Group 1: Space Exploration - In 2025, more spacecraft will be sent into space, with China's Tianwen-2 successfully launched to explore asteroid 2016HO3 and conduct scientific investigations on comet 311P [2] - The commercial space sector is accelerating, exemplified by the successful landing of the lunar lander "Blue Ghost" by American company Firefly Aerospace, which aims to support NASA's Artemis program [2] - The Artemis program faces delays, with the core launch vehicle, the Starship, experiencing multiple test flight failures in early 2025, although recent tests have met key objectives [2] Group 2: Gene Editing - A significant breakthrough in gene editing was marked by the first personalized gene editing therapy for a baby with a rare metabolic disease, showcasing the transition from concept to reality in customized treatments [3][4] - Chinese teams reported successful cases of organ transplantation from gene-edited pigs to brain-dead human patients, indicating advancements in xenotransplantation [3] - A kidney transplant from a gene-edited pig to a terminally ill patient maintained functionality for 271 days, setting a new record [3] Group 3: Artificial Intelligence - Chinese AI company DeepSeek released an open-source model, DeepSeek-R1, which lowers the resource cost for AI applications, helping to bridge the digital divide in developing countries [5] - Major AI firms, including OpenAI and Google's DeepMind, launched new versions of large models, achieving breakthroughs in text understanding and multi-modal generation [5] - AI's potential in research is highlighted by significant achievements, such as the development of AI tools for drug trials and advancements in quantum computing [5] Group 4: Energy Transition - The global shift towards renewable energy is recognized as a critical path for addressing climate change, with China being a key driver in this transition [6] - The UN climate change conference in Brazil achieved positive political outcomes, emphasizing international cooperation for green transformation [7] - Progress in fusion energy is marked by the completion of components for the world's largest superconducting magnet system, moving closer to controlled nuclear fusion [7] Group 5: Global Technology Governance - The rapid development of technology, particularly AI, brings risks such as misinformation and intellectual property infringement, prompting a consensus on the need for enhanced governance [8] - The UN has initiated global dialogues on AI governance, and China proposed the establishment of a World AI Cooperation Organization to promote beneficial AI development [8] - Experts emphasize the importance of stable research funding, international collaboration, and cross-disciplinary skills to ensure equitable and sustainable technological advancements [8]

Group 1: Space Exploration - In 2025, more spacecraft will be sent into space, with China's Tianwen-2 successfully launched to explore asteroid 2016HO3 and comet 311P, enhancing human research capabilities in the solar system [2] - The commercial space sector is accelerating, exemplified by the successful landing of the lunar lander "Blue Ghost" by American company Firefly Aerospace, which aims to gather critical data for NASA's Artemis program [2] - The Artemis program faces delays, with multiple task modules behind schedule and the core launch vehicle, the Starship, experiencing three failed test flights in early 2025, although two successful tests occurred in August and October [2] Group 2: Gene Editing - A breakthrough in gene editing is highlighted by the case of a U.S. infant, KJ Mardun, who received the world's first personalized gene editing therapy for a rare metabolic disease, marking a significant advancement in customized gene treatments [3][4] - Chinese teams reported successful cases of organ transplantation using gene-edited pigs, including the first successful liver and lung transplants into brain-dead patients, showcasing advancements in xenotransplantation [3] - A U.S. patient with end-stage kidney disease received a gene-edited pig kidney transplant, which maintained function for 271 days, setting a new record [3] Group 3: Artificial Intelligence - Chinese AI company DeepSeek released an open-source model, DeepSeek-R1, achieving top-tier performance at lower resource costs, which helps reduce barriers to AI adoption in various industries [5] - Major AI firms, including OpenAI and Google's DeepMind, launched new versions of large models in 2025, making significant advancements in text understanding and multi-modal generation capabilities [5] - AI's potential in research is evident, with DeepMind's Gemini model scoring at a gold medal level in an international math competition and OpenAI's GPT-5 achieving breakthroughs in combinatorial mathematics [5] Group 4: Energy Transition - The global renewable energy sector is experiencing rapid growth, with China recognized as a key driver in the transition to renewable energy, according to a report by Science magazine [6] - The UN climate change conference in November 2025 achieved positive political outcomes, demonstrating a commitment to green and low-carbon transitions despite the absence of the U.S. government [6] - In fusion energy, the completion of components for the world's largest superconducting electromagnet system for the "artificial sun" marks a significant step towards achieving controllable nuclear fusion energy [7] Group 5: Technology Governance - The rapid development of technology, particularly AI, has raised new risks, including misinformation and intellectual property infringement, prompting a global consensus on the need for enhanced governance [8] - The UN has initiated global dialogues on AI governance, and China proposed the establishment of a World AI Cooperation Organization to promote beneficial AI development [8] - Experts emphasize the importance of stable research funding, international collaboration, and cross-disciplinary cooperation to ensure equitable and sustainable technological advancements [8]

人工智能加速迭代 新华社北京1月2日电 题：拓展认知 改变生活——2025年全球科研发展回眸 新华社记者 2025年，全球科研取得多项成果，在航天探索、生命科学、人工智能、新能源等领域的进展持续拓展人 类认知疆界、改变人们生活状态。一批新兴技术迅猛发展，在赋能千行百业的同时也带来风险和挑战， 国际社会探讨通过多种途径加强治理。 太空探索任重道远 2025年，人类将更多航天器送入太空。中国天问二号探测器在5月成功发射，主要任务目标是对小行星 2016HO3进行探测、取样并返回地球，再对主带彗星311P开展科学探测，国际专家评价该探测器将拓展 人类研究太阳系天体的能力。 商业航天提速成为带动航天业发展的新引擎。美国"萤火虫"航空航天公司研发的月球着陆器"蓝色幽 灵"3月成功登陆月球表面，旨在为美国"阿耳忒弥斯"登月计划采集关键数据。 然而，"阿耳忒弥斯"计划的多个任务模块进度滞后，时间表一再更改。该计划核心运载工具——新一代 重型运载火箭"星舰"在2025年上半年遭遇试飞三连败，8月和10月实施的两次试飞实现了核心目标，包 括有效载荷部署演示、助推器着陆方案调整等，接下来还要攻克在轨燃料补给、飞船回收等技术难点。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 World Top Scientists Forum will be held in Shanghai from October 24 to 26, focusing on "Future Science: Shanghai and the World" and gathering top international scientists to discuss major topics in global technology and science [1] Group 1: Event Overview - The forum will feature 25 top-tier award winners, including 4 Nobel Prize winners and 4 Turing Award winners, alongside numerous domestic and international academicians and renowned experts [1] - The event will consist of a main forum, 6 sub-forums, and over 10 related activities, aiming to create a multi-layered and high-level international academic event [1] Group 2: Focus Areas - Key discussion topics will include fundamental research, technological breakthroughs, integrated innovation, international cooperation, and science governance [1] - The opening ceremony will include the presentation of the 2025 World Top Scientists Association Awards for "Intelligent Science or Mathematics" and "Life Science or Medicine" [1]

Group 1 - The California state legislature has initiated a new AI regulatory framework following Governor Gavin Newsom's veto of a previous bill that held tech companies accountable for technological damages [1] - The SB 53 amendment, introduced by Senator Scott Wiener, aims to establish the first national AI transparency regulatory framework, requiring companies developing AI models exceeding a specific computational threshold to publicly disclose safety assessment protocols [1] - Companies such as OpenAI, Alphabet (GOOGL.US), and Anthropic will be required to submit special reports to the state attorney general in the event of significant safety incidents, such as sensitive technology leaks [1] Group 2 - The SB 53 amendment retains whistleblower protection provisions and a public cloud service platform proposal to support startups and academic institutions with low-cost computational resources, while removing controversial liability clauses [2] - The amendment aligns with recommendations from the AI Frontier Model Working Group, which includes prominent experts like Fei-Fei Li, providing professional support for the current legislative proposal [2] - The SB 53 bill is expected to enter the committee review stage later this month, with ongoing consultations with tech companies and academic institutions to refine the proposal [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of youth innovation and encourages young individuals to contribute their voices and ideas in the field of technology and innovation through the "Finding the Voice of Youth" initiative [2]. Group 1: Collection Details - The collection period for submissions is from now until July 15, 2025, at 3 PM [2]. - The initiative targets young technology workers aged 40 and below, requiring them to submit original articles on the theme of technological innovation [3]. Group 2: Submission Directions - The collection focuses on two main directions: 1. "Voice of Policy and Benefit to the World" which explores future industries such as biotechnology, quantum computing, and intelligent systems, emphasizing the need for policy support and governance in technology [4]. 2. "Voice of Determined Innovation" which discusses the commercialization of future industries and the transformation of traditional industries, focusing on the challenges and practical case analyses [4]. Group 3: Support Mechanisms - Participants may receive various benefits, including a certificate as "Youth Innovation Pioneer," opportunities to publish in scientific reports or magazines, and invitations to participate in forums and training programs [6]. - Selected individuals may also be recommended for prestigious programs such as the "Shanghai Youth Scientist Club" and the "Shanghai Technology U35" initiative [6]. Group 4: Submission Method - Submissions can be made through the designated website, where participants can select their identity and submit their entries [7].