected to be stable, with fewer fluctuations between quarters compared to 2024, although there are concerns about insufficient consumer demand leading to increased economic downward pressure [4][6]. - The stability of the exchange rate is highlighted as a strategic measure to revitalize domestic demand, with the central bank's policies playing a significant role in stabilizing asset prices and boosting consumption [4]. Group 3: Reform and Incentives - Reforming the household registration system is identified as a critical challenge that could significantly boost domestic demand, particularly for the nearly 300 million rural migrant workers [8][9]. - Establishing effective incentive mechanisms for local governments to implement reforms related to household registration can enhance public service provision and stimulate consumption [8][9]. Group 4: Income Distribution and Social Security - The article discusses the low proportion of GDP that residents receive from corporate dividends, suggesting that improving channels for profit distribution could enhance consumer spending [9]. - A proposal to transfer non-financial state-owned capital to social security funds could potentially increase the assets under management and significantly boost the income of low-income groups, thereby stimulating overall consumption [9]. Group 5: Rural Economic Support - Increasing financial support for rural elderly populations is proposed as a means to stimulate domestic demand, with evidence suggesting that enhanced social security can lead to improved labor productivity and economic growth [10].